Pulverized coal injection method: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Method for improving the performance of a blast furnace}}

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'''Pulverized coal injection''' is a method for improving the performance of a [[blast furnace]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Science, Research and Development|first=Directorate-General|url=http://aei.pitt.edu/44147/1/A7044.pdf|title=Reduction of Ores - Coal injection into the Blast Furnace|publisher=COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES|year=1983|___location=[[Brussels]]}}</ref>

==Background==

[[Iron]] is a mostmetal fundamentalthat metalhas usedfundamentally foraffected athe way of life of human being,beings asever itsince isthe rich[[Iron inAge]]. resourceIt resultingis inrelatively lowabundant price,and can easily be extracted, and easily modified due to its useful material propertyproperties, all of which result in low prices. After anthe [[industrialIndustrial revolutionRevolution]] (18-19th century), iron becomesbecame a core material of industrial marketmarkets, its importance wasreflected referredin tothe phrase “iron is nation”,; its productivityproduction was directly treatedregarded as itsan indication of national power. ThereforeEspecially after the [[World War 2II]], governmentgovernments vigorously supported the growth of an iron industrial market; as a consequence, the actionwhich significantly contributed and influencedto the development of a global economy. ForIron theis variousextracted applicationfrom uses, ironits ore is extracted and [[smeltsmelting|smelted]]ed throughin a uses of metallurgical furnace called a "[[Blast Furnace|blast furnace]]".

BlastThe blast furnace method is consideredexpected to survive forinto anotherthe 22nd century because of its highly efficient rate of iron production rate at competitive costs compared with other iron -making technologymethods. Blast furnace efficiencyfurnaces keep on improving by adapting with newadaptations technologicalarising supportfrom whichnew istechnologies stimulateddriven fromby the accumulatedrising global demand, yet the main chemical process remains the same. But Althoughprocess improvement ofcannot processsolve doesmany notof meanthe solvingproblems forassociated thewith problemblast associatedfurnaces. inThe usesrate of blast furnace. Ironiron production rate is highly influenced fromby worldfluctuations economicsin whichthe variesworld over the timeeconomy, and improvementimproving ofthe operationoperational efficiency canof bethe consideredprocess as oneis of major concernsconcern. from uses of blast furnaceHowever, howeverthe biggest drawback of blast furnace operation is itsthe inevitable [[carbon dioxide]] production from iron reduction processes, which is considered asone of the major contributorcontributors in [[global warming]]. NowadaysAccordingly, the Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) method is becoming an internationally popular method infor improving blast furnace operation.

==Pulverized Coalcoal Injectioninjection method==

Pulverized coal injection (PCI) method has beenwas developed in the 19th century, however the methodbut was not being implemented tillindustrially until the 1970s. RiseRises ofin concernsthe incost increasedof [[coke (fuel)|coke]] cost due to competitionincreased from accumulatedglobal demand and thus more competition for ironthe productionresource andhave limitingmade resources,this method attractedattractive ironto makingthe iron-producing industries and appealedincreased its value.

The PCI method is based on the simple concept thatof primary air (termed asthe "conveying gas") carrycarrying pulverized coal which injected through thea lance into the [[tuyere]] (mid -bottom side inlet of a blast furnace), then mixmixed with secondary hot air (termed asthe "blast") supplied through a blowpipe in the tuyere and then piped to a furnace andto creatingcreate balloona balloon-like cavity called “raceway”a "raceway", which then propagates coal, and coke combustionscombustion and melts the solid iron ore, and reduce it toreleasing molten iron. The most remarkable aspect of thethis method wasis that methodit allows for cheaper coal to be consumed in the system to, replace expensive coke; as a result, itthereby canremarkably cutting remarkablydown saveon costcosts. AlthoughBecause dueof tothe severeextreme environmentheat inside the furnace (>2000K2000 Kelvin), visual observationsobservation of raceway shape and size is impossible, thereforeso numericalremotely methodmeasuring issensors preferredare toused virtuallyto investigate the chemical and physical phenomenonreactions inside the furnace.

Better understanding of racewaythe raceway and PCI method can optimize the performance of a blast furnace and reduce the costcosts. InFurther recentimprovements years,to further improvement ofthe PCI method, and the use of coal blendsblend (mixing multiple different coals) injection methodmethods are strongly attracting industry.

== References ==

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[[Category:Steelmaking]]