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{{Wikipedia-The Missing Manual - TOC|updated=yes}}

Most of this book is aimed at folks who want to edit Wikipedia articles and become more active in the Wikipedia community. But this appendix is all about appreciating Wikipedia as a ''reader''. It gives you some background on what Wikipedia is and how to get the most out of it even if you have no intention of editing an article.

== Some basics ==

{{Main|Wikipedia:Administration}}

Wikipedia is a collaboratively written encyclopedia. It's a ''wiki'', which means that the underlying software (in this case, a system called ''[[MediaWiki]]'') tracks every change to every page. That change-tracking system makes it easy to remove (''revert'') inappropriate edits, and to identify repeat offenders who can be blocked from future editing.

Wikipedia is run by the not-for-profit ''[[Wikimedia Foundation]]''; that's why you don't see advertising on any of its pages, or on any of Wikipedia's sister projects that the Foundation runs (more on those later). To date, almost all the money to run Wikipedia and its smaller sister projects has come from donations. Once a year or so, for a month or so, you may see a fundraising banner instead of the standard small-print request for donations at the top of each page, but, so far, that's about as intrusive as the foundation's fundraising gets.

Wikipedia is a collaboratively written encyclopedia. It's a ''wiki'', which means that the underlying software (in this case, a system called ''MediaWiki'') tracks every change to every page. That change-tracking system makes it easy to remove (''revert'') inappropriate edits, and to identify repeat offenders who can be blocked from future editing.

Wikipedia is run by the not-for-profit ''Wikimedia Foundation''; that's why you don't see advertising on any of its pages, or on any of Wikipedia's sister projects that the Foundation runs (more on those later). To date, almost all the money to run Wikipedia and its smaller sister projects has come from donations. Once a year or so, for a month or so, you may see a fundraising banner instead of the standard small-print request for donations at the top of each page, but, so far, that's about as intrusive as the foundation's fundraising gets.

== What Wikipedia is not ==

To understand what Wikipedia ''is'', you may find it very helpful to understand what Wikipedia is ''not''. Wikipedia's goal is not, as some people think, to become the repository of all knowledge. It has always defined itself as an ''encyclopedia''—a reference work with articles on all types of subjects, but not as a final destination, and not as something that encompasses every detail in the world. (The U.S. Library of Congress has roughly 30 million ''books'' in its collection, not to mention tens of millions of other items, by comparison to about two{{number to word|{{#expr:trunc({{NUMBEROFARTICLES:R}}/1000000)}}}} million ''articles'' in Wikipedia). Still, there's much confusion about Wikipedia's scope.

Wikipedia has a well-known policy (to experienced editors, at least) stating what kinds of information belong in the encyclopedia. The sister projects that the Wikimedia Foundation supports, such as Wiktionary, fulfill some of the roles that Wikipedia does not.

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=== Wikipedia's sister projects ===

The Wikimedia Foundation has seventwelve projects that are parallel to Wikipedia, plus a project called the Commons, where pictures and other freely usable media are stored for use by all projects in all languages ('''Figure 22B-1''').

{{Image frame|width=640|content=

{{#invoke:String|replace|{{Wikipedia's sister projects}}|Wikipedia .-<div|<div|count=1|plain=false}}

[[File:Wikipedia|caption='''Figure B-The1''' Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29299.png|frame|right|The Wikimedia Foundation has eighttwelve parallelother projects, thein oldestaddition of which isto Wikipedia, plus theincluding Commons, a central repository of pictures and other media.]]|align=right}}

Several of the projects listed in '''Figure 22B-1''' overlap (or potentially overlap) with Wikipedia:

* '''[[wikt:|Wiktionary]]''' is a free, multilingual dictionary with definitions, etymologies, pronunciations, sample quotations, synonyms, antonyms and translations. It's the "lexical companion" to Wikipedia. It's common at Wikipedia to move (''transwiki'') articles to Wiktionary because they're essentially definitions.

