Net protein utilization: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Percentage of ingested nitrogen that is retained in the body}}

The '''net protein utilization''', or '''NPU''', is the percentage of ingested nitrogen that is retained in the body. It is used to determine the nutritional efficiency of protein in the diet,<ref name=EFSA2012>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein: Dietary Reference Values for protein |journal=EFSA Journal |date=February 2012 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=2557 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2557}}</ref>{{rp|p=11}} that is, it is used as a measure of "protein quality" for human nutritional purposes.<ref>[https://labdoor.com/article/protein-quality-the-4-most-important-metrics Protein Quality–The 4 Most Important Metrics]</ref>

The '''net protein utilization''' ('''NPU''') is the percentage of ingested [[nitrogen]] that is retained in the body.

==Rating==

The '''net protein utilization''', or '''NPU''', is the percentage of ingested nitrogen that is retained in the body. It is used to determine the nutritional efficiency of protein in the diet,<ref name=EFSA2012>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein: Dietary Reference Values for protein |journal=EFSA Journal |date=February 2012 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=2557 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2557|s2cid=139100064 |hdl=2434/257730 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|p=11}} that is, it is used as a measure of "protein quality" for human nutritional purposes.<ref>[https://labdoor.com/article/protein-quality-the-4-most-important-metrics Protein Quality–The 4 Most Important Metrics]</ref>

As a value, NPU can range from 0 to 1 (or 100), with a value of 1 (or 100) indicating 100% utilization of dietary nitrogen as protein and a value of 0 an indication that none of the nitrogen supplied was converted to protein.

Certain foodstuffs, such as [[Eggegg (food)|egg]]s or [[milk]], rate as 1 on an NPU chart.

Experimentally, this value can be determined by determining [[diet (nutrition)|diet]]ary protein intake and then measuring [[nitrogen]] [[excretion]]. One formula for apparent NPU is:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Blackburn |first1=GL |last2=Bistrian |first2=BR |last3=Maini |first3=BS |last4=Schlamm |first4=HT |last5=Smith |first5=MF |title=Nutritional and metabolic assessment of the hospitalized patient. |journal=JPEN. Journal of parenteralParenteral and enteralEnteral nutritionNutrition |date=1977 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=11-2211–22 |doi=10.1177/014860717700100101 |pmid=98649}}</ref>

:NPU = {0.16 × (24 hour protein intake in grams)} - {(24 hour urinary [[urea]] nitrogen) + 2} - {0.1 × ([[ideal body weight]] in kilograms)} / {0.16 × (24 hour protein intake in grams)}

NPU and [[biological value]] (BV) both measure nitrogen retention; the difference is that biological value is calculated from nitrogen absorbed, whereas net protein utilization is from nitrogen ingested.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hoffman |first1=JR |last2=Falvo |first2=MJ |title=Protein - Which is Best? |journal=Journal of sportsSports scienceScience & medicineMedicine |date=September 2004 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=118-30118–30 |pmid=24482589|pmc=3905294 }}</ref> Another closely related quantity is the net postprandial protein utilization (NPPU), which is the maximum potential NPU of a dietary protein source under ideal conditions.<ref name=EFSA2012 />{{rp|p=12}}

The [[Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score]] (PDCAAS) is a more modern rating for determining protein quality, and the current ranking standard used by the FDA.

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==References==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Amino acids]]