Open Source Enterprise: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|US Government organisation}}

{{distinguish|Open Source Initiative}}

The '''Open Source Enterprise''' ('''OSE''') is a [[Federal government of the United States|United States Government]] organization dedicated to [[open-source intelligence]]. thatInitially waspart establishedof bythe [[AssistantOffice Deputyof the [[Director of National Intelligence]], forit Openis Source]]now (ADDNI/OS),part of the Directorate of Digital Innovation at the [[EliotCentral A.Intelligence JardinesAgency]] (CIA). Former iterations of the organization were the Open Source Center (OSC) and the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS).

==Purposes History ==

In the fall of November 1992, [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[David Boren]], then Chairman of the [[Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]], sponsored the National Security Act of 1992, attempting to achieve modest reform in the [[U.S. Intelligence Community]]. His counterpart on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence was [[Dave McCurdy|Congressman Dave McCurdy]]. The House version of the legislation included a separate Open Source Office, at the suggestion of Larry Prior, a Marine Reservist with [[Marine Corps Intelligence Command]] experience then serving on the [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]] staff.

According to the [[Director of National Intelligence]]'s publication entitled, "National Open Source Enterprise" which was released in April, 2006:

The [[Aspin-Brown Commission]] stated in 1996 that US access to open sources was "severely deficient" and that this should be a "top priority" for both funding and [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|DCI]] attention.

===Mission===

The mission of ADDNI/OS is "To enable all intelligence disciplines to provide timely, relevant and value-added insight to consumers via the National Open Source Enterprise.

In issuing its July 2004 report, the [[9/11 Commission]] recommended the creation of an open source intelligence agency, but without further detail or comment.<ref>See page 413 of the [http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_FM.pdf 9-11 Commission Report (pdf)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705012031/http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_FM.pdf|date=2007-07-05}}.</ref> Subsequently, the [[Iraq Intelligence Commission|WMD Commission]] (also known as the Robb-Silberman Commission) report in March 2005 recommended the creation of an Open Source Directorate at the [[CIA]].

===Vision===

The vision of ADDNI/OS is "[[Open source]]s are routinely exploited in all intelligence disciplines, facilitated by innovative experts - but with every officer open source capable. Supporting technology is interoperable, and the availability of information resources is maximized by strong public-private relationships, information sharing best practices, and an agile requirements process."

Following these recommendations, in November 2005 the [[United States Director of National Intelligence|Director of National Intelligence]] announced the creation of the DNI Open Source Center. The Center was established to collect information available from "the Internet, databases, press, radio, television, video, geospatial data, photos and commercial imagery."<ref>Office of the Director of National Intelligence. "[http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20051108_release.htm ODNI Announces Establishment of Open Source Center] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623072458/http://dni.gov/press_releases/20051108_release.htm|date=2006-06-23}}". Press release, 8 November 2005.</ref> In addition to collecting openly available information, it would train analysts to make better use of this information. Central to the establishment of the new organization was Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Open Source (ADDNI/OS), [[Eliot A. Jardines]]. The OSC absorbed the CIA's previously existing [[Foreign Broadcast Information Service]] (FBIS), originally established in 1941, with FBIS head [[Douglas Naquin]] named as director of the Center.<ref>Ensor, David. "[http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/08/sr.tues/ The Situation Report: Open source intelligence center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070325142701/http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/08/sr.tues/|date=2007-03-25}}". ''CNN'', 8 November 2005.</ref>

===Values===

The values of ADDNI/OS are:

*Agility - the ability to respond quickly and effectively to any challenge or opportunity.

*Gestalt - the enterprise we build is greater than the sum of its parts.

*Excellence - in all our actions and activities - providing unparalleled support.

In response to the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] and START Treaty, FBIS was tasked with monitoring for clandestine and encoded messages from all nations and coordinating broadcast media contact points who could instantly broadcast urgent messages on "All Channels" and "All Calls" and mutually receive messages in all languages and codings from any foreign broadcast station. This task continues despite the Open Source Center's [[Director of National Intelligence|DNI]] reorganization.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

==Goals==

The ADDNI/OS established five goals for the National Open Source Enterprise:

On October 1, 2015, the OSC changed its name to Open Source Enterprise and was absorbed into the CIA's Directorate of Digital Innovation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 28, 2015|title=Open Source Center (OSC) Becomes Open Source Enterprise (OSE)|url=https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2015/10/osc-ose/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120070023/https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2015/10/osc-ose/|archive-date=November 20, 2019|access-date=May 13, 2020|website=Federation of American Scientists}}</ref> On December 21, 2022, Randy Nixon was appointed as director of OSE, previously serving as the Director of Digital Futures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CIA Appoints Randy Nixon Director for Open Source Enterprise |url=https://www.meritalk.com/articles/cia-appoints-randy-nixon-director-for-open-source-enterprise/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=www.meritalk.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

# Source of First Resort. [[Open source]] is the source of first resort for all disciplines and the precursor for clandestine and technical collection.

