Dwarf Burmese python: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Subspecies of snake}}

{{speciesbox

{{Subspeciesbox

| status = VU

| name = Dwarf Burmese Python python

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| image =

| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN| id = 193451| taxon = ''Python bivittatus''| assessor = Stuart, B.| assessor2 = Nguyen, T.Q.| assessor3 = Thy, N.| assessor4 = Grismer, L.| assessor5 = Chan-Ard, T.| assessor6 = Iskandar, D.| assessor7 = Golynsky, E.| assessor8 = Lau, M.W.N.| last-assessor-amp = yes| assessment_year = 2012| version = 2012.1| accessdate = 17 October 2012}}</ref>

| status = VU

| name = Dwarf Burmese Python

| imagestatus_system =

| status_ref =

| genus = Python

| species = bivittatus

| species_link = Burmese python

| subspecies = progschai

| authority = [[Heinrich Kuhl|Kuhl]], 1820

| range_map = Python bivittatus Area.svg

| range_caption = Natural range

| synonyms = ''Python molurus progschai'' [[Heinrich Kuhl|Kuhl]], 1820<ref>{{NRDB species|genus=Python |species=bivittatus |subspecies=progschai }}</ref>

}}

The ''' Dwarfdwarf Burmese python''' (''Python bivittatus progschai'') is islandan based[[Insular dwarfism|insular dwarf]] sub-speciessubspecies of the [[Burmese Pythonpython]] (''Python bivittatus bivittatus''). The Dwarfdwarf Burmese python is native to the Indonesian islands of [[Java]], [[Bali]], [[Sumbawa]], and [[Sulawesi]]. The Dwarfdwarf sub-speciessubspecies seems to have a maximum length of {{convert|85.29|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="LangVogel">de Lang R, Vogel G (2005). ''The Snakes of Sulawesi: A Field Guide to the Land Snakes of Sulawesi with Identification Keys''. Frankfurt Contributions to Natural History Band 25, Edition Chimaira 2005. {{ISBN|3-930612-85-2}}. pp. 23-27, 198-201.</ref> In 2009, the Dwarfdwarf Burmese Pythonpython was officialofficially recognized as sub-speciesa subspecies of the Burmese Pythonpython.<ref>{{cite journal

| last =Jacobs

| first =H.J.

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| issue =3

| pages =5–11

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| year =2009

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They are often found in forests, and sometimes near bodies of fresh or brackish water. The sub-speciessubspecies seems to prefer hiding among old logs, and tree stumps{{cn|date=July.<ref 2017}}name="LangVogel"/> butHowever, like their larger mainland cousins, they also seem to enjoy the occasional dip in fresh or brackish water. They do seem to mostly nocturnal, with increased active between the hours of dusk to dawn.

==Description==

Dwarf Burmese pythons differ in size, appearance and build, compared to their larger mainland oousinscousins. Not only are the Dwarfdwarf Burmese shorter in length, but they are also slimmer in over all build. Also the dwarfs tend to lighter in coloration, with better defined markings, when compared with the coloration and markings of a normal mainland Burmese Pythonpython.

While the largest Dwarfdwarf Burmese Pythonpython is recorded at being at {{convert|8.2|ft|abbr=on}}, The average for females of this sub-speciessubspecies seems to be about {{convert|5.5-6|ft|abbr=on}}. The average for adult male Dwarfsdwarf Burmese pythons seems to be about {{convert|4-4.5|ft|abbr=on}}.

==Distribution and habitat==

The speciessubspecies has a [[disjunct distribution]], natively occurring on several Indonesian islands (Java, Nusa Barung, Bali, Sumbawa, possibly Lombok, and south Sulawesi). It does not inhabit peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra. The dwarf Burmese python can be found in grasslands, forested woodlands, jungles, marshes, swamps, and river valleys; it generally requires the presence of water.<ref name=IUCN/>

==Behavior==

{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}

Dwarf Burmese pythons are mainly nocturnal, forest dwellers, much like their larger mainland cousins. When young, they are equally at home on the ground and in trees, but as they gain girth, they tend to restrict most of their movements to the ground. They are also excellent swimmers, being able to stay submerged for up to half an hour. Burmese pythons spend the majority of their time hidden in the underbrush.

