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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox programming language
| name = RPL
| logo =
| paradigm = [[
| year = 1984<!-- development start --> (1986<!-- first products using it -->)
| designer = [[Hewlett-Packard]]
| developer =
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}}
[[File:HP48G.jpg | thumb | 220x124px | right | HP 48G calculator, uses RPL ]]
'''RPL'''{{ref|rpl_acronym_note_1}} is a [[calculator|handheld calculator]] operating system and application [[programming language]] used on [[Hewlett-Packard]]'s scientific graphing [[Reverse Polish Notation|RPN]] (Reverse Polish Notation) calculators of the [[HP-28 series|HP 28]], [[HP 48 series|48]], [[HP 49 series|49]] and [[HP 50g|50]] series, but it is also usable on non-RPN calculators, such as the [[HP 38G|38]], [[HP 39/40 series|39 and 40]] series.▼
▲'''RPL'''{{ref|rpl_acronym_note_1}} is a [[calculator|handheld calculator]] operating system and application [[programming language]] used on [[Hewlett-Packard]]'s scientific graphing [[Reverse Polish Notation|RPN]] (Reverse Polish Notation) calculators of the [[HP-28 series|HP 28]], [[HP 48 series|48]], [[HP 49 series|49]] and [[HP 50g|50]] series, but it is also usable on non-RPN calculators, such as the [[HP 38G|38]], [[HP 39/40 series|39 and 40]] series. Internally, it was also utilized by the [[HP-17B|17B]], [[HP-18C|18C]], [[HP-19B|19B]] and [[HP-27S|27S]].<ref name="RPLMAN"/>
RPL is a [[structured programming]] language based on RPN, but equally capable of processing [[infix notation|algebraic]] expressions and formulae, implemented as a [[threaded code|threaded interpreter]].<ref name="RPL3"/> RPL has many similarities to [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]], both languages being [[stack-oriented programming language|stack]]-based, as well as the list-based [[LISP]]. Contrary to previous HP RPN calculators, which had a fixed [[4-level RPN|four-level stack]], the [[dynamic RPN stack|dynamic stack]] used by RPL is only limited by available [[random-access memory|RAM]], with the calculator displaying an error message when running out of memory rather than silently dropping arguments off the stack as in fixed-sized RPN stacks.<ref name="Wessman_2016"/>
RPL originated from HP's [[Corvallis, Oregon]] development facility in 1984 as a replacement for the previous practice of implementing the [[operating systems]] of calculators in [[assembly language]].<ref name="RPLMAN"/> The first calculator utilizing it internally was the HP-18C and the first calculator making it available to users was the HP-28C, both from 1986.<ref name="Wickes_1987"/><ref name="RPLMAN"/> The last pocket calculator supporting RPL, the HP 50g, was discontinued in 2015.<ref name="Kuperus_2015_1"/><ref name="Kuperus_2015_2"/><ref name="Wessman_2015"/> However,<!-- an [[Mobile app|app]] is available for [[Android (operating system)|Android]], go49gp[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=o2s.emul.hp49gp&hl=en_US], which emulates the HP 49g+/50g and will run RPL programs. --> multiple emulators that can emulate HP's RPL calculators exist that run on a range of operating systems, and devices, including iOS and Android smartphones. {{anchor|newRPL|DB48X}}There are also a number of community projects to recreate and extend RPL on newer calculators, like [[newRPL]]<ref name="Lapilli_2014_1"/><ref name="Lapilli_2021"/> or [[DB48X]],<ref name="deDinechin_2022"/><ref name="deDinechin_2023"/> which may add features or improve performance.<ref name="Lapilli_2014_2"/>
==Variants==
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Postfix conditional testing may be accomplished by using the IFT ("if-then") and IFTE ("if-then-else") functions.