# Guild. Our people are empowered by a guild of experts who champion the use of open sources, by universal training in open source exploitation, and by embedding open sources in the work of all disciplines.

==Services==

# Global Input. Global input ensures the broadest range of information with relevant sourcing background is accessible to all consumers.

OSE provides material to the [[National Technical Information Service]] (NTIS) and other government officials through the online news service [[World News Connection]].

# Single Architecture. A single open source architecture provides optimum access to information - acquired once and shared with all.

# Open Source Works. A robust [[Skunk Works]]-like capability anticipates and capitalizes on emerging opportunities driving innovation in tradecraft, analysis and technology.<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b4/NationalOpenSourceEnterprise.pdf "National Open Source Entreprise Vision Statement"] May 2006</ref>

==Facilities==

As of December 2016, Open Source Enterprise operates a facility at [[Caversham Park]] alongside the UK's equivalent open-source intelligence service, [[BBC Monitoring]]. In an information-sharing collaboration at Caversham, BBC Monitoring handles media from 25% of the world while Open Source handles the remaining 75%. There are plans to move Monitoring's headquarters elsewhere, possibly impacting this cooperation.<ref name="BBC Defence">[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38372067 BBC Monitoring: MPs raise fears over service's future]</ref>

The headquarters of OSE is located in the [[Reston Town Center]] development in Reston, Virginia, in the former headquarters of the FBIS.<ref name="dnc">{{cite web|title=High-Tech, Secure & Laboratory Environments|url=http://www.dncarch.com/portfolio/hightech.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729013251/http://www.dncarch.com/portfolio/hightech.htm|archive-date=2013-07-29|access-date=April 4, 2013|publisher=DNC Architects}}</ref><ref name="cira">{{citation|author=Doug Naquin|title=Remarks by Doug Naquin, Director, Open Source Center|url=https://fas.org/irp/eprint/naquin.pdf|work=CIRA Newsletter|volume=32|issue=4|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517064814/http://www.fas.org/irp/eprint/naquin.pdf|publisher=Central Intelligence Retirees' Association|access-date=April 5, 2013|archive-date=May 17, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The construction of the facility sparked some controversy in Reston, a [[planned community]], due to the presence of a chained linked and barbed wire fence surrounding the buildings. In the late 1980s, the CIA agreed to install a more aesthetically pleasing fence around the buildings.<ref name="wapo">{{cite news|date=July 20, 1989|title=CIA Scraps Plan for More Reston Offices|page=V15|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/07/20/cia-scraps-plan-for-more-reston-offices/15fd6ba2-b4e3-48bd-8577-a8fa45207d5f/|url-status=live|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314040202/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/07/20/cia-scraps-plan-for-more-reston-offices/15fd6ba2-b4e3-48bd-8577-a8fa45207d5f/|archive-date=March 14, 2016}}</ref>

The House of Commons Foreign Affairs and Defence Committees have strongly condemned the gradual scaling down of BBC Monitoring's capabilities in two separate reports.<ref name="BBC Monitoring scaling down">[https://medium.com/@jonathanmarks/open-source-stupidity-the-threat-to-the-bbc-monitoring-service-deaaa9a393b4#.vt3i2b4pg Open Source Stupidity: The Threat to the BBC Monitoring Service]</ref>

From 1943 until 2017, OSE operated a facility at [[Caversham Park]] alongside the UK's equivalent open-source intelligence service, [[BBC Monitoring]]. In an information-sharing collaboration at Caversham, BBC Monitoring handled media from 25% of the world while Open Source handled the remaining 75%.<ref name="BBC Defence">{{Cite news |date=2016-12-20 |title=BBC Monitoring: MPs raise fears over service's future |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38372067 |access-date=2023-08-04}}</ref> The division was closed in October 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/99ede9cc-b582-11e7-aa26-bb002965bce8|title=US to close CIA division's UK intelligence monitoring unit|date=20 October 2017|last=Bond|first=David|work=Financial Times|accessdate=29 March 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Open Source Intelligence]]

* [[Foreign Broadcast Information Service]]

==Sources and notes==

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==Further reading==

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060729031708/http://cramer.house.gov/NR/rdonlyres/3EAFE37C-6754-4970-AC55-40FAEA29FFFA/0/IntelAssessment_FinalReport.pdf Initial Assessment on the Implementation of The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004]

{{United States intelligence agencies}}

{{Authority control}}

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[[fr:Open Source Center]]

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[[Category:Open-source intelligence in the United States]]

[[Category:Central Intelligence Agency]]