Crowd computing: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Work distributed across Internet to substitute computers}}

{{no footnotes|date=August 2012}}

'''Crowd computing''' is a form of distributed work where tasks that are hard for computers to do, are handled by large numbers of humans distributed across the internet.

'''Crowd computing''' Is an overarching term which defines the myriad tools that enable idea sharing, non-hierarchical decision making and the full utilization of the world’s massive [[cognitive surplus]]. Examples of these tools (many falling under the Web2.0 umbrella) include collaboration packages, crowdsourcing platforms, information sharing software, such as Microsoft’s [[SharePoint]], wikis, blogs, alerting systems, [[social network]]s, SMS, MMS, [[Twitter]], [[Flickr]], and even mashups. Business and society in general increasingly rely on the combined intelligence, knowledge, bandwidth and life experiences of the “crowd” to improve processes, make decisions, identify solutions to complex problems and monitor changes in consumer taste.

It is an overarching term encompassing tools that enable idea sharing, non-hierarchical decision making and utilization of "[[cognitive surplus]]" - the ability of the world’s population to collaborate on large, sometimes global projects.<ref>Shirky, Clay. TED Talk June 2010 http://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cognitive_surplus_will_change_the_world.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226143403/http://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cognitive_surplus_will_change_the_world.html |date=2014-02-26 }}</ref> Crowd computing combines elements of [[crowdsourcing]], [[automation]], [[distributed computing]], and [[machine learning]].

An early example of crowd computing was the discovery of a gold deposit ___location at the Moribund Red Lake Mine in [[Northern Ontario]]. Using all available data, the company, Goldcorp, Inc. had been unable to identify the ___location of new deposits on their land. In desperation, the CEO put all relevant geological data on the web and created a contest, open to anyone in the world. An obscure firm in Australia used their software and algorithms to crack the puzzle. As a result, the company found an additional 8 million ounces of gold at the mine. The only cost was the nominal [[prize money]] awarded.

Prof. Rob Miller of MIT further defines crowd computing as “harnessing the power of people out in the web to do tasks that are hard for individual users or computers to do alone. Like cloud computing, crowd computing offers elastic, on-demand human resources that can drive new applications and new ways of thinking about technology.” <ref>Miller, Rob. Microsoft research talk, June 19, 2013; http://research.microsoft.com/apps/video/default.aspx?id=194501</ref>

==History==

The practice predates the internet. At the end of the 18th century, the British Royal Astronomers distributed spreadsheets by mail, asking the crowd to help them create maps of the stars and the seas. In the United States during the 1930s, when the government employed hundreds of “human computers” to work on the WPA and the Manhattan Project. <ref>Popper, Ben (17 April 2012). "Crowd computing taps artificial intelligence to revolutionize the power of our collective brains". Venture Beat. Retrieved 8 June 2012</ref>

The modern day microchip made using large crowds for mechanical computation less attractive in the second half of the twentieth century. However, as the volume of data online grew, it became clear to companies like Amazon and Google that there were some things humans were simply better at doing than machines.<ref name="Popper, Ben 2012">Popper, Ben (17 April 2012). "Crowd computing taps artificial intelligence to revolutionize the power of our collective brains". Venture Beat. Retrieved 8 June 2012.</ref>

==See also==

* [[Citizen science|Citizen Science]]

* [[Crowdsourcing]]

* [[Decentralized computing]]

* [[Distributed computing]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

== Further reading==

* Brown, Eric J. and William A. Yarberry, Jr. (2009). The Effective CIO. Boca Raton: [[Taylor and Francis|Taylor & Francis]].

* Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age (2010) - {{ISBN |978-1-59420-253-7}}

* {{cite web|last=Hurley Hall|first=Sharon|title=Startup to Watch: Crowd Control|url=http://www.podiumventures.com/blog/13-featured/430-startup-to-watch-crowd-control|publisher=Podium Ventures|accessdate=8 June 2012}}

* {{cite news|last=Popper|first=Ben|title=Crowd computing taps artificial intelligence to revolutionize the power of our collective brains|url=http://venturebeat.com/2012/04/17/crowdcontrol-ai-crowdsourcing-crowdcomputing-mechanical-turk/|accessdate=8 June 2012|newspaper=Venture Beat|date=17 April 2012}}

* Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age (2010) - ISBN 978-1-59420-253-7

* Surowiecki, J. (2005). [[The Wisdom of Crowds]]. New York: [[Random House]], Inc.

[[Category:Crowdsourcing]]

[[Category:Social networks]]

Geert is baas

PS. Ryan ook

PPS. Steffan niet