IFT and IFTE pop two or three commands off the stack, respectively. The topmost value is evaluated as a
The following example uses the IFT function to pop an object from the bottom of the stack and, if it is equal to 1, replaces it with "One":
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==References==
{{
<ref name="Joy_2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/showthread.php?mode=linear&tid=15509&pid=135732 |title=The Joy of Programming? |publisher=Museum of HP Calculators |date=2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203131528/https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/showthread.php?mode=linear&tid=15509&pid=135732 |archive-date=2021-12-03}}</ref>
<ref name="HP_4">http://h41268.www4.hp.com/live/index_e.aspx?qid=20709&jumpid=va_r11363_us/en/any/tsg/pl_ot_ob_ds_pd/calculatoremulators_cc/dt{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
<ref name="HP_7">http://www.calculatrices-hp.com/index.php?page=emulateurs<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20170917223308/http://www.calculatrices-hp.com/index.php?page=emulateurs --></ref>
<ref name="HP_5">{{cite web |url=http://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-4405-post-39600.html |title=Emulator of HP 50g with #2.16 ROM}}</ref>
<ref name="HP_6">http://www.calculatrices-hp.com/uploads/emulateurs/HP50gVirtualCalculatorSetup_3_1_30.zip<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20170917095533/http://www.calculatrices-hp.com/uploads/emulateurs/HP50gVirtualCalculatorSetup_3_1_30.zip --></ref>
<ref name="HPJ38">{{cite journal |title=Computation for Handheld Calculators |author-last=Patton |author-first=Charles M. |journal=[[Hewlett-Packard Journal]] |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard Company]] |___location=Palo Alto, California, USA |date=August 1987 |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=21–25 |url=http://www.hpl.hp.com/hpjournal/pdfs/IssuePDFs/1987-08.pdf |access-date=2015-09-12 |archive-date=2011-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206105511/http://www.hpl.hp.com/hpjournal/pdfs/IssuePDFs/1987-08.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Wickes_1988">{{cite conference |title=RPL: A Mathematical<!-- also seen as: "Mathematics". Check actual publication's cover. --> Control Language |author-last=Wickes |author-first=William C. |editor-first=Lawrence P. |editor-last=Forsely |date=1988-10-01 |orig-date=14–18 June 1988 |conference=Proceedings of the 1988 Rochester Forth Conference: Programming Environments |volume=8 |publisher=Institute for Applied Forth Research, Inc., [[University of Rochester]] |___location=Rochester, New York, USA |isbn=978-0-91459308-9 |oclc=839704944
<ref name="Schoorl_2000">{{cite web |title=HP48 Frequently Asked Questions List |author-first=André |author-last=Schoorl |date=2000-04-04 |pages=69 <!-- date=2015 |editor-first=Eric |editor-last=Rechlin | --> |publisher=HP Calculator Archive |orig-date=1997 |url=http://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/docs/faq/48faq-pdf.zip |access-date=2015-09-12}}</ref>
<ref name="FAQ48">{{cite web |title=I've heard the names RPL, Saturn, STAR, GL etc... What are they? - RPL |work=FAQ: 2 of 4 - Hardware, Programs, and Programming |id=8.1. |publisher=comp.sys.hp48 |date=2000-04-14 |version=4.62 |url=http://www.faqs.org/faqs/hp/hp48-faq/part2/ |access-date=2015-09-12}}</ref>
<ref name="Nelson_2012">{{cite journal |title=HP RPN Evolves |author-first=Richard J. |author-last=Nelson |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard]] |journal=HP Solve |issue=27 |date=2012-04-04 |pages=30–32 |url=http://h20331.www2.hp.com/hpsub/downloads/HP_Calculator_eNL_04_April_2012%20(2).pdf |access-date=2015-09-12}}</ref>
<ref name="Jedrzejowicz_1996">{{cite book |title=A Guide to HP Handheld Calculators and Computers |author-first=Włodzimierz "Włodek"
