Help:IPA/Slovak: Difference between revisions

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{{IPA key|H:IPA-SK}}

The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Slovak language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|[[Template:IPA-sk}}]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See [[Slovak phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Slovak.

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|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|b}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|'''b'''yť}}, {{lang|sk|vstu'''p''' do}}<ref name="voiced">Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes {{IPA|/b, d, dʑɟ, dz, dʐ, ɡ, z, ʐ/}}, {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|b}}, {{IPAplink|d}}, {{IPAplink|dʑɟ}}, {{IPAplink|dz}}, {{IPAplink|dʐ}}, {{IPAplink|ɡ}}, {{IPAplink|z}}, {{IPAplink|ʐ}}]}} also occur as allophones of {{IPA|/p, t, tɕc, ts, tʂ, k, s, ʂ/}} before the voiced obstruents {{IPA|/b, d, ɡ, dʑɟ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/}}. {{IPA|/f/}} and {{IPA|/x/}} are also voiced in this environment, to {{IPAblink|v}} and {{IPAblink|ɣ}}.</ref>

| '''''b'''ill''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|dʑc}}</big>{{sfnp|Pavlík|2004|pp=99,106}}

| {{lang|sk|rados'''ť'''}}, {{lang|sk|lo'''ď'''}}<ref name="voiceless">Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes {{IPA|/k, p, s, ʂ, t, tɕc, ts, tʂ/}}, {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|k}}, {{IPAplink|p}}, {{IPAplink|s}}, {{IPAplink|ʂ}}, {{IPAplink|t}}, {{IPAplink|tɕc}}, {{IPAplink|ts}}, {{IPAplink|tʂ}}]}} also occur as word-final allophones of {{IPA|/ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, dʑɟ, dz, dʐ/}} unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents {{IPA|/b, d, ɡ, dʑɟ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/}} and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ɡ}}, {{IPAplink|b}}, {{IPAplink|z}}, {{IPAplink|ʐ}}, {{IPAplink|d}}, {{IPAplink|dʑɟ}}, {{IPAplink|dz}}, {{IPAplink|dʐ}}]}}.</ref>

| ''s'''t'''ew''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|d}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|'''d'''omov}}, {{lang|sk|prvýkrá'''t''' bolo}}<ref name="voiced"/>

| '''''d'''oor''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|dʑ}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|'''ď'''aleko}}, {{lang|sk|by'''ť''' zaradený}}<ref name="voiced"/>

| '''''d'''ew''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|f}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|'''f'''arba}}, {{lang|sk|'''v'''ták}}<ref name="v">The phones transcribed {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|f}}, {{IPAplink|v}}, {{IPAplink|ʋ}}, {{IPAplink|w}}]}} are allophones of a single {{IPA|/v/}} phoneme (but note that {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|f}}, {{IPAplink|v}}]}} are also allophones of the {{IPA|/f/}} phoneme):<br/>• {{IPAblink|f}} occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents {{IPA|/p, t, tɕc, k, tʂ, s, ʂ, x/}};<br/>• {{IPAblink|v}} occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents {{IPA|/b, d, dʑɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/}};<br/>• {{IPAblink|w}} or {{IPAblink|ʋ}} (in our transcriptions always represented as {{IPAblink|w}}) occur in the syllable [[Syllable#Coda|coda]];<br/>• {{IPAblink|ʋ}} occurs in all other cases ({{Harvcoltxt|Hanulíková|Hamann|2010|p=374}}).</ref>

| '''''f'''ocus''

|-

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| {{lang|sk|'''j'''ogurt}}

| '''''y'''ellow''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|tɕɟ}}</big>{{sfnp|Pavlík|2004|pp=99,106}}

| {{lang|sk|'''ď'''aleko}}, {{lang|sk|by'''ť''' zaradený}}<ref name="voiced"/>

| '''''d'''ew''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|k}}</big>

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| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|ɾ|r}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|'''r'''obot}}

| rowspan="2" | [[American English|US]] ''a'''t'''om''

| ''ho'''tt'''est'' (US)

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA|r̩}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|p'''r'''st}}

| [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''pe'''rr'''o''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|r̩|r̩ː}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|v'''ŕ'''ba}}

| [[Spanish ''language|Spanish]] {{lang|es|pe'''rr'''o'', but longer}}

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|s}}</big>

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| {{lang|sk|'''t'''ulipán}}, {{lang|sk|hla'''d'''}}<ref name="voiceless"/>

| ''s'''t'''and''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|tɕ}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|rados'''ť'''}}, {{lang|sk|lo'''ď'''}}<ref name="voiceless">Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes {{IPA|/k, p, s, ʂ, t, tɕ, ts, tʂ/}}, {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|k}}, {{IPAplink|p}}, {{IPAplink|s}}, {{IPAplink|ʂ}}, {{IPAplink|t}}, {{IPAplink|tɕ}}, {{IPAplink|ts}}, {{IPAplink|tʂ}}]}} also occur as word-final allophones of {{IPA|/ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, dʑ, dz, dʐ/}} unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents {{IPA|/b, d, ɡ, dʑ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/}} and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ɡ}}, {{IPAplink|b}}, {{IPAplink|z}}, {{IPAplink|ʐ}}, {{IPAplink|d}}, {{IPAplink|dʑ}}, {{IPAplink|dz}}, {{IPAplink|dʐ}}]}}.</ref>

| ''s'''t'''ew''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|ts}}</big>

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| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|x}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|'''ch'''lieb}}, {{lang|sk|sne'''h'''}}

| [[Scottish English|Scottish]] ''lo'''ch''''' (Scottish)