* '''[[n:|Wikinews]]''' and Wikipedia clearly overlap. A story in the national news (Hurricane Katrina, for example) is likely to show up on both. Unlike Wikipedia, Wikinews includes articles that are original writing, but the vast majority are sourced. Because of the overlap between the two, Wikinews has struggled to attract editors. Given a choice, most editors chose to work with Wikipedia articles, which are more widely viewed.

* '''[[n:|Wikisource]]''' is an archive of "free artistic and intellectual works created throughout history." Except for annotation and translation, these are essentially historical documents (fiction as well as nonfiction) that are in the public ___domain or whose copyright has expired.

=== Policy: What Wikipedia is not ===

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The best answer may be "Compared to what?" Wikipedia wouldn't be one of the world's top 10 most visited Web sites (that includes all 250-plus language versions, not just the English Wikipedia) if readers didn't find it better than available alternatives. To be sure, Wikipedia is an encyclopedia under construction. As the general disclaimer (see the Disclaimers link at the bottom of every page) says, "WIKIPEDIA MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. Please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by people with the expertise required to provide you with complete, accurate or reliable information."

On the other hand, Wikipedia has been reviewed by a number of outside experts, most famously in an article published in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' in December 2005. In that article, a group of experts compared 42 articles in Wikipedia to the corresponding articles in [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. Their conclusion: "The number of errors in a typical Wikipedia science article is not substantially more than in Encyclopaedia Britannica." (The actual count was 162 errors vs. 123.) That comparison is now several years old, and editors have continued to improve those 42 articles as well as all the others that were in the encyclopedia back then. (For a full list of outside reviews of Wikipedia, see the page [[Wikipedia:External peer review]].)

None of which is to say that Wikipedia editors are wildly happy about the quality of many, if not most articles. Those most knowledgeable about Wikipedia have repeatedly talked about the need to improve quality, and that quality is now more important than quantity. The challenge is whether Wikipedia can implement a combination of technological and procedural changes that'll make a difference, because so far relatively incremental changes haven't made much of a dent in the problem of accuracy.

So, should you trust Wikipedia? That should depend somewhat on the article. If you see a star in the upper right corner (see '''Figure 22B-12'''), indicating a featured article, you can be virtually certain that what you'll read is correct, and that the cited sources back up what's in the article.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29416.png|frame|right|'''Figure B-2''' Featured articles (articles with the highest assessed quality in Wikipedia) have a star in the upper right corner. You can click the star to learn how articles get their featured status (see [[Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/NameCollaborating ofwith Partother ofeditors/Lending theother Book/Nameeditors ofa hand#Going for the Chapter#Sectiongold: headingBetter and best article candidates|the section about xxgood and featured articles]]).]]

You'll find that each article contains clues to its reliability. If you see a well-written article with at least a reasonable number of footnotes, then you should be reasonably confident that almost all the information in the article is correct. If you see a lot of run-on sentences and templates noting a lack of sources, point of view problems, and so on, then you should be skeptical.

You can get more clues from the article talk (discussion) page; just click the "discussionTalk" tab. At the top, see if a Wikipedia WikiProject (a group of editors working on articles of common interest) has rated the article. Also at the top, look for links to archived talk pages, indicating that a lot of editors have talked a lot about the article, and have therefore edited it a lot.

If there are no archive pages, and not much indication of activity on the talk page you're looking at, then the opposite is true—few editors have been interested in editing the article. That doesn't mean it's not good—some excellent good editors toil in relative backwaters, producing gems without much discussion with other editors. Still, absence of editor activity should make you more doubtful that you've found an example of Wikipedia's best.

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== Navigating within Wikipedia ==

There are two basic ways to find interesting articles in Wikipedia: Do a search, or browse, starting from the Mainlinks Pageon the left of every page. Wikipedia has lots of organizing features depending on how you want to browse, like overviews, portals, lists, indexes, and categories. But for a bit of amusement, you can also try a couple of unusual ways to go from article to article, as discussed in this section.