<ref name="HP_2007">{{cite web |title=HP Celebrates 35 Years of Handheld Calculator Innovation |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.]] |date=2007 |url=http://h20331.www2.hp.com/Hpsub/cache/457008-0-0-225-121.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317053857/http://h20331.www2.hp.com/Hpsub/cache/457008-0-0-225-121.html |archive-date=2007-03-17 |access-date=2015-09-13 |quote=1987: [[HP-28C]]: First full RPL calculator: In the late 1980s, HP developed a new programming language for its new series of extremely powerful calculators. By combining elements of RPN, [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]] and [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]], HP came up with a language called RPL (or ROM-based Procedural Language).}}</ref>
<ref name="RPL3">{{cite web |title=What is RPL? |author-first=Joseph K. |author-last=Horn |url=http://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/docs/programming/rpl3.txt |access-date=2017-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917221524/http://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/docs/programming/rpl3.txt |archive-date=2017-09-17}}</ref>
<ref name="RPLMAN">{{cite web |title=RPLMan from Goodies Disk 4 |author=Hewlett-Packard |author-link=Hewlett-Packard |format=RPLMAN.ZIP |url=http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=1743<!-- http://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/docs/programming/rplman.zip--> |access-date=2015-09-12}}</ref>
<ref name="Wickes_1991">{{cite web |title=RPL stands for Reverse Polish Lisp |author-first=William C. |author-last=Wickes |publisher=www.hpcalc.org |date=1991-03-11 |url=http://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/docs/programming/rpl.txt |access-date=2015-09-12 |quote=RPL stands for Reverse Polish Lisp. In the early days of RPL development, we got tired of calling the unnamed system "the new system", and one of the development team came up with "RPL", both as a play on "RPN" which has been the loved/hated hallmark of HP calcs forever, and as an accurate indication of the derivation of the language from [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]] and [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]].<br />RPL was never particularly intended to be a public term; at the time of the [[HP Journal]] article (August 1987) on the [[HP-28 series|HP 28C]] there was an attempt to create a less whimsical name--hence "ROM-based procedural language", which preserved the initials but had a more dignified sound. The development team never calls it anything but (the initials) RPL. You can choose either of the two full-word versions that you prefer. Or how about "Rich People's Language?" Bill Wickes, HP Corvallis.}}</ref>
<ref name="Kuperus_2015_1">{{cite web |title=HP 50g: End of an era |author-first=Klaas |author-last=Kuperus |publisher=Moravia |date=2015-03-04 |url=http://forum.hp-prime.de/discussion/787/hp-50g-end-of-an-era |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112232/http://forum.hp-prime.de/discussion/787/hp-50g-end-of-an-era |archive-date=2015-04-02}}</ref>
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<ref name="Wessman_2015">{{cite web |title=Windows 10 won't allow HP 50g USB drivers to be installed |author-first=Timothy "Tim" James |author-last=Wessman |work=MoHPC - The Museum of HP Calculators |date=2015-12-26 |url=http://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-5386-post-48114.html#pid48114 |access-date=2016-01-01}}</ref>
<ref name="Wessman_2016">{{cite web |title=What to do with stack overflow OBJ->/LIST->? |author-first=Timothy "Tim" James |author-last=Wessman |date=2016-06-21 |orig-date=2016-06-20 |work=MoHPC - The Museum of HP Calculators |url=https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/printthread.php?tid=6436 |access-date=2023-09-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924101041/https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/printthread.php?tid=6436 |archive-date=2023-09-24}}</ref>
<ref name="deDinechin_2022">{{cite web |title=DB48X on DM42 - RPL runtime for the DM42 calculator, in the spirit of HP48/49/50 |author-first=Christophe |author-last=de Dinechin |author-link=Christophe de Dinechin |work=DB48X |date=2022 |url=https://github.com/c3d/DB48X-on-DM42 |access-date=2023-10-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103035417/https://github.com/c3d/DB48X-on-DM42 |archive-date=2023-11-03}}</ref>
