Flutter (electronics and communication): Difference between revisions

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{{wiktionary|flutter}}

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In structural terms, '''flutter''' refers to an [[Aeroelasticity|aeroelastic]] phenomenon where [[aerodynamic]] forces couple with a structure's [[natural frequency|natural]] mode of [[vibration]] to produce rapid [[periodic motion]]. Aeroelastic Flutter is self-starting with [[positive feedback]] between the structure's [[Vibration#Types of vibration|free vibration]] and the [[aerodynamic]] forces, this results in large amplitudes and can lead to rapid failure. Because of this, structures exposed to aerodynamic forces - such as aerofoils, chimneys and bridges - are normally carefully designed to avoid aeroelastic flutter.

In the field of [[electronics]] and [[communication]], '''flutter''' is the rapid [[variation]] of [[Signalling (telecommunication)|signal]] parameters, such as [[amplitude]], [[Phase (waves)|phase]], and [[frequency]].

Examples of electronic flutter are:

*Rapid variations in received signal levels, such as variations that may be caused by [[atmospheric]] disturbances, [[antenna (electronics)|antenna]] movements in a [[high wind]], or interaction with other signals.

*In [[radio propagation]], a phenomenon in which nearly all radio signals that are usually reflected by ionospheric layers in or above the E-region experience partial or complete [[Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorption]].

*In radio [[transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]], rapidly changing signal levels, together with variable [[multipath]] [[time]] delays, caused by [[Reflection (physics)|reflection]] and possible partial absorption of the signal by aircraft flying through the [[radio beam]] or common scatter volume.

*The variation in the transmission characteristics of a loaded [[telephone]] [[telecommunication circuit|circuit]] caused by the action of telegraph direct currents on the [[loading]] coils.

*In recording and reproducing equipment, the deviation of [[frequency]] caused by irregular mechanical motion, ''e.g.,'' that of capstan angular velocity in a tape transport mechanism, during operation.

In the field of [[electronics]] and [[communication]], '''flutter''' is the rapid [[:wikt:variation|variation]] of [[Signalling (telecommunication)|signal]] parameters, such as [[amplitude]], [[Phase (waves)|phase]], and [[frequency]]. Examples of electronic flutter are:

*Rapid variations in received signal levels, such as variations that may be caused by [[atmospheric]] disturbances, [[antenna (electronics)|antenna]] movements in a [[high wind]], or interaction with other signals.

*In [[radio propagation]], a phenomenon in which nearly all radio signals that are usually reflected by [[ionospheric layerslayer]]s in or above the E-region experience partial or complete [[Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorption]].

*In radio [[transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]], rapidly changing signal levels, together with variable [[Multipath propagation|multipath]] [[time]] delays, caused by [[Reflection (physics)|reflection]] and possible partial absorption of the signal by aircraft flying through the [[radio beam]] or common scatter volume.

*The variation in the transmission characteristics of a loaded [[telephone]] [[telecommunication circuit|circuitline]] caused by the action of telegraph direct currents on the [[Electrical load|loading]] coils.

*In recording and reproducing equipment, the deviation of [[frequency]] caused by irregular mechanical motion, ''e.g.,'' that of [[Capstan (tape recorder)|capstan]] angular velocity in a tape transport mechanism, during operation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wow & Flutter|url=https://www.soundonsound.com/glossary/wow-flutter|website=Sound On Sound|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rogjohns|first=Hugh|title=Celemony Capstan: Wow & Flutter Removal Software|url=https://www.soundonsound.com/reviews/celemony-capstan|website=Sound On Sound|publisher=SOS Publications Group|date=August 2012|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref>

==See also==

''Electronic Flutter''

* [[Wow (recording)]]

* [[Wow and flutter measurement]]

==References==

*{{FS1037C MS188Reflist}}

{{FS1037C MS188}}

[[Category:Radio frequency propagation]]

[[ja:フラッター現象]]

[[pl:Flatter]]