Pulverized coal injection method: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Method for improving the performance of a blast furnace}}

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'''Pulverized coal injection''' is a method for improving the performance of a [[blast furnace]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Science, Research and Development|first=Directorate-General|url=http://aei.pitt.edu/44147/1/A7044.pdf|title=Reduction of Ores - Coal injection into the Blast Furnace|publisher=COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES|year=1983|___location=[[Brussels]]}}</ref>

==Background==

[[Iron]] is a mostmetal fundamentalthat metalhas usedfundamentally foraffected athe way of life of human being,beings asever itsince isthe rich[[Iron inAge]]. resourceIt resultingis inrelatively lowabundant price,and can easily be extracted, and easily modified due to its useful material propertyproperties, all of which result in low prices. After anthe [[industrialIndustrial revolutionRevolution]] (18-19th century), iron becomesbecame a core material of industrial marketmarkets, its importance wasreflected referredin tothe phrase “iron is nation”,; its productivityproduction was directly treatedregarded as itsan indication of national power. ThereforeEspecially after the [[World War 2II]], governmentgovernments vigorously supported the growth of an iron industrial market; as a consequence, the actionwhich significantly contributed and influencedto the development of a global economy. ForIron theis variousextracted applicationfrom uses, ironits ore is extracted and [[smeltsmelting|smelted]]ed throughin a uses of metallurgical furnace called a "[[Blast Furnace|blast furnace]]".

BlastThe blast furnace method is consideredexpected to survive forinto anotherthe 22nd century because of its highly efficient rate of iron production rate at competitive costs compared with other iron -making technologymethods. Blast furnace efficiencyfurnaces keep on improving by adapting with newadaptations technologicalarising supportfrom whichnew istechnologies stimulateddriven fromby the accumulatedrising global demand, yet the main chemical process remains the same. But Althoughprocess improvement ofcannot processsolve doesmany notof meanthe solvingproblems forassociated thewith problemblast associatedfurnaces. inThe usesrate of blast furnace. Ironiron production rate is highly influenced fromby worldfluctuations economicsin whichthe variesworld over the timeeconomy, and improvementimproving ofthe operationoperational efficiency canof bethe consideredprocess as oneis of major concernsconcern. from uses of blast furnaceHowever, howeverthe biggest drawback of blast furnace operation is itsthe inevitable [[carbon dioxide]] production from iron reduction processes, which is considered asone of the major contributorcontributors in [[global warming]]. NowadaysAccordingly, the Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) method is becoming an internationally popular method infor improving blast furnace operation.

==Pulverized Coalcoal Injectioninjection method==

Pulverized coal injection (PCI) method was developed in the 19th century, but this method was not implemented tillindustrially until the 1970s. RiseRises in concernsthe duecost to increasedof [[coke (fuel)|coke]] cost due to competitionincreased fromglobal accumulateddemand demandand thus more competition for ironthe productionresource andhave limiting resources,made this method was attractive to the iron making-producing industries and increased its value.

The PCI method is based on the simple concept of primary air (termed asthe "conveying gas") carrying pulverized coal which injected through a lance to the [[tuyere]] (mid -bottom side inlet of a blast furnace), then mixed with secondary hot air (termed asthe "blast") supplied through a blowpipe in the tuyere and then piped to a furnace to create a balloon -like cavity called a “raceway”"raceway", which then propagates coal, and coke combustionscombustion and melts the solid iron ore, and reduces it toreleasing molten iron. The most remarkable propertyaspect of this method wasis that this methodit allows for cheaper coal to be consumed in the system to, replace expensive coke; as a result, it canthereby remarkably cutcutting down on costs. DueBecause toof severethe environmentextreme heat inside the furnace, (>2000K2000 Kelvin), visual observationsobservation of raceway shape and size is impossible, thereforeso sensorsremotely regesteringmeasuring numberssensors are preferredused to investigate the chemical and physical reactions inside the furnace.

Better understanding of the raceway and PCI method can optimize the performance of a blast furnace and reduce its costcosts. InFurther recentimprovements years,to further improvement ofthe PCI method and the use of coal blend (mixing multiple different coals) injection methods are attracting industry.

== References ==

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[[Category:Steelmaking]]