Dwarf Burmese Pythons breed in the mid spring, with females laying clutches of 8-14 eggs in April or May. The females remain with the eggs until they hatch, wrapping around them and twitching their muscles in such a way as to raise the ambient temperature around the eggs by several degrees. Once the hatchlings use their [[egg tooth]] to cut their way out of their eggs, no further maternal care is given. In captivity - the eggs can be taken from the female and hatched in about 56-60 days.<ref>Dwarf Burmese Pythons With Eggs by Bob Clark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgP5_DB0aiU </ref>

Dwarf Burmese Pythonspythons breed in the mid -spring, with females laying clutches of 8-14 eggs in April or May. The females remain with the eggs until they hatch, wrapping around them and twitching their muscles in such a way as to raise the ambient temperature around the eggs by several degrees. Once the hatchlings use their [[egg tooth]] to cut their way out of their eggs, no further maternal care is given. In captivity - the eggs can be taken from the female and hatched in about 56-6056–60 days.<ref>Dwarf Burmese Pythons With Eggs by Bob Clark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgP5_DB0aiU </ref>

==Diet==

{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}

Like all snakes, the Dwarfdwarf Burmese python is [[carnivorous]]. Its diet consists primarily of appropriately sized items - i.e. small birds and mammals.<ref>http://www.reptilesmagazine.com/Care-Sheets/Snakes/Burmese-Python/(ReptileMagazine.com{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - website)</ref> The snake uses its sharp rearward-pointing teeth to seize its prey, then wraps its body around the prey, at the same time contracting its muscles, killing by [[constriction]]. It isThe main natural prey for the dwarf Burmese python seems to be mainly rats, mice, and other rodents, and small birds. BecauseIn itscaptivity smaller- sizeaveraged sized adult dwarf Burmese can be feed a regular diet of medium to extra large rats, inonce captivityevery 7–10 days. Only the Dwarflarger Burmesefemales rarely(6+ feet) should be feed on rabbits or other larger mammals. Although they can still eat chickens or small poultry.

==Captivity==

Dwarf Burmese pythons have been kept in captivity since 2003, when they were first imported from Indonesia.<ref> http://www.tomreaganreptiles.com/Our_Projects.html(Tom{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Reagan Reptiles.com - website)</ref> While they are not nearly as common or popular as their larger mainland cousins. They still can be sold as pets. However Dwarfsdwarfs tend to have the reputation of having a nasty disposition (hissing & striking). This is mainly caused by wild caught adults. Captive born and bred juveniles, tend be more similar to normal mainland Burmese is their temperament and disposition. CBB Dwarfsdwarfs tend to have a fairly docile, but curious personality. While dwarfs do not grow as their larger, mainland cousins. They still reach full sexual maturity in less than 3 years.

While there are no known morphs linked to the Dwarfdwarf Burmese Pythonspythons, at this time. Hybrids between the Dwarfdwarf and Nominalnominal forms do exist - often called Halfhalf Dwarfsdwarfs. These hybrids are often slightly larger than the Dwarfdwarf Burmese Pythonspythons. The hybrids also can produce various morphs, starting in the 2nd generation. In 2005, the very first F1 Halfhalf Dwarfdwarf Burmese Pythonspythons were first produced in the United States. In 2008, The very first F2 Halfhalf Dwarfsdwarfs were produced from F1 parents. <ref>http://www.reptiletalk.net/half-dwarf-burmese-pythons (ReptileTalk.net- website) </ref>

==Conservation==

The Burmese python species as a whole is classified as [[vulnerableVulnerable species|Vulnerablevulnerable]] by the [[IUCN]], mostly due to illegalhabitat petdegradation tradethrough slash and captureburn foragriculture consumptionin upland areas. Depleted populations may be put under additional pressure by habitatcapture degradationfor through slashconsumption and burnskinning agricultureas inwell uplandas areasthe pet trade.

In Florida, where Burmese pythons are invasive, it poses a threat to the ecosystem by consuming native wildlife.<ref name=IUCN>{{Cite journal | author = Stuart, B. | author2 = Nguyen, T.Q. | author3 = Thy, N. | author4 = Grismer, L. | author5 = Chan-Ard, T. | author6 = Iskandar, D. | author7 = Golynsky, E. | author8 = Lau, M.W.N. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Python bivittatus'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2012 | page = e.T193451A2237271 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2012 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T193451A2237271.en | doi-access = free }}</ref>

In Florida, where the species is invasive, it poses a threat to the ecosystem by consuming native wildlife.<ref name=IUCN/>

==References==

{{reflistReflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q39087807}}

{{Pythonidae}}

[[Category:Pythonidae by common name]]

[[Category:Python (genus)]]