=== Searching Wikipedia ===

On the right side of each Wikipedia page, you'll find a box labeled "search", with two buttons—Go and Search. Wikipedia's search engine is widely acknowledged to be quite poor. Your best bet to find what you want is to type the title you're looking for into the search box, and then click Go (or press Enter). If you're right, and Wikipedia finds an ''exact'' match, you'll be at that article. If it doesn't find an exact match, Wikipedia provides you with a link to "create this page", which you should ignore if you're searching only for reading purposes. It also provides you some search results. '''Figure 22B-13''' shows the result of a failed search for the title ''Institute of Institutional Research'', including the start of some best guess results.

{{WTMM-note|If you click "Search", for curiosity's sake, you'll just get some so-so search results. For example, if you search for ''Reagan wife'', the article ''[[Nancy Reagan]]'' shows up 6th2nd and ''[[Jane Wyman]]'' shows up 16th17th. Worse, the context Wikipedia's result page shows is terrible. With a Google search, by contrast, you can get these two names from the context shown for the first result without even having to click a link.}}

[[File:Wikipedia-TheSearch Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29485Screenshot.png|frame|center|'''Figure B-3''' When Wikipedia can't find an exact match to a Gosearch request, it provides search results, but it also offers a link to create an article with the same name as the word or phrase you entered.]]

If you don't arrive at an article page when you click Go, and you don't find what you're looking for in the search results toward the bottom of the page, your next best move is to switch to another search engine. To do so, type ''site:en.wikipedia.org'' into the search engine's search box, along with whatever word or phrase you were looking for. (The "en" prefix restricts results to the English Wikipedia, makesotherwise thisyou verycould easyget results from a version in the other 250 or so languages.) This technique works for you—justthe changebig three: Google, Yahoo, and MSN searches. If you use another search engine, look at the "MediaWikiadvanced search" option (often available only after you do a search) for how to anotherspecify menuthat choice,the asresults shownshould income '''Figureonly 22-1'''from one ___domain.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29497Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29508.png|frame|center|Wikipedia'''Figure makesB-4''' itThe easysame tosearch pickfor another"Institute searchfor engine.Institutional HereResearch" Google'sas beingin selected'''Figure B-3''', but otherthis searchtime enginessearching arewith availableGoogle. TakeThe advantagesearch ofresults this option ifare your initial Go attempt doesn'tcompletely succeeddifferent.]]

'''Figure 22B-14''' shows the search done again using Google. To those familiar with the Wikipedia search engine, it's not surprising that the top results are completely different.

{{WTMM-tip|

You generally ''don't'' want to initiate an internal Wikipedia search via your browser. If you see a pull-down menu that lets you pick Wikipedia as your search engine, ignore that choice. It just gets you to Wikipedia's internal search engine, which, as discussed earlier, just isn't very good.

The single exception to all the above isHowever, if what you're searching for has been added to Wikipedia in the last day or two. If so, only the Wikipedia search engine is likely to give you a successful search,. because that engineIt is the only one using the live database for its searches. Everyone else has a not quite up-to-date ''list'' of Wikipedia pages, and not-quite up-to-date ''versions'' of Wikipedia pages.}}

'''Figure 22-1''' shows the search done again using Google. To those familiar with the Wikipedia search engine, it's not surprising that the top results are completely different.

}}

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29508.png|frame|center|The same search for "Institute for Institutional Research" as in Figure C-1, but this time searching with Google. The search results are completely different.]]

{{WTMM-sidebar|Searching from outside Wikipedia|'''Figure 22-1''' shows how to use an outside search engine to search Wikipedia, once your initial attempt to find an article has failed. You can do the same thing (get the same results as '''Figure 22-1''', for example) without using a Wikipedia page initially, which may be easier.

To do so, type [http://site:en.wikipedia.org http://site:en.wikipedia.org] into the search engine's search box, along with whatever word or phrase you were looking for. (The "en" prefix restricts results to the English Wikipedia, otherwise you could get results from a version in the other 250 or so languages.) This technique works for the big three: Google, Yahoo, and MSN searches. If you use another search engine, look at the "advanced search" option (often available only after you do a search) for how to specify that the results should come only from one ___domain.

