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Discrete components allow large lumped capacitors to be used thus storing much more energy, but have difficulty replicating the high voltage multiplication ratios and extremely short rise times of spiral transmission line types.
A spiral VIG consists of four alternating conductor-insulator-conductor-insulator sheets, wound into a cylinder, forming a [[capacitor]] also acting as a single-ended [[transmission line]], connected to a [[spark gap]] switch. The capacitor is charged from a power source, e.g. an [[Explosive-driven ferroelectric generator|EDFEG]], then the spark gap fires after its [[breakdown voltage]] is reached. The [[electromagnetic wave]] created by the [[electric spark]] discharge travels along the transmission line, converting [[electrostatic field]] to [[electromagnetic field]], then after reflecting from the open end converts back to electrostatic field. A pulse of output amplitude 2nU (where n is the number of turns of the capacitor and U is the initial voltage it was charged to) and a rise time equal to twice the [[electrical length (transmission medium)|electrical length]] of the transmission line.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/post_prints/pdf/physics_09007dcc80588630.pdf |title=
[[Ferrite (magnet)|Ferrite]]s can be attached to the VIG construction to modify its characteristics, typically lowering the resonant frequency and increasing the efficiency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.findthatpatent.com/Apparatus_and_method_for_generating_high_voltages_using_a_voltage,7151330.html|title=Findthatpatent Resources and Information |website=www.findthatpatent.com}}</ref>
==Applications==
VIGs are advantageous due to their simplicity and the very short pulse [[rise time]]s in range of nanoseconds. Some VIGs can be configured as part of a [[tuned circuit]], acting as [[oscillator]]s with practical upper limit of about 700 MHz, generating energy that can be radiated from a suitable [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]], allowing construction of very simple explosion-generated [[electromagnetic pulse]] generators.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.armysbir.com/Technologies/View.aspx?pk=45430111-708f-463e-8fe1-cf1392a6bf99 | title=Unknown}}{{Dead link | date=January 2024| fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.devileye.net/catalog/rope_fastener/spiral_line_oscillator.html | title = Spiral line oscillator | accessdate = 2011-03-06}}</ref>
The use of VIGs includes [[directed-energy weapon]]s, [[x-ray]] pulse power supplies, [[plasma (physics)|plasma]] generators, etc.
==References==
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