<ref name="Lapilli_2014_2">{{cite web |title=N-Queens on 50g (RPL language) |author-first=Claudio Daniel |author-last=Lapilli |work=MoHPC - The Museum of HP Calculators |date=2014-10-31 |url=https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-2368-post-20947.html?highlight=newRPL#pid20947 |access-date=2023-10-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103034655/https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-2368-post-20947.html?highlight=newRPL#pid20947 |archive-date=2023-11-03}}</ref>
<ref name="Lapilli_2021">{{cite web |title=newRPL Documentation Project |author-first=Claudio Daniel |author-last=Lapilli |work=newRPL |date=2021-07-23 |orig-date=2014 |url=https://newrpl.wiki.hpgcc3.org/doku.php |access-date=2023-10-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103034753/https://newrpl.wiki.hpgcc3.org/doku.php |archive-date=2023-11-03}}</ref>
}}
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* {{cite book |title=Programming in System RPL |author-first1=Eduardo de Mattos |author-last1=Kalinowski |author-first2=Carsten |author-last2=Dominik |date=2002-04-24 |edition=2 |orig-date=1998-07-12 |url=http://isa.umh.es/calc/progsysrpl.pdf |access-date=2016-08-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114100225/http://isa.umh.es/calc/progsysrpl.pdf |archive-date=2016-01-14}} (Older version: [http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=1758<!-- 2000-03-29 -->])
* {{cite book |title=An Introduction to HP 48 System RPL and Assembly Language Programming |author-first=James |author-last=Donnelly |editor-first=Eric |editor-last=Rechlin |date=2009-03-01 |url=http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=7114 |access-date=2015-09-07}}
▲* {{cite journal |title=The HP-28C: An Insider's Perspective |author-first=William C. |author-last=Wickes |journal=HPX Exchange |volume=1 |number=1 |date=January–February 1987}}
==External links==
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* {{cite web |title=RPL |author-first=David G. |author-last=Hicks |date=2013 |orig-date=1995 |publisher=The Museum of HP Calculators (MoHPC) |url=http://www.hpmuseum.org/rpl.htm |access-date=2015-09-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930193241/https://www.hpmuseum.org/rpl.htm |archive-date=2023-09-30}}
* {{anchor|RPL/2}}{{cite web |title=RPL/2 - a new Reverse Polish Lisp |author-first=Joël |author-last=Bertrand |date=2015 |orig-date=2009 |url=http://www.rpl2.net |access-date=2015-09-12}} (a GPL licensed RPL clone)
▲* {{anchor|newRPL}}{{cite web |title=newRPL |author-first=Claudio Daniel |author-last=Lapilli |date=2014-01-03 |url=http://hpgcc3.org/projects/newrpl |access-date=2015-09-12}} [https://newrpl.wiki.hpgcc3.org/doku.php?id=start] (an open source RPL derivative for the [[HP 50g]] and [[HP 49g+]], the [[HP 40gs]], [[HP 39gs]] and [[hp 39g+]]<!-- http://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-8290.html --> as well as the [[HP Prime]])
* {{anchor|rpn}}{{cite web |title=rpn - opensource implementation of RPL |author-first=Louis |author-last=Rubet |website=[[GitHub]] |date=2017-07-01 |url=https://github.com/louisrubet/rpn |access-date=2015-09-12}} (Open source implementation of RPL with arbitrary precision)
* {{anchor|MyRPL}}{{cite web |title=MyRPL - Union between HP41 and HP48 languages |author-first=Alvaro Gerardo |author-last=Suárez |date=2018-05-01 |url=https://sim41.webcindario.com |access-date=2018-05-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003185922/https://sim41.webcindario.com/ |archive-date=2023-10-03}} (Mixed RPL (HP48) and FOCAL (HP41) language)
▲* {{anchor|DB48X}}{{cite web |title=Reviving Reverse Polish Lisp - Building an open-source HP48-like calculator |author-first=Christophe |author-last=de Dinechin |author-link=Christophe de Dinechin |date=2023-02-03<!-- /04 --> |work=[[FOSDEM]] |url=https://archive.fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/reversepolishlisp/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003174447/https://archive.fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/reversepolishlisp/ |archive-date=2023-10-03}} (NB. An improve derivatite of RPL called DB48X for the [[SwissMicros]] [[DM42]] and [[DM32]].)
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