Open data in France: Difference between revisions

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[[Online and offline|Online]] access to legal information was implemented in France in 1999<ref>{{Citation|title=Arrêté du 6 juillet 1999 relatif à la création du site Internet Légifrance|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000396399&categorieLien=id|accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> and complemented in 2002.<ref>{{Citation|title=Décret n° 2002-1064 du 7 août 2002 relatif au service public de la diffusion du droit par l'internet|date=7 August 2002|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000413818&categorieLien=id|accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> In that regard, France has been at the forefront of Open Data in Europe.

Civic groups like Wikimedia France, Open Street MapOpenStreetMap France, Libertic or Regards Citoyens had been lobbying for Open Data for many years before public administrations took action.

Amongst public administrations, some cities pioneered the change: Rennes, then Paris thanks to the decision taken by the municipal council on June 8, 2010 relative to the publication of public data and the "Paris Data" portal made public on January 27, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://opendata.paris.fr/page/home/|title=Open Data Paris|website=opendata.paris.fr|access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref>

The inter-ministerial Task Force "{{ill|Etalab|fr}}", under the authority of the Prime Minister, is in charge of creating and updating the portal for public Open Data [http://www.data.gouv.fr/en/ data.gouv.fr] , which has been made available since December 5, 2011 and hosts more than 19,000 datasets.

The role of Chief Data Officer in the French public administration was created by decree of September 16, 2014.<ref>{{Citation|title=Décret n° 2014-1050 du 16 septembre 2014 instituant un administrateur général des données|date=16 September 2014|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000029463482&dateTexte=&oldAction=dernierJO&categorieLien=id|accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> The Chief Data Officer's attributions were specified so that "He/she may request from administrations that they hand over the inventory of the data they produce, receive, or collect. He/she shall hand in to the Prime Minister a yearly report on the inventory, the governance, the production, the dissemination and the use of data by administrations. Finally, he/she is authorized to conduct experimentations on the use of data, to reinforce the efficiency of public policies, to contribute to a better management of public spending and resources, and to improve the quality of public services provided to citizens." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/the-government-creates-and-shapes-the-role-of-its-chief-data-officer-cdo|title=The government creates and shapes the role of its Chief Data Officer (CDO) {{!}} Le blog de la mission Etalab|website=www.etalab.gouv.fr|access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref>

The Open Data Barometer, a project of the Web Foundation, had France ranked 10th in 2013, 4th in 2014 and 2d in 2015. The ''[[Open Knowledge Foundation]]'' created in 2013 the ''[[Open Data Index]]'' which compares data availability across countries in which France was ranked 16th in 2013, 3rd in 2014 and 10th in 2015.

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==== Open Database License (ODbL) ====

The ODbL licence has been translated into French by the city of Paris so as to adapt it to a national use. A variety of projects have been using this licence, from ''[[Open Street MapOpenStreetMap]]'' to local authorities (Paris, Nantes, Toulouse...).

== Data holders ==