Open data in France: Difference between revisions

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[[Online and offline|Online]] access to legal information was implemented in France in 1999<ref>{{Citation|title=Arrêté du 6 juillet 1999 relatif à la création du site Internet Légifrance|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000396399&categorieLien=id|accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> and complemented in 2002.<ref>{{Citation|title=Décret n° 2002-1064 du 7 août 2002 relatif au service public de la diffusion du droit par l'internet|date=7 August 2002|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000413818&categorieLien=id|accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> In that regard, France has been at the forefront of Open Data in Europe.

Civic groups like Wikimedia France, Open Street MapOpenStreetMap France, Libertic or Regards Citoyens had been lobbying for Open Data for many years before public administrations took action.

Amongst public administrations, some cities pioneered the change: Rennes, then Paris thanks to the decision taken by the municipal council on June 8, 2010 relative to the publication of public data and the "Paris Data" portal made public on January 27, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://opendata.paris.fr/page/home/|title=Open Data Paris|website=opendata.paris.fr|access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref>

The inter-ministerial Task Force "[[:{{ill|Etalab|fr:Etalab]]}}", under the authority of the Prime Minister, is in charge of creating and updating the portal for public Open Data [http://www.data.gouv.fr/en/ data.gouv.fr] , which has been made available since December 5, 2011 and hosts more than 19,000 datasets.

The role of Chief Data Officer in the French public administration was created by decree of September 16, 2014.<ref>{{Citation|title=Décret n° 2014-1050 du 16 septembre 2014 instituant un administrateur général des données|date=16 September 2014|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000029463482&dateTexte=&oldAction=dernierJO&categorieLien=id|accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> The Chief Data Officer's attributions were specified so that "He/she may request from administrations that they hand over the inventory of the data they produce, receive, or collect. He/she shall hand in to the Prime Minister a yearly report on the inventory, the governance, the production, the dissemination and the use of data by administrations. Finally, he/she is authorized to conduct experimentations on the use of data, to reinforce the efficiency of public policies, to contribute to a better management of public spending and resources, and to improve the quality of public services provided to citizens." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/the-government-creates-and-shapes-the-role-of-its-chief-data-officer-cdo|title=The government creates and shapes the role of its Chief Data Officer (CDO) {{!}} Le blog de la mission Etalab|website=www.etalab.gouv.fr|access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref>

The Open Data Barometer, a project of the Web Foundation, had France ranked 10th in 2013, 4th in 2014 and 2d in 2015. The ''[[Open Knowledge Foundation]]'' created in 2013 the ''[[Open Data Index]]'' which compares data availability across countries in which France was ranked 16th in 2013, 3rd in 2014 and 10th in 2015.

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==== Decree of 2011 ====

In 2011, the decree 2011-577 of May 26 relative to the re-use of public sector information sets forth the principle of gratuity of re-use of public sector data and documents. Under this decree, an administrative agency may envisageconsider to applyapplying licence fees to the re-use of the State's immaterial property such as data, but this decision must be published by decree after consultation of the Public edition and Administrative Information Council.<ref>{{Citation|title=Décret n° 2011-577 du 26 mai 2011 relatif à la réutilisation des informations publiques détenues par l'Etat et ses établissements publics administratifs|date=26 May 2011|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000024072772&categorieLien=id|accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref>

==== Bill on a Digital Republic ====

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In order to implement at their level the law on Energy Transition,<ref>{{Citation|title=LOI n° 2015-992 du 17 août 2015 relative à la transition énergétique pour la croissance verte|date=17 August 2015|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000031044385&dateTexte=20150901|accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> many agents including territorial collectivities and citizens need access to updated and precise data on the production of energy and the effective consumption of energy by building, neighborhood, city, etc. while abiding by the rules on the protection of private data.

The law on Energy Transition has those data become progressively accessible online for free re-use by any party (open data). The network operators (electricity, gas, heat and colcoal networks) and the providers of fuel products must provide certain data to the Statistics service of the Ministry of Energy every year by the June 30. These will be in turn published online within two months (before September 1). Legal provisions have been made through three decrees published in 2016 relative to the confidentiality of some information.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/decret/2016/7/18/DEVR1610080D/jo|title=Décret n° 2016-972 du 18 juillet 2016 relatif à la confidentialité des informations détenues par les opérateurs gaziers et par les gestionnaires des réseaux publics de transport ou de distribution d'électricité {{!}} Legifrance|website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr|access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Décret n° 2016-973 du 18 juillet 2016 relatif à la mise à disposition des personnes publiques de données relatives au transport, à la distribution et à la production d'électricité, de gaz naturel et de biométhane, de produits pétroliers et de chaleur et de froid|date=18 July 2016|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000032914473&categorieLien=id|accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/arrete/2016/7/18/DEVR1610060A/jo/texte|title=Arrêté du 18 juillet 2016 fixant les modalités de transmission des données de transport, distribution et production d'électricité, de gaz naturel et de biométhane, de produits pétroliers et de chaleur et de froid {{!}} Legifrance|website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr|access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref>

=== Licences ===

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==== Open Database License (ODbL) ====

The ODbL licence has been translated into French by the city of Paris so as to adapt it to a national use. A variety of projects have been using this licence, from ''[[Open Street MapOpenStreetMap]]'' to local authorities (Paris, Nantes, Toulouse…Toulouse...).

== Data holders ==

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== Perspectives and challenges ==

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==See also==

* [[Open access in France]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{france topics}}

{{Open data navbox}}

[[Category:Open data by ___location|France]]

[[Category:OpenScience and technology in data|France]]