You generally ''don't'' want to initiate an internal Wikipedia search via your browser. If you see a pull-down menu that lets you pick Wikipedia as your search engine, ignore that choice. It just gets you to Wikipedia's internal search engine, which, as discussed earlier, just isn't very good.

=== Top-down navigation ===

The single exception to all the above is if what you're searching has been added to Wikipedia in the last day or two. If so, only the Wikipedia search engine is likely to give you a successful search, because that engine is the only one using the live database for its searches. Everyone else has a not quite up-to-date ''list'' of Wikipedia pages, and not-quite up-to-date ''versions'' of Wikipedia pages.}}

You can also navigate Wikipedia via a number of different starting points. The best way to get to them is via the links"[[Wikipedia:Contents|Contents]]" near the top of the Main Pagepage, as shown in '''Figure 22B-15'''. Every Wikipedia page has a link to thethis Main Pagepage, on the left side, in the navigation box below the Wikipedia globe. From the Main Pagethere, you can see the vastness of Wikipedia via threemany different approaches:, such as categories, portals, and the A-Z index.

=== Navigating from the Main Page ===

[[File:Top of Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29561Contents.png|frame|center|Wikipedia's''Figure MainB-5''' PageThe page [[Wikipedia:Contents]] is accessible via a single click from any other page in Wikipedia. AtIt theprovides top are threemany links to starting points within Wikipedia that provide different top-down views, some of which are discussed later in this appendix.]]

You can also navigate Wikipedia via a number of different starting points. The best way to get to them is via the links near the top of the Main Page, as shown in '''Figure 22-1'''. Every Wikipedia page has a link to the Main Page, on the left side, in the navigation box below the Wikipedia globe. From the Main Page, you can see the vastness of Wikipedia via three different approaches: categories, portals, and the A-Z index.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29561.png|frame|center|Wikipedia's Main Page is accessible via a single click from any other page in Wikipedia. At the top are three links to starting points within Wikipedia that provide different top-down views.]]

==== Categories ====

Any article may belong to one or more categories ([[Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Building a Stronger Encyclopedia/Categorizing Articles|Chapter 17: Categorizing articles]]), which you'll find listed at the bottom of the article. Like everything else in an article, editors add the categories, so categories are only as accurate as the people who enter them; like everything else, if someone sees a mistake, shethey can fix it. When you click the Categories link shown in '''Figure 22B-15''', you'll see the master index (see '''Figure 22B-16''').

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29590.png|frame|center|'''Figure B-6''' Here's the top-level list of categories. It's the starting point for drilling down to find all articles in any particular subcategory.]]

The text in '''Figure 22B-16''' is hand-crafted, not computer-generated, but once you leave the page via a link on it, the lists you'll see will be computer-generated and thus completely current. For example, when you click Geography at the top of the index, that takes you to a section of the page called "Geography and places", with the main category Geography. Click that word, and you'll see '''Figure 22B-17'''. If you're interested in Geography, you can drill down in whatever subcategory you want until you reach actual links to articles, and then follow them.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29608.png|frame|center|'''Figure B-7''' The category ''Geography'' had 28 subcategories when this screenshot was taken. In the "B" section, you see an expansion of one of those subcategories, Branches of Geography, displaying all the sub-subcategories until there are no further ones, along one line of that subcategory.]]

{{WTMM-note|Not every article in Wikipedia is intricately categorized. For example, at the bottom of the ''Category:Geography'' page, you see articles in that category which are ''not'' in any subcategory (you can't see them in '''Figure 22B-17'''). Those may be truly unique articles, or articles just waiting for further categorization work.}}

==== Portals ====

From the Main Page[[Wikipedia:Contents]], you can alsoinstead followclick the bolded[[Wikipedia:Contents/Portals|Portals link]] "Alland portals"go to the main page for portals ('''Figure 22B-18'''). Like categories, portals can be a great way to narrow down the number of articles you're particularly interested in reading, or to lead you to articles that you otherwise might never have known existed.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29638.png|frame|center|'''Figure B-8''' Portals are probably one of the least known ways to find articles on Wikipedia. If you're particularly interested in a topic, one of the 500 or so existing portals can be a great page to bookmark.]]

