Music of Java: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Javanese traditional music, Indonesia}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}
[[File: Javanese Gamelan.jpg|thumb|right|300px| Javanese gamelan ensemble performance during traditional Javanese [[Yogyakarta]] style wedding ceremony at Sasono Utomo, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Jakarta, Indonesia.]]

{{Music of Indonesia}}

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==Gamelan==

{{Main|Gamelan}}

The [[gamelan]] orchestra, based on metallic [[idiophone]]s and [[drum]]s, is perhaps the form which is most readily identified as being distinctly "Javanese" by outsiders. In various forms, it is ubiquitous to Southeast [[Asia]]. In Java, the full [[gamelan]] also adds a [[bowed string instrument]] (the [[rebab]], a name illustrative of [[Islamic]] influence), plucked [[siter]], vertical flute [[suling]] and voices.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mardiastuti |first=Aditya |title=Alat Musik Rebab: Pengertian, Sejarah Asal, dan Cara Memainkan |url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6243216/alat-musik-rebab-pengertian-sejarah-asal-dan-cara-memainkan |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=detikjabar |language=id-ID}}</ref> The rebab is one of the main melodic instruments of the ensemble, together with the metallophone [[gendér]]; these and the [[kendang]] drums are often played by the most experienced musicians. Voices usually consist of a male chorus [[gerong]], together with a female soloist [[sindhen|pesindhen]]; however, the voices are not usually featured in court gamelan (as opposed to [[wayang kulit]], [[shadow puppet]] theatre) and are supposed to be heard discreetly in the middle of the orchestral sound. In these [[Abstract music|abstract]] pieces, the words are largely secondary to the music itself.

There are two tuning systems in Javanese gamelan music, [[slendro]] ([[pentatonic]]) and [[pelog]] ([[heptatonic]] in full, but focusing on a pentatonic group).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-01-21 |title=Mengenal Laras Slendro dan Pelog: Arti, Perbedaan, dan Nada |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/01/21/112810678/mengenal-laras-slendro-dan-pelog-arti-perbedaan-dan-nada |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> Tuning is not standard, rather each gamelan set will have a distinctive tuning. There are also distinct melodic modes ([[pathet]]) associated with each tuning system. A complete gamelan consists of two of sets of instrument, one in each tuning system. Different gamelan sets have different sonorities, and are used for different pieces of music; many are very old, and used for only one specific piece. Musical forms are defined by the [[rhythm]]ic cycles. These consist of major cycles punctuated by the large [[gong]], subdivided by smaller divisions marked by the striking of smaller [[gong]]s such as [[kenong]], [[kempul]] and [[kempyang and ketuk|kethuk]]. The melodic interplay takes place within this framework (technically called "[[colotomic structure]]").

==Contemporary forms==

Popular music forms that infuse Western elements and appeal to younger, mass audiences gained popularity in the 1970s and the 1980s. Examples of proponents of this type of music are [[Gugum Gumbira]] and Idjah Hadidjah.

==See also==

{{Portal|Music|Indonesia}}

* [[Music of Indonesia]]

* [[MusicSundanese of Sundamusic]]

* [[Music of Bali]]

* [[Music of Sumatra]]

== References ==

{{Unreferenced|date=July 2008}}

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:IndonesianMusic musicof Indonesia|Java]]

[[Category:Javanese culture]]