Digital Control Bus: Difference between revisions

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[[File:DCB interface.jpg|thumb|DCB Interface]]

'''DCB''' ('''Digital Control Bus''', '''Digital Connection Bus'''<ref>{{cite book

|title = Analog Synthesizers: Understanding, Performing, Buying

|url = https://archive.org/details/analogsynthesize00jenk

|url-access = limited

|first = Mark

|last = Jenkins

|isbn = 978-0-240-52072-68

|___location = Amsterdam; Boston; London

|publisher = Elsevier/Focal Press

|year = 2007

|page = [https://archive.org/details/analogsynthesize00jenk/page/n105 91]}}</ref> or '''Digital Communication Bus'''<ref name="russ">{{cite book

|title = Sound Synthesis and Sampling

|first = Martin

Line 18 ⟶ 21:

|first = Ikutarō

|last = Kakehashi

|author2 = Olsen, RoberRobert

|publisher = Hal Leonard Corporation

|year = 2002

|isbn = 978-0-634-03783-2

|page = [https://archive.org/details/ibelieveinmusicl00kake/page/n232 197]

|page = 197

|url-access = registration

}}</ref> in some sources) was a proprietary data interchange interface by [[Roland Corporation]].<ref name="ikutaro"/> It was introduced in 1980 with the [[Roland TR-808]], followed by other Roland equipment, including the CR-8000, [[TR-606]], [[TB-303]], EP-6060,<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IbtJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT72&lpg=PT72&dq=%22mark+vail%22+808&source=bl&ots=dOOpEyQGfI&sig=nPF6yAIeQlupw3Pw0Drg6LE34r4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwir3b7qhsfRAhUFJcAKHfSNCyMQ6AEIHzAB#v=onepage&q=%22mark%20vail%22%20808&f=false|title=Keyboard Presents the Evolution of Electronic Dance Music|last=Kirn|first=Peter|date=|publisher=Backbeat Books|year=2011|isbn=978-1-61713-446-3|___location=|pages=|language=en|quote=|via=}}</ref> [[Jupiter-8]], and [[Roland Juno-60|Juno-60]].<ref name="ikutaro"/> It uses [[DIN sync]] connectors, and DCB functions were basically the same as [[MIDI]], which it was the basis for.<ref name=":15"/> Unlike MIDI (which is capable of transmitting a wide array of information), DCB could provide note on/off, program change and vcf/vca control only. DCB-to-MIDI adapters were produced for a number of early Roland products. The DCB interface was made in 2 variants, the earlier one used 20-pin sockets and cables, later switching to the 14-pin Amphenol DDK connector vaguely resembling a [[IEEE 1284|parallel port]].

|url = https://archive.org/details/ibelieveinmusicl00kake

}}</ref> in some sources) was a proprietary [[data exchange|data interchange]] interface by [[Roland Corporation]]., developed in 1981<ref name="ikutaro"/> It wasand introduced in 19801982 within thetheir [[Roland TRJuno-80860]], followed by other Roland equipment, including the CR-8000,and [[TR-606]],Roland [[TB-303]], EP-6060,<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IbtJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT72&lpg=PT72&dq=%22mark+vail%22+808&source=bl&ots=dOOpEyQGfI&sig=nPF6yAIeQlupw3Pw0Drg6LE34r4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwir3b7qhsfRAhUFJcAKHfSNCyMQ6AEIHzAB#v=onepage&q=%22mark%20vail%22%20808&f=false|title=Keyboard Presents the Evolution of Electronic Dance Music|last=Kirn|first=Peter|date=|publisher=Backbeat Books|year=2011|isbn=978-1-61713-446-3|___location=|pages=|language=en|quote=|via=}}</ref> [[Jupiter-8]], and [[Roland Juno-60|Juno-60]]products.<ref name="ikutaro"/> It uses [[DIN sync]] connectors, and DCB functions were basically the same as [[MIDI]], which it was the basis for.<ref name=":15"/>but Unlikeunlike MIDI (which is capable of transmitting a wide array of information), DCB could provide note on/off, program change and vcfVCF/vcaVCA control only. DCB-to-MIDI adapters were produced for a number of early Roland products. The DCB interface was made in 2 variants, the earlier one used 20-pin sockets and cables, later switching to the 14-pin Amphenol DDK connector vaguely resembling a [[IEEE 1284|parallel port]].