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|z}}</big>

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| align="center" |<big>{{IPA link|ɣ}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|vr'''h''' guľou}}<ref name="voiced"/>

| betweenSpanish ''ami'''g'''ot'' and '''''h'''oto''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|ɱ}}</big>

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| style="vertical-align:top;" |

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em;"

! colspan="3" | [[Vowel]]s<ref>In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs {{IPA|/ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪʊɪu, ʊɔ/}} count as long vowels.</ref>

|-

! [[Help:IPA|IPA]]

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| {{lang|sk|r'''á'''no}}

| ''f'''a'''ther''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA|ɛɐ}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|m'''ä'''so}}<ref>{{IPA|/[ɛɐ/]}} often merges with {{IPA|/e/}}. In phonology, it behaves likeis a shortphonological vowelmonophthong, and for that reason it is sometimesusually transcribed with {{angbr IPA|æ}} in phonemic transcription. However, for speakers that distinguish it from {{IPA|/e/}}, it is clearly an opening diphthong {{Harvcol|Pavlík|2004|p=94}}.</ref>

| American ''th'''a'''n''; [[German language|German]] {{lang|de|H'''er'''z}}

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|e̞|e}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|dr'''e'''vo}}

| Traditionaltraditional [[Received Pronunciation|RP]] ''l'''e'''ft''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|i̞|i}}</big>

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| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|u̞|uː}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|'''ú'''roda}}

| ''f'''oo'''dl''

|-

! colspan="3" | Marginal monophthongs

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| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|e̞|eː}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|f'''é'''n}}

| Traditional[[Indian RPEnglish|Indian]] ''bm'''eai'''d''

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔː}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|m'''ó'''da}}

| RP ''dl'''oaw'''g''

|-

! colspan="3" | [[Diphthong]]s

|-

| align="center" | <big>{{IPA|ɛɐ}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|m'''ä'''so}}<ref>{{IPA|/ɛɐ/}} often merges with {{IPA|/e/}}. In phonology, it behaves like a short vowel, and for that reason it is sometimes transcribed with {{angbr IPA|æ}}. However, for speakers that distinguish it from {{IPA|/e/}}, it is clearly an opening diphthong {{Harvcol|Pavlík|2004|p=94}}.</ref>

| a brief {{IPAblink|ɛ}} followed by a brief {{IPAblink|ɐ}}, like [[German language|German]] {{lang|de|H'''er'''z}} (when pronounced {{IPA|[hɛɐts]}})<!-- Do not use the IPA-de template as it links to Help:IPA/Standard German, which tells editors to transcribe "Herz" as [hɛʁts], with a consonantal /r/ -->

|-

| align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɪɐ}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|p'''ia'''ty}}

| roughly like '''''ya'''p'', rather than; German ''{{lang|de|W'''ir'''t''}}

|-

| align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɪe}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|v'''ie'''ra}}

| roughly like '''''ye'''s''

|-

| align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʊɔ}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|st'''ô'''l}}

| roughly like '''''wa'''rrior''

|-

! colspan="3" | Marginal diphthongs

|-

| align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɪʊɪu}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|vyšš'''iu'''}}

| ''ho'''ttu'''estse'' (US)

| {{IPAblink|j}} followed by {{IPAblink|ʊ}}, roughly like '''''u'''se'', rather than ''n'''ew''''' in [[Welsh English]]

|-

| colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;

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| align="center" |<big>{{IPA link|ˈ}}</big>

| {{lang|sk|Revúca}} {{IPA|[ˈreʋuːtsa]}}

| Primaryprimary [[Stress (linguistics)|stress]] (always fallsfalling on the first syllable of a word.)

|-

| align="center" |<big>{{IPA link|.}}</big>

| {{example neededlang|date=Octobersk|Mária}} 2021{{IPA|[ˈmaːri.a]}} <ref>Syllable breaks are indicated only in the case of the sequences {{IPA|[i.a]}}, {{IPA|[i.e]}} and {{IPA|[i.u]}}, which occur in loanwords and are spelled the same as the native diphthongs {{IPA|[ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪʊɪu]}}. In the case of other [[vowel hiatus|hiatuses]]es, the syllable break is omitted.</ref>

| [[Syllabificationsyllabification]]

|}

|}

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|last=Pavlík

|first=Radoslav

|year=2004

|title=Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda

|journal=Jazykovedný časopis

|trans-journal=The Linguistic Journal

|volume=55

|title=Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda

|pages=87–109

|trans-title=Slovak Speech Sounds and the International Phonetic Alphabet

|issue=55/2

|editor1-last=Bosák

|editor1-first=Ján

|editor2-last=Petrufová

|editor2-first=Magdaléna

|year=2004

|pages=87–10987-109

|language=sk

|publisher=Slovak Academic Press, spol. s r. o.

|___location=Bratislava

|issn=00215597

|url=http://www.juls.savba.sk/ediela/jc/2004/2/jc2004_2.pdf

}}

* {{citation

| title = Jazyková poradňa : Ako správne skloňovať cudzie vlastné mená Merliah a Kylie?

| url = https://jazykovaporadna.sme.sk/q/2113/

| publisher = Petit Press

| place = Bratislava

| language = sk

}}

{{refend}}

==See also==

*{{clc|Pages with Slovak IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}