Content deleted Content added
m Bot: link syntax |
m Open access bot: pmc updated in citation with #oabot. |
||
| (14 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Optical microscope used in surgery}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
[[File:Foot Laser Surgery.jpg|thumbnail|right|A podiatrist prepares for microsurgery.]]
An '''operating microscope''' or '''surgical microscope''' is an [[optical]] [[microscope]] specifically designed to be used in a [[surgical]] setting, typically to perform [[microsurgery]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cordero|first=Ismael|date=2014|title=Understanding and caring for an operating microscope|journal=Community Eye Health|volume=27|issue=85|pages=17|issn=0953-6833|pmc=4069782|pmid=24966460}}</ref>
Design features of an operating microscope are: magnification typically in the range from 4x-40x, components that are easy to [[Sterilization (microbiology)|sterilize]] or [[disinfect]] in order to ensure [[cross-infection control]].
Line 7 ⟶ 8:
There is often a [[Prism (optics)|prism]] that allows splitting of the light beam in order that assistants may also visualize the procedure or to allow [[photography]] or [[video]] to be taken of the [[operating field]].
Typically an operating microscope might cost several thousand dollars for a basic model, more advanced models may be much more expensive. Additionally, specialized microsurgical instruments may be required to make full use of the improved vision the microscope affords. It can take time to master use of an operating microscope.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schaefer |first=Madison A. |last2=Nelson |first2=Heather N. |last3=Butrum |first3=John L. |last4=Gronseth |first4=James R. |last5=Hines |first5=Jacob H. |date=2023-03-09 |title=A low-cost smartphone fluorescence microscope for research, life science education, and STEM outreach |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-29182-y |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=2722 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-29182-y |issn=2045-2322|pmc=9998573 }}</ref>
Fields of medicine that make significant use of the operating microscope include [[plastic surgery]], [[dentistry]] (especially [[endodontics]]), [[ENT surgery]], [[ophthalmic surgery]], and [[neurosurgery]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fichter |first=Andreas M. |last2=Wolff |first2=Constantin T. |last3=Grabenhorst |first3=Alex |last4=Koss |first4=Leonard H. |last5=von Bomhard |first5=Achim |last6=Nieberler |first6=Markus |last7=Wolff |first7=Klaus-Dietrich |last8=Ritschl |first8=Lucas M. |date=2023-07-05 |title=Comparison of a high-definition three-dimensional digital camera system with a conventional state-of-the-art operation microscope for microsurgical anastomoses |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-37530-1 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=10867 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-37530-1 |issn=2045-2322|pmc=10322850 }}</ref>
== In
In [[Eye surgery|Eye (ophthalmic) surgery]], there are procedures which routinely utilize a surgical microscope, such as [[cataract surgery]] and [[corneal transplantation]]. An [[Optical coherence tomography|Optical coherence tomograph]] (OCT) can be added to aid the surgeon, especially during retinal surgery.
== In dentistry ==
In dentistry, an example of a procedure which commonly uses an operating microscope would be [[endodontic retreatment]], where the magnification provided by the operating microscope improves visualisation of the [[anatomy]] present leading to better outcomes for the patient.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Use of Microscopes and OtherMagnification Devices|url=https://f3f142zs0k2w1kg84k5p9i1o-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/specialty/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/04/MicroscopesPositionStatement2020_v2.pdf|website=American Association of Endodontists}}</ref> It has been suggested that the well-focused illumination and magnification should be part of a standard of care in endodontic therapy.<ref>Cohen S, Hargreaves KM. Pathways of the Pulp. 9th Edition. St Louis, MO: Mosby, 2006.</ref><ref>Kim S. Modern endodontic practice: instruments and techniques. Dental Clinics of North America 2004;48(1): 1–9.</ref> However, a Cochrane review did not find any studies that met the inclusion criteria to confirm or dispute the hypothesis; therefore suggesting further research.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD005969.pub3|pmid = 26650099|title = Magnification devices for endodontic therapy|journal = Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue = 12|pages = CD005969|year = 2015|last1 = Del Fabbro|first1 = Massimo|last2 = Taschieri|first2 = Silvio|last3 = Lodi|first3 = Giovanni|last4 = Banfi|first4 = Giuseppe|last5 = Weinstein|first5 = Roberto L.|volume = 2015|pmc = 7389255|hdl = 2434/434134|hdl-access = free}}</ref>
== Other procedures ==
Surgical microscopes are used in [[anastomosis]] procedures carried out to join [[blood vessels]] in [[vascular surgery]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malzone |first=Gerardo |last2=Menichini |first2=Giulio |last3=Innocenti |first3=Marco |last4=Ballestín |first4=Alberto |date=2023-08-27 |title=Microsurgical robotic system enables the performance of microvascular anastomoses: a randomized in vivo preclinical trial |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-41143-z |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=14003 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-41143-z |issn=2045-2322|pmc=10460789 }}</ref>
Surgical microscopes are often used for the insertion of the [[Tympanostomy tube]] particularly in pediatric cases.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=An Overview of the Tympanostomy Tube |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9647717/ |journal=NLM}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Spaw |first=Mark |title=Tympanostomy Tube Insertion |date=2024 |work=StatPearls |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565858/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=33351417 |last2=Agarwal |first2=Nikki |last3=Camacho |first3=Macario}}</ref>
==See also==
Line 31 ⟶ 32:
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Saunders WP, Saunders EM |title=Conventional endodontics and the operating microscope |journal=Dental Clinics of North America |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=415–28 |date=July 1997 |doi=10.1016/S0011-8532(22)00060-X |pmid=9248683|s2cid=247910918 }}
==External links==
| |||