Pulverized coal injection method: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 10:26, 7 May 2011

Latest revision as of 15:36, 24 July 2024

(20 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown)

Line 1:

{{Short description|Method for improving the performance of a blast furnace}}

{{Orphan|date=May 2011}}

{{Multiple issues|

{{UnreferencedMore citations needed|date=AprilMay 20112020}}

{{PoorOne Englishsource|date=AprilMay 20112020}}

}}

'''Pulverized coal injection''' is a method for improving the performance of a [[blast furnace]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Science, Research and Development|first=Directorate-General|url=http://aei.pitt.edu/44147/1/A7044.pdf|title=Reduction of Ores - Coal injection into the Blast Furnace|publisher=COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES|year=1983|___location=[[Brussels]]}}</ref>

==Background==

[[Iron]] is a fundamental metal forthat has fundamentally affected the way of life for mostof human beings, asever itsince isthe abundant,[[Iron whichAge]]. resultsIt inis lowrelatively prices,abundant itand can easily be extracted, and is easily modified due to its useful material propertyproperties, all of which result in low prices. After the [[industrialIndustrial revolutionRevolution]] (18-19th century), iron became a core material of industrial marketmarkets, its importance was referred toreflected in the phrase “iron is nation”,; its productivityproduction was directly treatedregarded as itsan indication of national power. ThereforeEspecially after [[World War 2II]], governments vigorously supported the growth of thean iron industrial market; as a consequence, the actionwhich significantly contributed and influencedto the development of thea global economy. ForIron itsis variousextracted uses,from ironits ore is extracted and [[smeltsmelting|smelted]]ed throughin the use ofa metallurgical furnace called a "[[Blast Furnace|blast furnace]]".

The Blastblast Furnacefurnace method is expected to survive forinto anotherthe 22nd century because of its efficient rate of iron production rate at competitive costs compared with other iron -making methods. Blast furnaces keep on improving bywith adaptingadaptations witharising from new technologies resultingdriven from theby rising global demand, yet the main chemical process remains the same. But process improvement ofcannot processsolve doesmany not mean solvingof the problems associated in uses ofwith blast furnacefurnaces. The rate of Ironiron production is highly influenced by fluctuations in the world economy which varies over the time, and improving the operationsoperational efficiency canof bethe consideredprocess oneis of major concernsconcern. for users of the blast furnaceHowever, however the biggest drawback of blast furnace operation is the inevitable [[carbon dioxide]] production from iron reduction processes, which is considered one of the major contributors in [[global warming]]. NowadaysAccordingly, the Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) method is becoming an internationally popular method for improving blast furnace operation.

==Pulverized Coalcoal Injectioninjection method==

The Blast Furnace method is expected to survive for another century because of its efficient iron production rate at competitive costs with other iron making methods. Blast furnaces keep on improving by adapting with new technologies resulting from the rising global demand, yet the main chemical process remains same. But improvement of process does not mean solving the problems associated in uses of blast furnace. The rate of Iron production is highly influenced by the world economy which varies over the time and improving the operations efficiency can be considered one of major concerns for users of the blast furnace, however the biggest drawback of blast furnace operation is the inevitable [[carbon dioxide]] production from iron reduction processes, which is considered one of the major contributors in [[global warming]]. Nowadays, the Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) method an internationally popular method for improving blast furnace operation.

Pulverized coal injection (PCI) method was developed in the 19th century, but this method was not implemented tillindustrially until the 1970s. RiseRises in concernsthe duecost to increasedof [[coke (fuel)|coke]] cost due to competitionincreased fromglobal accumulateddemand demandand thus more competition for ironthe productionresource andhave limiting resources,made this method was attractive to the iron making-producing industries and increased its value.

==Pulverized Coal Injection method==

The PCI method is based on the simple concept of primary air (termed asthe "conveying gas") carrying pulverized coal which injected through a lance to the [[tuyere]] (mid -bottom side inlet of a blast furnace), then mixed with secondary hot air (termed asthe "blast") supplied through a blowpipe in the tuyere and then piped to a furnace to create a balloon -like cavity called a “raceway”"raceway", which then propagates coal, and coke combustionscombustion and melts the solid iron ore, and reduces it toreleasing molten iron. The most remarkable propertyaspect of this method wasis that this methodit allows for cheaper coal to be consumed in the system to, replace expensive coke; as a result, it canthereby remarkably cutcutting down on costs. DueBecause toof severethe environmentextreme heat inside the furnace, (>2000K2000 Kelvin), visual observationsobservation of raceway shape and size is impossible, thereforeso sensorsremotely regesteringmeasuring numberssensors are preferredused to investigate the chemical and physical reactions inside the furnace.

Pulverized coal injection (PCI) method was developed in 19th century, but this method was not implemented till the 1970s. Rise in concerns due to increased [[coke]] cost due to competition from accumulated demand for iron production and limiting resources, this method was attractive to iron making industries and increased its value.

Better understanding of the raceway and PCI method can optimize the performance of a blast furnace and reduce its costcosts. InFurther recentimprovements years,to further improvement ofthe PCI method and the use of coal blend (mixing multiple different coals) injection methods are attracting industry.

PCI method is based on the simple concept of primary air (termed as conveying gas) carrying pulverized coal through a lance to the [[tuyere]] (mid bottom side inlet of blast furnace), then mixed with secondary hot air (termed as blast) supplied through a blowpipe in tuyere then piped to a furnace to create a balloon like cavity called a “raceway”, which then propagates coal, coke combustions and melts solid iron ore and reduces it to molten iron. The most remarkable property of this method was that this method allows for cheaper coal to be consumed in the system to replace expensive coke; as a result, it can remarkably cut down on costs. Due to severe environment inside the furnace, (>2000K), visual observations of raceway shape and size is impossible, therefore sensors regestering numbers are preferred to investigate the chemical and physical reactions inside the furnace.

== References ==

Better understanding of the raceway and PCI method can optimize the performance of a blast furnace and reduce its cost. In recent years, further improvement of PCI method and the use of coal blend (mixing multiple different coals) injection methods are attracting industry.

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Steelmaking]]

{{Uncategorized|date=April 2011}}