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{{Short description|Multimedia animation software}}
{{Refimprove|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox Software
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== GRASP - Graphic Animation System for Professionals ==
===GRASP 1.0===
In 1984 Doug Wolfgram conceived of the idea of an animation scripting language that would allow graphics images to move smoothly across a computer screen under program control. [[Persyst Systems]] hired Wolfgram's company to develop some graphics and animation for their new graphics card, the [[Persyst BoB Color Adapter|BoB board]].<ref name="Hart_1985">{{cite journal |author-first1=Glenn A. |author-last1=Hart |author-first2=Jim |author-last2=Forney |title=Video Board Reviews: Persyst BoB Color Adapter |journal=[[PC Magazine]] |date=1985-02-19 |pages=121–133 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2ad61ZUYQMC&pg=PA132}}</ref> The marketing manager from Persyst then moved to [[AST Research|AST computer]] where he brought in Wolfgram to do similar animation work for the AST line of peripheral cards for PCs. 1
Wolfgram saw the growing demand for multimedia so he brought in [[John Bridges (software developer)|John Bridges]], with whom he had co-developed PCPaint for Mouse Systems in
Starting with John and Doug's source code for [[PCPaint]], the painting aspects were chopped out and
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In 1988, GRASP 3.0 was released, followed in October 1988 by GRASP 3.5, bundled with [[Pictor Paint]], an improved [[PCPaint]] minus publishing features. GRASP 3.5 "[supported] a wide range of video formats, including CGA, EGA, Hercules, VGA and all popular enhanced VGA modes up to 800 x 600 pixels and 1,024 x 768 pixels resolution. The software [displayed] and [edited] images in several standard formats, including PC Paintbrush (PCX) and GIF."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1990_Oct_31/ai_9601535 |title=CBSi |website=FindArticles.com |date= |accessdate=2016-07-23}}</ref>
Award-winning animator [[Tom Guthery]] claims that by using GRASP in 1990 his early animated computer programs "[gave] smooth movement and detailed animation to a degree that many programmers had thought impossible at the time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edu-soft.org/featured/tom.php |title=
===GRASP 4.0===
In February 1991 GRASP 4.0 was released, with the ability to create "self-executing" demos (bind to make EXE added), AutoDesk FLI/FLC support, PC Speaker Digitized Sound, and a robust programming environment. It also included [[ARTOOLS]], a collection of image manipulation tools which included an early morphing utility which tracked all points in source and destination images, creating all the in-between frames. Later that year HRFE (High Res Flic Enhancement) was offered as an add-on for GRASP, "[enabling] GRASP to recognize, import, manipulate and compile animations created in [[Autodesk Animator Pro]] environment."<ref>{{cite
In a published paper critiquing GRASP 4.0, the authors Stuart White and John Lenarcic said that "The GRASP language offers creative freedom in the development of interactive multimedia presentations, especially to seasoned programmers with an artistic inclination."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascilite.org.au/aset-archives/confs/iims/1994/qz/white.html |title=
A stripped-down version of GRASP 4.0 was also included with copies of Philip Shaddock's ''Multimedia Creations: Hands-On Workshop for Exploring Animation and Sound''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=316LAAAACAAJ&
===Multi-Media GRASP 1.0===
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'''GLPro''' was a multimedia authoring application for [[MS-DOS]] and [[Microsoft Windows]]. GLPro is a contraction of Graphics Language Professional, and was written by [[John Bridges (software developer)|John Bridges]] as a successor to GRASP. Windows support in GLPro was released in the summer of 1996.
Unlike competing technologies such as [[Macromedia Director]], GLPro took a very minimalist approach, providing an extensive scripting language rather than a lot of [[WYSIWYG]] tools within a Graphical User Interface. Everything was accomplished by writing code using its [[BASIC programming language|BASIC]]-like syntax. The scripting language was not [[Object-oriented programming|object oriented]], and as a result consists of a very large number of specialised commands. The programmer was not able to create new classes or extend the language. It has been criticised for its syntactical inconsistency, steep learning curve, and the fact that it does not deliver a cross-platform multimedia solution. Despite this it has been enthusiastically received by numbers of users, many dating back to the early [[GRASP (multimedia authoring software)|GRASP]] under
An unusual design philosophy behind GLPro is that it does not rely on external OS services to handle many media types, such as [[MP3]] audio, [[MPEG]] video, etc. Instead it contains its own player code. The thinking is that by avoiding OS services for these tasks, the end user is spared the problem of needing to install additional components before being able to run a multimedia title on their machine - it is intended to "just work". Although an advantage for some standalone projects, this philosophy suffered from an inability to keep up with new media developments.
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GLPro was moved into a separate company, [[GMedia]], in early 2000, which closed their doors in February 2001 just as the native [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] and [[Linux]] support was entering public beta testing. Bridges is no longer involved in its development, and as of February 2002 is developing a new multimedia authoring system called [[AfterGRASP]] designed to be backwards compatible with GLPro with less emphasis on built-in media playback support.
GLPro is currently owned by
==See also==
* [[GLPro]]
* [[Mouse Systems]]
* [[:ru:GRASP (программа)#Алгоритмы|*.GL to *.TAR converter]]▼
==References==
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194338/http://www.concept-usa.us/glpro/glprolist/glprolist.asp?as_q=History+of+GLPRO GLPro Mailing List Archive]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010625001824/http://www.gmedia.com/glpro/press/history.html GLPro History]
* The Graphics File Formats Page
: GL - Another animation format
: Dr. Martin Reddy
: Technical Lead, R & D, Pixar Animation Studios
: http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/GL.txt
==External links==
▲* [[:ru:GRASP (программа)#Алгоритмы|*.GL to *.TAR converter]] at Russian Wikipedia
* [http://www.aftergrasp.com/ afterGRASP homepage with download]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010625001824/http://www.gmedia.com/glpro/press/history.html EONQUEST: An interactive multimedia learning environment for elementary mathematical problem solving by Stuart White and John Lenarcic]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070402200601/http://wwwiz.com/issue01/wiz_c01.html "Doug and Melody Wolfgram", by Cynthia Gregory Wilson]
* [https://www.fileformat.info/format/grasp/ GRASP File Format Summary]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Graphics Animation System For Professionals}}
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