==== The A-Z index ====

The third entry pointAnother link onshown thein Main'''Figure PageB-5''' is the A-Z[[Wikipedia:Contents/A–Z index|A–Z index]]. It's equivalent to browsing the shelves of a library, with the books in alphabetical order on the shelves. '''Figure 22B-19''' shows what you'll see if you click the "A-Z index" link at the top of the Main Page.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29668.png|frame|center|'''Figure B-9''' ''The A-Z index'' (also called the ''Quick Index'') lets you go directly to a list of articles beginning with any two characters: El or Na or Tr or whatever.]]

If you were trying, for example, to find the name of an article that began with an unusual pair of letters (say, ''Cg''), then the A-Z index may be helpful (see '''Figure 22B-19''').

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29688.png|frame|center|'''Figure B-10''' If you pick a two-letter starting pair, in '''Figure 22B-19''', and click that link, here's what you see. The links in regular text are articles; the links in italics (the majority) are ''redirects'', which take you to an article with a different name. Redirects are used for misspellings, for less common variants of a particular name, and for subjects that don't (yet) have their own articles, and are related to an existing article to which the reader will be directed.]]

The alphabetical index to articles is actually more useful after you've drilled down one level. Now you have the option of searching for articles that start with three or four or even more characters.

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==== Other entry points ====

YouSeveral mayother havelinks noticed,shown in '''Figure 22B-15''' and '''Figure 22-1''', a top-level row of links: Contents, Overviews, Academia, Topics, Basic Topics, and so on. Three of these (Overviews, TopicsOutlines, Basic TopicsLists) are also high-level entry points into Wikipedia that you might want to check out to see if one or more are interesting.

=== Categories ===

You can view Wikipedia's entire hierarchy of categories by clicking the Categories link near the top of the MainContents Page, as shown in '''Figure B-76'''. But you can also use the category system to browse Wikipedia in a number of other ways, using tools both inside and outside of Wikipedia. For example, there are links at the bottom of each article that let you find articles in related categories. You can also find articles that fall into two different categories. You can even narrow your search by category when you're using an external search engine.

==== Category links at the bottom of articles ====

At the bottom of virtually every article, you'll find the categories that Wikipedia editors have assigned to that article. '''Figure B-1211''' shows an example.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29721.png|frame|center|'''Figure B-11''' The article on major league baseball player Lee Smith has, at the bottom, a larger than usual number of categories. In this case, it's mostly because Smith was a member of eight different teams.]]

Click any of these categories, and you'll be on a category page similar to '''Figure B-87'''. With a click, you can jump to another article in the same category.

==== Articles in two different categories ====

One of Wikipedia's most requested features is "category intersection"—the ability to get a list of all articles that fall into two or more categories. Wikipedia still lacks that ability, but you can find it at an off-Wikipedia page called CatScanPetScan at http://toolspetscan.wmflabs.org/catscan2/catscan2.php. '''Figure B-1312''' shows how to use it to find, for example, baseball players that have been members of both the [[Seattle Mariners]] and the [[Washington Nationals]]. When you search for articles by category using CatScanPetScan, you can choose how many levels of sub- and sub-sub-categories you want to search. This search shows a depth of 3, butmeaning sinceup thereto were3 levels of subcategories will be searched. (In this case, [[:Category:Seattle Mariners players]] has no subcategories, and [[:Category:Washington Nationals players]] has only one subcategory, [[:Category:Montreal Expos players]], which has no subcategories, so the results are onlyequivalent forto a depth of 1). But ifIf you were using the category ''[[:Category:Architects|Architects]]'' instead, you'd see results in subcategories such as ''[[:Category:American Architectsarchitects|American architects]]'' (level 2) and ''[[:Category:Architects from Cincinnati|Architects from Cincinnati]]'' (level 3). [[File:Wikipedia-ThePetScan Missingsports Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29745players.png|frame|center|'''Figure B-12''' When you search for articles by category using CatScan, you can choose how many levels of sub- and sub-sub-categories you want to search. This search shows a depth of 3, but since therewas wereonly noone level of subcategories, the results are only for a depth of 1. But if you were using the category ''Architects'', you'd see results in subcategories such as ''[[:Category:American Architectsarchitects|American architects]]'' (level 2) and ''[[:Category:Architects from Cincinnati|Architects from Cincinnati]]'' (level 3).]]

