Open Source Enterprise: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|US Government organisation}}

''''''{{distinguish|Open Source Initiative}}{{advert|date=January 2017}}

The '''Open Source Enterprise''' ('''OSE''') is a [[Federal government of the United States|United States Government]] organization dedicated to [[open-source intelligence]]. thatInitially waspart establishedof bythe [[AssistantOffice Deputyof the [[Director of National Intelligence]], forit Openis Source]]now (ADDNI/OS),part [[Eliotof A.the Jardines]].Directorate Theyof provideDigital materialInnovation toat the [[NationalCentral TechnicalIntelligence Information ServiceAgency]] (NTISCIA). andFormer otheriterations governmentof the officialsorganization throughwere the onlineOpen newsSource serviceCenter [[World(OSC) Newsand Connection]]the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS).

== History ==

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In issuing its July 2004 report, the [[9/11 Commission]] recommended the creation of an open source intelligence agency, but without further detail or comment.<ref>See page 413 of the [http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_FM.pdf 9-11 Commission Report (pdf)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705012031/http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_FM.pdf|date=2007-07-05}}.</ref> Subsequently, the [[Iraq Intelligence Commission|WMD Commission]] (also known as the Robb-Silberman Commission) report in March 2005 recommended the creation of an Open Source Directorate at the [[CIA]].

Following these recommendations, in November 2005 the [[United States Director of National Intelligence|Director of National Intelligence]] announced the creation of the DNI Open Source Center. The Center was established to collect information available from "the Internet, databases, press, radio, television, video, geospatial data, photos and commercial imagery."<ref>Office of the Director of National Intelligence. "[http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20051108_release.htm ODNI Announces Establishment of Open Source Center] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623072458/http://dni.gov/press_releases/20051108_release.htm|date=2006-06-23}}". Press release, 8 November 2005.</ref> In addition to collecting openly available information, it would train analysts to make better use of this information. Central to the establishment of the new organization was Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Open Source (ADDNI/OS), [[Eliot A. Jardines]]. The OSC absorbed the CIA's previously existing [[Foreign Broadcast Information Service]] (FBIS), originally established in 1941, with FBIS head [[Douglas Naquin]] named as director of the Center.<ref>Ensor, David. "[http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/08/sr.tues/ The Situation Report: Open source intelligence center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070325142701/http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/08/sr.tues/|date=2007-03-25}}". ''CNN'', 8 November 2005.</ref>

In response to the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] and START Treaty, FBIS was tasked with monitoring for clandestine and encoded messages from all nations and coordinating broadcast media contact points who could instantly broadcast urgent messages on "All Channels" and "All Calls" and mutually receive messages in all languages and codings from any foreign broadcast station. This task continues despite the Open Source Center's [[Director of National Intelligence|DNI]] reorganization.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

On October 1, 2015, the OSC changed its name to Open Source Enterprise and was absorbed into the CIA's Directorate of Digital Innovation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 28, 2015|title=Open Source Center (OSC) Becomes Open Source Enterprise (OSE)|url=https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2015/10/osc-ose/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120070023/https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2015/10/osc-ose/|archive-date=November 20, 2019|access-date=May 13, 2020|website=Federation of American Scientists}}</ref> On December 21, 2022, Randy Nixon was appointed as director of OSE, previously serving as the Director of Digital Futures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CIA Appoints Randy Nixon Director for Open Source Enterprise |url=https://www.meritalk.com/articles/cia-appoints-randy-nixon-director-for-open-source-enterprise/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=www.meritalk.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

The OSC is located in the [[Reston Town Center]] development in Reston, Virginia, in the former headquarters of the FBIS.<ref name="dnc">{{cite web|title=High-Tech, Secure & Laboratory Environments|url=http://www.dncarch.com/portfolio/hightech.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729013251/http://www.dncarch.com/portfolio/hightech.htm|archive-date=2013-07-29|access-date=April 4, 2013|publisher=DNC Architects}}</ref><ref name="cira">{{citation|author=Doug Naquin|title=Remarks by Doug Naquin, Director, Open Source Center|url=https://fas.org/irp/eprint/naquin.pdf|work=CIRA Newsletter|volume=32|issue=4|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517064814/http://www.fas.org/irp/eprint/naquin.pdf|publisher=Central Intelligence Retirees' Association|access-date=April 5, 2013|archive-date=May 17, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The construction of the facility sparked some controversy in Reston, a planned community, due to the presence of a chained linked and barbed wire fence surrounding the buildings. In the late 1980s, the CIA agreed to install a more aesthetically pleasing fence around the buildings.<ref name="wapo">{{cite news|date=July 20, 1989|title=CIA Scraps Plan for More Reston Offices|page=V15|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/07/20/cia-scraps-plan-for-more-reston-offices/15fd6ba2-b4e3-48bd-8577-a8fa45207d5f/|url-status=live|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314040202/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/07/20/cia-scraps-plan-for-more-reston-offices/15fd6ba2-b4e3-48bd-8577-a8fa45207d5f/|archive-date=March 14, 2016}}</ref>

