Numerical modeling in echocardiography: Difference between revisions

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'''Numerical manipulation''' of Doppler parameters obtain during routine [[Echocardiography]] has been extensively utilized to non-invasively estimate intra-cardiac pressures, in many cases removing the need for invasive cardiac catheterization.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=3366997 | volume=11 | issue=6 | title=Prediction of the severity of aortic stenosis by Doppler aortic valve area determination: prospective Doppler-catheterization correlation in 100 patients | year=1988 | journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. | pages=1227–34 | doi=10.1016/0735-1097(88)90286-0| last1=Oh | first1=Jae K. | last2=Taliercio | first2=Charles P. | last3=Holmes | first3=David R. | last4=Reeder | first4=Guy S. | last5=Bailey | first5=Kent R. | last6=Seward | first6=James B. | last7=Tajik | first7=A.Jamil | doi-access=free }}</ref>

Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create real-time anatomic images of the [[heart]] and its structures. [[Doppler echocardiography]] utilizes the Doppler principle to estimate intracardiac velocities. Via the modified [[Bernoulli's principle|Bernoulli equation]], velocity is routinely converted to pressure gradient for use in clinical cardiology decision making.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aortic stenosis |url=http://www.wikiecho.org/wiki/Aortic_stenosis |website=WikiEcho |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312182250/http://www.wikiecho.org/wiki/Aortic_stenosis |archive-date=March 12, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

A broad discipline of mathematical modeling of intracardiac velocity parameters for pulmonary circulation and aortic Doppler for [[aortic stenosis]] have been investigated. [[Diastolic heart failure|Diasatolic dysfunction]] algorithms use complex combinations of these numeric models to estimate intra-cardiac filling pressures.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Scalia | first1 = Gregory M. | last2 = Greenberg | first2 = Neil L. | last3 = McCarthy | first3 = Patrick M. | last4 = Thomas | first4 = James D. | last5 = Vandervoort | first5 = Pieter M. | year = 1997 | title = Non-Invasive Assessment of the Ventricular Relaxation Time Constant (?) in Humans by Doppler Echocardiography | url = | journal = Circulation | volume = 95 | issue = 1| pages = 151–5 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.95.1.151| pmid = 8994430 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Scalia | first1 = G.M. | last2 = Burstow | first2 = D.J. | year = 1999 | title = Color M-mode and Doppler-derived tau (?) as practical advances in clinical diastology - the TauCoMM project | url = | journal = Heart, Lung and Circulation | volume = 9 | issue = 3| page = A13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 24054048 | doi=10.1016/j.echo.2013.08.001 | volume=26 | issue=10 | title=Measurement of pulmonary pressures and pulmonary resistance: is Doppler ready for prime time? | date=Oct 2013 | journal=J Am Soc Echocardiogr | pages=1178–9| last1=Sorajja | first1=Paul | last2=Nishimura | first2=Rick A. }}</ref> Shunt defects have been studied using the [[Relative Atrial Index]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kelly | first1 = Natalie F | last2 = Walters | first2 = Darren | last3 = Hourigan | first3 = Lisa | last4 = Burstow | first4 = Darryl J | last5 = Scalia | first5 = Gregory M | year = 2010 | title = The Relative Atrial Index (RAI) – A Novel, Simple, Reliable and Robust Transthoracic Echocardiographic Indicatory of Atrial Defects | url = | journal = J Am Soc Echocardiogr | volume = 23 | issue = 3| pages = 275–81 | doi=10.1016/j.echo.2009.11.014| pmid = 20097528 }}</ref>

==See also==

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== External links ==

* [http://www.echotext.info/ Echocardiography Textbook by Bonita Anderson]

* [http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3005161 Echocardiography (Ultrasound of the heart)]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060814010939/http://www.echoincontext.com/doppler01/doppler01_01.asp Doppler Examination - Introduction]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511193224/http://www.echoincontext.com/doppler01/doppler01_02.asp The Doppler Principle and the Study of Cardiac Flows]

[[Category:Cardiac proceduresimaging]]

[[Category:Medical ultrasonography]]

[[Category:Medical equipment]]

[[Category:Cardiac procedures]]

[[Category:Multidimensional signal processing]]

[[Category:Cardiology]]