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Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue: Difference between revisions

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More accurate examples. "Cut" is a terrible example for speakers without the FOOT-STRUT split. [ɛ] is closer to "bet" than "bat" in the large majority of accents of English. "Go" doesn't work for the many, many accents of English without GOAT-fronting, and layperson readers will not understand what is meant by "without u sound". "Loot" has a vowel considerably more front than [u] in many accents of English; a pre-/l/ example is needed.
 
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{{IPA key|H:IPA-SHN|H:IPA-KHB}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Shan language|Shan]] and [[Tai Lue language|Tai LüLue]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|[[Template:IPA-shn}}, {{tl|IPA-khb}}]], and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
 
{|
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{|class=wikitable style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
! colspan=4"5" | [[Consonant]]s
|-
! IPA !! [[Burmese alphabet|Shan]]
![[Burmese language|Burmese]]
! [[New Tai Lue alphabet|New Tai LüLue]] !! English approximation
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
|<big> ၿ </big><ref name=foreign>In foreign words</ref>
|ဘ
|<big> ᦢ,ᦥ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | a'''b'''ash
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|d}}</big>
|<big> ၻ,ꩨ </big><ref name=foreign></ref>
|ဒ
|<big> ᦡ,ᦤ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | a'''d'''o
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
|<big> ၾ </big>
|ဖှ
|<big> ᦚ,ᦝ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''f'''ood
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
|<big> ၷ </big><ref name=foreign></ref>
|ဂ
|<big> — </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''g'''ood
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
|<big> ႁ </big>
|ဟ
|<big> ᦠ,ᦣ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''h'''ead
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|<big> ယ </big>
|ယ
|<big> ᦊ,ᦍ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''y'''ak
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
|<big> ၵ </big>
|က
|<big> ᦂ,ᦅ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | s'''c'''an
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|kʰ}}</big><ref name = khx>/kʰ/ and /x/ are in free variation.</ref>
|<big> ၶ </big>
|ခ
|<big> ᦃ,ᦆ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''c'''an
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
|<big> လ,ꩮ </big>
|လ
|<big> ᦜ,ᦟ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''l'''eafive
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
|<big> မ </big>
|မ
|<big> ᦖ,ᦙ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''m'''uch
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
|<big> ၼ </big>
|န
|<big> ᦐ,ᦓ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''n'''ot
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
|<big> င </big>
|င
|<big> ᦄ,ᦇ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | ba'''ng'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
| ၺ<ref name=foreign></ref>
|ည
|<big> — </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | ca'''ny'''on
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
|<big> ပ </big>
|ပ
|<big> ᦔ,ᦗ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | s'''p'''an
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|pʰ}}</big>
|<big> ၽ </big>
|ဖ
|<big> ᦕ,ᦘ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''p'''an
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
|<big> ရ,꩹ </big><ref name=foreign></ref>
|ရ
|<big> ᦣ </big><ref name=foreign></ref>|| style="text-align:left;" | roughly like wa'''t'''er (American English)
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|<big> ၸ </big><ref name = sts>Sometimes /s/ and /ts/ are used interchangeably.</ref>
|စ
|<big> ᦉ,ᦌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''s'''ue
|-
|<big>{{IPA|sʰ}}</big>
|<big> သ </big>
|ဆ
|<big> — </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | —gra'''ssh'''opper
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
|<big> သျ </big>
|ရှ
|<big> — </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''sh'''oe
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|t}}</big>
|<big> တ,ꩦ </big>
|တ
|<big> ᦎ,ᦑ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | s'''t'''able
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|tʰ}}</big>
|<big> ထ,ꩧ,ꩪ,ꩩ </big>
|ထ
|<big> ᦏ,ᦒ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''t'''able
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ts}}</big>