{{WTMM-warning|When using CatScanPetScan, capitalization—except for the very first letter—is critical. For example, in '''Figure B-1312''', if you had searchsearched on the category "Seattle Mariners Players" instead of "Seattle Mariners players," you'd have gotten no matches.}}

==== Searching for categories ====

You can search for categories using the standard Wikipedia search engine by modifying the "Search in" box shown in '''Figure B-3''' (see [[#Searching Wikipedia|the section about searching]]). However, external search engines often have additional options, so it may be better to use one.

External search engines often have options that Wikipedia's search feature lacks, as discussed on [[Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Name of Part of the Book/Name of the Chapter#Section heading|the section about xx]]. When you use an external search engine, you simply restrain your search results to Wikipedia pages and apply any other options you like. If you use Google, for example, you can search just Wikipedia category pages by typing ''site:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category'' in the search box. Figure B-14 shows how to use this site restriction in Google. This Google search restricts results to category pages, since "site:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category" was typed into the search box. It furthermore requires that the title of the category page contain the word "spy"; note "intitle:spy" at the beginning of the search term. There are 16 categories with "spy" in the title. Searching for "spy" instead of "intitle:spy" would turn up category pages with "spy" anywhere on the page (of which there are about 500).[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29765.png|frame|center|This Google search restricts results to category pages, since "site:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category" was typed into the search box. It furthermore requires that the title of the category page contain the word "spy"; note "intitle:spy" at the beginning of the search term. There are 16 categories with "spy" in the title. Searching for "spy" instead of "intitle:spy" would turn up category pages with "spy" anywhere on the page (of which there are about 500).]]

External search engines often have options that Wikipedia's search feature lacks, as discussed on [[Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Name of Part of the Book/Name of the Chapter#Section heading|the section about xx]]. When you use an external search engine, you simply restrain your search results to Wikipedia pages and apply any other options you like. If you use Google, for example, you can search just Wikipedia category pages by typing ''site:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category'' in the search box. '''Figure B-1413''' shows how to use this site restriction in Google. This Google search restricts results to category pages, since "site:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category" was typed into the search box. It furthermore requires that the title of the category page contain the word "spy"; note "intitle:spy" at the beginning of the search term. There are 16 categories with "spy" in the title. Searching for "spy" instead of "intitle:spy" would turn up category pages with "spy" anywhere on the page (of which there are about 500).[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29765.png|frame|center|'''Figure B-13''' This Google search restricts results to category pages, since "site:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category" was typed into the search box. It furthermore requires that the title of the category page contain the word "spy"; note "intitle:spy" at the beginning of the search term. There are 16 categories with "spy" in the title. Searching for "spy" instead of "intitle:spy" would turn up category pages with "spy" anywhere on the page (of which there are about 500).]]

You can also use the technique shown in Figure B-14—finding category pages of interest—before you use the category intersection tool CatScan, to avoid having to guess the exact names of categories that you want to use in CatScan.

You can also use the technique shown in Figurethis B-14—findingsection—finding category pages of interest—before you use the category intersection tool CatScanPetScan, to avoid having to guess the exact names of categories that you want to use in CatScan.

=== Other ways of navigating ===

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==== Random article ====

If you want to get a sense of the more than two million articles in the English language, a good way is to use the ''Random article'' feature. On any page on the [http://en.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org] Web site, you find this link at upper-left ('''Figure 22B-114''') that you can click to ask the Wikipedia software to select one of those two million articles for you.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29812.png|frame|right|'''Figure B-14''' On the left side of any Wikipedia page, the navigation box has a "Random article" link. Click again to go elsewhere. Click it 20 or 30 times, and you have a pretty good idea of Wikipedia's wide range of articles.]]

==== What links here ====

When you're on an article page, you may find that another link on the left side of the screen, the first in the box labeled ''toolbox'' (see '''Figure 22B-115''') can also be fun to play with. Click ''What links here'', and you're now looking at a list of incoming links to the article you were just reading.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29837.png|frame|right|'''Figure B-15''' The toolbox on the left of the screen includes a "What links here" link. Click it to see all the Wikipedia pages that link into the page you're on.]]

The list of links may seem random, but it's not—the oldest page (based on when the page was created) is listed first, the youngest page is listed last (and may very well not show on the screen, which normally lists just 50).

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=== Images in Wikipedia articles ===

If you see an image in a Wikipedia article that you'd like to have, just click it. You'll see a new page showing a larger image, as shown in '''Figure B-1716'''.

The file Image:Fujisan from Motohakone.jpg is used in the article ''[[Tokyo]]''. Clicking the thumbnail image in the article shows you this larger image, though not necessarily a full-sized image. Click "fullOriginal resolutionfile" to see the full-sized version. Right-click the full-sized image to save it to your computer. You can also save the image as your new desktop background image.[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29885.png|frame|right|'''Figure B-16''' The file Image[[:File:Fujisan from Motohakone.jpg]] is used in the article ''Tokyo''. Clicking the thumbnail image in the article shows you this larger image, though not necessarily a full-sized image. Click "full resolution" to see the full-sized version. Right-click the full-sized image to save it to your computer. You can also save the image as your new desktop background image.]]

The vast majority of images on Wikipedia are free content—they're in the public ___domain or have Creative Commons licenses, for example. If you come across an image labeled as a "fair use" or "non-free" image (a screenshot of a commercial software program, for example), don't treat it as free content. Don't download it unless you're sure you're not infringing a copyright by doing so.

=== The Commons ===

SeveralA yearslong time ago, the Wikimedia Foundation realized that it didn't make sense to have images stored on language-specific Wikipedias, so it created the Commons ([http://commons.wikimedia.org http://commons.wikimedia.org]) as a central storage area available to all language Wikipedias. Think of it as a stock media site for Wikpedia and other Wikimedia Foundation projects (it has sounds and other media files as well as images). In fact, the image in '''Figure B-1716''' is actually in theon Commons, not the English Wikipedia.

==== Finding pictures in theon Commons ====

Because the Commons is a media storage site, you'll find a table of contents right on its Main Page ('''Figure B-1817'''). With more than 4 million images, you may find something you really like—and it's all free content.

Commons' Main Page offers a number of ways to view its content—by starting with featured pictures, by drilling down through categories, or by choosing a topic area. If you choose a topic, you'll arrive at a category page similar to '''Figure B-4'''.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29909.png|frame|right|'''Figure B-17''' Commons' Main Page offers a number of ways to view its content—by starting with featured pictures, by drilling down through categories, or by choosing a topic area. If you choose a topic, you'll arrive at a category page similar to '''Figure B-4'''.]]

The category intersection tool mentioned [[#Articles in two different categories|earlier in this chapter]] works for Commons as well as Wikipedia.

The Commons' Main Page offers a number of ways to view its content—by starting with featured pictures, by drilling down through categories, or by choosing a topic area. If you choose a topic, you'll arrive at a category page similar to Figure B-5 with one interesting difference—the page has a tab labeled CatScan. Yep—that's the category intersection tool mentioned on [[Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Name of Part of the Book/Name of the Chapter#Section heading|the section about xx]], and it works for the Commons as well as Wikipedia.[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29909.png|frame|right|The Commons' Main Page offers a number of ways to view its content—by starting with featured pictures, by drilling down through categories, or by choosing a topic area. If you choose a topic, you'll arrive at a category page similar to Figure B-5 with one interesting difference—the page has a tab labeled CatScan. Yep—that's the category intersection tool mentioned on [[Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Name of Part of the Book/Name of the Chapter#Section heading|the section about xx]], and it works for the Commons as well as Wikipedia.]]

==== Picture of the day ====

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Wikipedia calls itself "the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit." If you don't think you have anything to add to it, you're wrong—Wikipedia is still far from complete. But you as a reader can help when you see an article with a problem, or if you search for an article and don't find it.

{{WTMM-tip|When you're thinking about fixing or adding to a Wikipedia article, make sure you have reliable sources at your fingertips first, as described onin [[Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/NameEditing, ofcreating, Partand ofmaintaining the Bookarticles/NameDocumenting of theyour sources|Chapter#Section heading|the section about xx2]].}}

=== Articles with problems ===

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:If so, you don't need to post anything; you're done.

:But if you're looking at something that looks like an error message, which starts, "Wikipedia does not have a talk page with this exact title. Before creating this page, please verify that an article called ... ", ''don't worry''—this message means that your question couldn't possibly have been previously asked, because the talk page didn't even exist. You can go on to step 3.

3. Assuming your issue or question is new, click the "+New section" tab at the top of the talk page to start a new comment.

:You're in edit mode, with two boxes where you can type information.

4. Type a brief summary of the issue or question into the "Subject/headline" box at the top of the screen ('''Figure 22B-118''').

:Up to 10 words should be enough.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e29984.png|frame|right|'''Figure B-18''' Here's what the page should look like after step 3: It's ready for you to enter a brief summary ("Possible vandalism" or "Birthplace seems wrong" or whatever) and then, below the summary line, to type in your full comment or question.]]

5. In the main edit box (see '''Figure 22B-119''' again), explain the issue/question. At the end of the last line of your comment, add a couple of spaces and then put four tildes, next to each other (like this: -- <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>).

:The four tildes tell the Wikipedia software to put a signature and date-stamp there. '''Figure 22B-119''' shows an example of a comment after being typed in.

[[File:Wikipedia-The Missing Manual_I_mediaobject_d1e30001.png|frame|right|'''Figure B-19''' Here's what the input screen shown in '''Figure CB-1419''' looks like after someone has entered a section heading (summary) and a comment. It's now ready to be savedpublished.]]

{{WTMM-note|The Wikipedia software records, in the page history, exactly the same information that displays when you add four tildes. So you're not revealing anything by "signing" your comment. If you don't, an automated editor (a ''bot'') does it for you, and that may make it harder for other editors to notice your comment. See [[Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/NameCollaborating ofwith Partother ofeditors/Communicating thewith Book/Nameyour offellow the Chaptereditors#SectionIdentifying headingyourself|the section about xxsignatures]] for more on signatures.}}

6. Click the "SavePublish pagechanges" button (you may have to tab down or scroll down or page down to see it).

:Voilá! You've posted a comment to Wikipedia, thereby contributing to the improvement of an article (or bringing missed vandalism to the attention of other editors).

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=== Missing articles ===

You've searched for an article and didn't find it, even using an outside search engine ([[Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Name of Part of the Book/Name of the Chapter#SectionSearching headingWikipedia|the section about xxsearching]]). Now what? Wikipedia has created a page where you can check to see if someone has already suggested that Wikipedia needs such an article. And that page, [[Wikipedia:Requested articles]], has associated pages where you can add the name of the article as a suggestion if no one else already has.

Unfortunately, this page, and its associated pages, isn't particularly user-friendly for someone unfamiliar with Wikipedia editing. You have to pick the correct general topic area from a list of 10, then a topic area from what can be a long list, and then maybe even go down yet one more level just to see the area of a page where you're supposed to post.

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Finally, when you're at the right area of the page, you have to figure out how to post your suggestion. If all the sections of all the associated pages were consistently formatted, you'd find instructions here on how to post to them—but they're not.

An easier way to suggest to the Wikipedia community that an article is needed is to find a relatively close ''existing'' article, and then, following the steps ondescribed [[Help:Wikipedia:#Articles The Missing Manual/Name of Part of the Book/Name of the Chapter#Sectionwith headingproblems|theearlier sectionin aboutthis xxchapter]], post a note on the article's talk page. When you post, describe the topic that you looked for and couldn't find, and that you'd appreciate it if a more experienced editor added the subject at the [[Wikipedia:Requested articles]] page.

== See also ==

* [[Help:Mobile device]]

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