== Supporting equipment ==

{{See also|DIN sync}}

[[File:DCB_USB_Adapter.jpg|thumb|USB MIDI DCB adapter created by Valpower]]

DCB was quickly replaced by MIDI in the early 1980s which Roland helped co-develop with Sequential Circuits.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.midi.org/midi-articles/midi-history-chapter-6-midi-is-born-1980-1983 | title=MIDI History:Chapter 6-MIDI is Born 1980-1983 | access-date=2022-05-24 | archive-date=2020-04-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405161144/https://www.midi.org/articles-old/midi-history-chapter-6-midi-is-born-1980-1983 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The only DCB-equipped instruments produced were the Roland [[Roland Jupiter-8|Jupiter-8]] and [[Roland Juno-60|JunoJUNO-60]];<ref name="russ"/> Roland produced at least two DCB sequencers, the [[Roland JSQ-60|JSQ-60]] and the [[Roland MSQ-700|MSQ-700]]. The latter was capable of saving eight sequences, or a total of 3000 notes, and was capable of transmitting and receiving data via MIDI (though it could not convert signals between DCB and MIDI, nor could it use both protocols simultaneously). Roland later released the MD-8,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/synthmanual-roland-md-8-owners-manual | title=Roland MD-8 Owner's Manual }}</ref> a rather large black box capable of converting MIDI signals to DCB and ''vice versa''. While this allows note on/off to be sent to a JunoJUNO-60 by MIDI, the solution pales in comparison to the full MIDI implementation on the JunoJUNO-60's successor, the [[Roland Juno-106]]. A few other companies offer similar conversion boxes to connect DCB instruments to regular MIDI systems for the support of vintage synthssynthesizers in modern sound production environments; one of the more fully-featured devices being the Kenton PRO-DCB Mk3 which has some bi-directional control limited to a few parameters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kentonuk.com/product/pro-dcb-mk3/ | title=PRO-DCB Mk3 }}</ref>

== Implementation ==

Following information comes from the Roland Juno JUNO-60 Service Notes, First Edition, page 17-1917–19.

=== Physical connection ===

Line 56 ⟶ 61:

14. VCO-1

These are not used in the Juno JUNO-60.

==== Pinout ====

Line 66 ⟶ 71:

=== Serial data ===

The DCB is a standard asynchronous serial stream (using an 8251A IC in the Juno JUNO-60), LSB first, 8 data bits, 2 stop bits, odd parity, and a Baud rate of 31.25&nbsp;kHz.

=== Message (Block) Structure) ===

DCB data is sent in short blocks messages consisting of an identifier, one or more data codes, and an end mark. Blocks may be sent intermittently (JP-8, OP-8) or continuously (Juno JUNO-60), in which case end marks are not used.

{| class="wikitable"

Line 79 ⟶ 84:

|}

Identifier is 1 byte using a value F1 through FE, which acts as both a start marker and a message type. Data which follows must not use these data bytes. In practice only FD (patch code) and FE (key code) are used.

Data codes are one or more sections or channels, each one byte. The number of bytes or channels depends on the transmitter's configuration, but doesn't change once communication has been started. All data values must be in the range 00-F0.

Line 86 ⟶ 91:

=== FD: Patch Code Block ===

This message identifies a patch, by a single byte. Juno JUNO-60 ignores this. It is sent once after a patch change, with the first key code by OP-8 and JP-8. It does not have an end mark.

=== FE: Key Code ===

This message identifies a key event. It contains one byte for each note channel the transmitter supports - so it is 8 bytes long for JP-8 and OP-8, or 6 bytes for Juno JUNO-60.

Each channel byte defines a key number (bits 0-60–6) and whether the key is gated on (1) or off (bit 7).

Keys are identified with 0-960–96 with zero meaning C0 (16.4&nbsp;Hz), up to 96 C8 (4205&nbsp;Hz).

Channels are assigned in the order defined by the transmitter's key assign mode.

For OP-8, this is Ch1 - Ch8.

Line 97 ⟶ 102:

JP-8 dual mode, the data for the first 4 channels is duplicated to the second 4.

If the JunoJUNO-60 receives more channels than it physically has voices, the extra channels are "queued" and played later when possible. Whereas the JP-8 only accepts 8 channels.

== References ==