==Services==

On October 1, 2015, the OSC changed its name to Open Source Enterprise and was absorbed into the CIA's Directorate of Digital Innovation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 28, 2015|title=Open Source Center (OSC) Becomes Open Source Enterprise (OSE)|url=https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2015/10/osc-ose/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120070023/https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2015/10/osc-ose/|archive-date=November 20, 2019|access-date=May 13, 2020|website=Federation of American Scientists}}</ref>

OSE provides material to the [[National Technical Information Service]] (NTIS) and other government officials through the online news service [[World News Connection]].

==Facilities==

As of December 2016, Open Source Enterprise operates a facility at [[Caversham Park]] alongside the UK's equivalent open-source intelligence service, [[BBC Monitoring]]. In an information-sharing collaboration at Caversham, BBC Monitoring handles media from 25% of the world while Open Source handles the remaining 75%. There are plans to move Monitoring's headquarters elsewhere, possibly impacting this cooperation.<ref name="BBC Defence">[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38372067 BBC Monitoring: MPs raise fears over service's future]</ref>

The OSCheadquarters of OSE is located in the [[Reston Town Center]] development in Reston, Virginia, in the former headquarters of the FBIS.<ref name="dnc">{{cite web|title=High-Tech, Secure & Laboratory Environments|url=http://www.dncarch.com/portfolio/hightech.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729013251/http://www.dncarch.com/portfolio/hightech.htm|archive-date=2013-07-29|access-date=April 4, 2013|publisher=DNC Architects}}</ref><ref name="cira">{{citation|author=Doug Naquin|title=Remarks by Doug Naquin, Director, Open Source Center|url=https://fas.org/irp/eprint/naquin.pdf|work=CIRA Newsletter|volume=32|issue=4|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517064814/http://www.fas.org/irp/eprint/naquin.pdf|publisher=Central Intelligence Retirees' Association|access-date=April 5, 2013|archive-date=May 17, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The construction of the facility sparked some controversy in Reston, a [[planned community]], due to the presence of a chained linked and barbed wire fence surrounding the buildings. In the late 1980s, the CIA agreed to install a more aesthetically pleasing fence around the buildings.<ref name="wapo">{{cite news|date=July 20, 1989|title=CIA Scraps Plan for More Reston Offices|page=V15|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/07/20/cia-scraps-plan-for-more-reston-offices/15fd6ba2-b4e3-48bd-8577-a8fa45207d5f/|url-status=live|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314040202/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/07/20/cia-scraps-plan-for-more-reston-offices/15fd6ba2-b4e3-48bd-8577-a8fa45207d5f/|archive-date=March 14, 2016}}</ref>

The House of Commons Foreign Affairs and Defence Committees have strongly condemned the gradual scaling down of BBC Monitoring's capabilities in two separate reports.<ref name="BBC Monitoring scaling down">[https://medium.com/@jonathanmarks/open-source-stupidity-the-threat-to-the-bbc-monitoring-service-deaaa9a393b4#.vt3i2b4pg Open Source Stupidity: The Threat to the BBC Monitoring Service]</ref>

From 1943 until 2017, OSE operated a facility at [[Caversham Park]] alongside the UK's equivalent open-source intelligence service, [[BBC Monitoring]]. In an information-sharing collaboration at Caversham, BBC Monitoring handled media from 25% of the world while Open Source handled the remaining 75%.<ref name="BBC Defence">{{Cite news |date=2016-12-20 |title=BBC Monitoring: MPs raise fears over service's future |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38372067 |access-date=2023-08-04}}</ref> The division was closed in October 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/99ede9cc-b582-11e7-aa26-bb002965bce8|title=US to close CIA division's UK intelligence monitoring unit|date=20 October 2017|last=Bond|first=David|work=Financial Times|accessdate=29 March 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==

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{{United States intelligence agencies}}

{{Authority control}}

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[[fr:Open Source Center]]

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[[Category:Open-source intelligence in the United States]]