|<big> ၸ </big><ref name = sts></ref>
|စ/ကျ
|<big> ᦈ,ᦋ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | Be'''ts'''y
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|tsʰ}}</big>
|<big> ၶျ </big>
|ချ
| <big> — </big> || style="text-align:left;" | '''ch'''eeseang
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|θ}}</big>
|<big> ႀ </big><ref name=Burmese>In Burmese loanwords</ref>
|သ
| <big> — </big> || style="text-align:left;" | '''th'''ing
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|v}}<ref name = vw>/v/ and /w/ are in free variation</ref></big>
|<big> — </big>
|ဝ
|<big> ᦛ,ᦞ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''v'''illage
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}<ref name = vw></ref></big>
|<big> ဝ </big>
|ဝ
|<big> ᦛ,ᦞ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''w'''ay
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}<ref name = khx></ref></big>
|<big> — </big>
|ခ
|<big> ᦃ,ᦆ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | lo'''ch''' in [[Scottish English]]
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
|<big> ၹ </big><ref name=Burmese></ref>
|ဇ
|<big> — </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''z'''ebra
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
|<big> ဢ </big>
|အ/ ဩ
|<big> ᦀ,ᦁ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | ''the catch in ''uh'''-'''oh'''''
|-
| colspan="45" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
! colspan="45" | [[Tone (linguistics)|Tone]]
|-
! IPA !! colspan="34" | Description
|-
|<big> {{IPA|a}}</big> <br>or<br> <big> {{IPA|ā}}</big>
| colspan=3"4" style="text-align:left;" | mid {{IPA|[aː˧]}}
|-
|<big> {{IPA|à}}</big>
| colspan=3"4" style="text-align:left;" | low {{IPA|[a˨˩]}} or {{IPA|[a˩]}}
|-
|<big> {{IPA|â}}</big>
| colspan=3"4" style="text-align:left;" | falling {{IPA|[a˥˩]}} (Tai Lü only)
|-
|<big> {{IPA|a̰}}</big>
| colspan=3"4" style="text-align:left;" | [[Creaky voice|creaky]] falling {{IPA|[a̰˥˩]}} (Shan only)
|-
|<big> {{IPA|á}}</big>
| colspan=3"4" style="text-align:left;" | high {{IPA|[a˥]}}
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ǎ}}</big>
| colspan=3"4" style="text-align:left;" | rising {{IPA|[a˨˦]}} (Shan only)
|-
|<big> {{IPA|a᷄}}</big>
| colspan=3"4" style="text-align:left;" | high rising {{IPA|[a˧˥]}} (Tai Lü only)
|-
|<big> {{IPA|a᷅}}</big>
| colspan=3"4" style="text-align:left;" | lowinglow rising {{IPA|[a˩˧]}} (Tai Lü only)
|}
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
! colspan=4"5" | [[Vowel]]s
|-
! IPA !! [[Burmese alphabet|Shan]]
!Burmese
! [[New Tai Lue alphabet|New Tai Lü]] !! English approximation
|-
! colspan=4"5" | [[Vowel length|Short vowels]]
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
| ''unmarked''
|အး
|<big> ᦰ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | c'''ua'''t
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|e}}</big>
|<big> ေ,ဵ </big>
|ေ
|<big> ᦵ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | roughly like s'''ay'''
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
|<big> ႄ, ႅ </big>
|ဲ
|<big> ᦶ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | roughly like b'''ae'''t
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|i}}</big>
|<big> ီ </big>
|ီ
|<big> ᦲ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | happ'''y'''
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|o}}</big>
|<big> ူဝ် </big>
|ို
|<big> ᦷ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | gst'''o''' ''without u sound'' (shorter)ry
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
|<big> ေႃ, ွ</big>
|ော
|<big> ᦸ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''o'''ff
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|u}}</big>
|<big> ု, ူ </big>
|ူ
|<big> ᦳ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | lc'''oo'''t (shorter)l
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɯ}}</big><br>or<br><big>{{IPAlink|ɨ}}</big>
|<big> ို ိုဝ်</big>
|ု
|<big> ᦹ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | g'''oo'''d
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɤ}}</big><br>or<br><big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
|<big> ိူိူဝ် </big>
|ော်/ယ်
|<big> ᦵᦲ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | roughly like h'''ur'''t (shorter)
|-
! colspan="45" | [[Vowel length|Long vowels]]
|-
|<big> {{IPA|aː}}</big>
|<big> ၢ, ႃ </big>
|ာ, ါ
|<big> ᦱ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | br'''a'''
|}
|}
 
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
<references/>
 
==See also==
{{IPA keys horizontal}}▼
*{{clc|Pages with Shan IPA|pages}}
*{{clc|Pages with Tai Lue IPA|pages}}
 
▲{{IPA keys horizontal}}
[[Category:International Phonetic Alphabet help|Shan]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue"