Overdevelopment: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Concept in international economics, associated with overconsumption's downsides}}

{{about|the general concept of economic overdevelopment|the effects of land use overdevelopment|land use|the effects of excessive urban land use|urban sprawl}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}In [[international economics]], '''overdevelopment''' refers to a way of seeing [[global inequality]] and [[pollution]] that focuses on the negative consequences of [[overconsumption|excessive consumption]]. It exists asis the mutuallyopposite constitutive counterpartextreme to the more commonly known concept of '[[underdevelopment]]'.

In mainstream [[development theory]], the existence'underdevelopment' of 'underdeveloped' states, regions or cultures is seen as a problem that needs to be solved. States, regions, culturesPopulations and peopleeconomies are considered 'underdeveloped' in thatif they do not adhereachieve tothe idealslevels of wealth through the [[rationalityindustrialisation]], associated with the [[SocialIndustrial progress|progressRevolution]], and the ideals of education, rationality, and [[modernity]] that are associated with the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]. In contrast, the framework of overdevelopment shifts the focus to the 'developed' countries of the [[North–South divide in the World|global North]], asking "questions about why excessive consumption amongst the affluent is not also seen foremost as an issue of development".<ref name="power">[http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~courses/PoliticalScience/357B1/documents/MarcusPowerAntiRacismDeconstructionOverdevelopment.pdf Power, Marcus, "Anti-racism, deconstruction and 'overdevelopment' ", ''Progress in Development Studies'', 2006; 6; p. 27]</ref>

By questioning how and why uneveneconomic development is producedunevenly indistributed around the world, one can evaluate the global North's role and responsibility as “overdevelopers” in producing global inequality. According to various surveys, consumptionthe isWestern seeminglyconsumer notlifestyle fails to makingmake people notably happy, butwhile rathercausing increasingincreasingly the West'sdire [[ecological footprint|ecological degradation]].<ref>Barkin, Samuel J. "Trade, Sustainable Development and the Environment", ''Global Environmental Politics'' 3:4, November 2003</ref> Overdevelopment hasis a hugecrucial impactfactor onfor the environment, the social realm, [[human rights]], and the [[World economy|global economy]]. {{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}

==Origins==

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Excessive consumption causes negative environmental impacts in both 'overdeveloped' and 'underdeveloped' regions. "Findings indicate that there are significant differences across countries of the world in the consumption quality of life of its citizens. Using the [[Human Development Index]], which is composed of longevity, knowledge, and standard of living, data reveal that lives worsen from west to east, with the worst conditions in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, environmental damage estimates, as determined by the EDI composite developed specifically for this investigation, demonstrate that wealthier nations create [[environmental degradation]] that is consistent with their higher consumption patterns rather than their absolute numbers."<ref>Hill, Ronald Paul, Peterson, Robert M., Dhanda, Kanwalroop Kathy, "Global Consumption and Distributive Justice: A Rawlsian Perspective", ''Human Rights Quarterly'' 23 (2001) 171–187, 2001.</ref>

===Post Colonialcolonial===

The legacy of [[colonialism]] can be said to play a role in why overdevelopment has been largely unconsidered due to the "almost exclusive focus on 'underdevelopment' and the underdeveloped world that has characterized development studies and associated disciplines for so long needs".<ref name="power"/>

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Indigenous movements such as the [[Aloha ʻAina]] movement and the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]] movement, often have their own concepts of development, overdevelopment, and [[sustainability]]. Their versions of these concepts overlap with those of environmental activism, but differ in many important ways, many of which relate to the ideal interrelation of humans and environment in the particular places in question.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}

== See also ==

* [[Degrowth]]

==References==