Gorap language: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Malay creole, spoken in Northern Halmahera Island}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Gorap

| nativename = Gorap

| altname =

| altname= {{hlist|Gorapic|Gorapish|Gorapese|Gorapian|Gorrap}}

| states = [[Indonesia]]

| region = [[North Halmahera Regency|Northern]] and [[West Halmahera Regency|western]] regions of Halmahera Island (mainly)

| ethnicity = BobaneigoGorap people

| speakers= 1,000 speakers, only in Morotai Island = 1,000

| date = 1992

| ref = e22

| familycolor = PapuanCreole

| speakers2 =

| fam1 = [[Malay-based creole]]

| familycolor= Papuan

| fam2 = Eastern Indonesia Malay

| fam1= [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]]

| fam3 = Manadoic Malay

| fam2= Halmahera-Cenderawasih

| iso3 = goq

| fam3= [[North Halmahera languages|Northern Halmahera]]

| glotto = gora1261

| script= [[Latin script|Latin]] (main)

| glottorefname = Gorap

| minority= {{IDN}}

| ELP = 1765

* {{flag|North Maluku}}

| ELPname = Gorap

| agency=  [[File:Logo of Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic of Indonesia.svg|15px]] {{lang|id|Badan Pengembangan Bahasa dan Perbukuan}} ({{lit|National Language and Fostering Agency of the Republic of Indonesia}})

| ietf =

* North Maluku Linguistic Center

| lingua =

| standards= Standard Gorap

| map =

| iso3= goq

| mapsize = 170px

| glotto= gora1261

| mapcaption = Map showing Gorap-speaking villages in the northern part of [[Halmahera]] and the southern part of [[Morotai]].

| glottorefname= Gorap

| pushpin_mapminority = [[Indonesia ]]

| ELP= 1765

| map2 = Lang Status 60-DE.svg

| ELPname= Gorap

| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|{{pagename}}Gorap language classified as Endangered by [[UNESCO]] in its ''Atlas of the World's Languages at Risk of Extinction.''}}}}

| ietf=

| notice = IPA

| lingua=

}}

| map=

| mapsize =

| mapcaption =

| pushpin_map = Indonesia

| pushpin_map_caption =

| coordinates = {{coord|0|51|53.9388|N|127|40|5.2212|E|region:ID|display=inline,title}}

| map2= Lang Status 60-DE.svg

| mapcaption2= {{center|{{small|{{pagename}} classified as Endangered by [[UNESCO]] in its ''Atlas of the World's Languages at Risk of Extinction''}}}}

| notice= IPA

}}

'''Gorap''' is a [[NorthMalay Halmaheratrade and creole languages|NorthernMalay-based Halmaheracreole]] language predominantly spoken by Gorap (''Bobaneigo''){{efn|Bobaneigo is actually the name of a village where the Gorap language is spoken, this overlaps greatly with the ethnic name itself which is actually simply referred to as "Gorap".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kompasiana.com/arisudrajat/632534e208a8b557ff7acf93/mengungkap-keindahan-alam-kampung-nelayan-bobaneigo-halmahera-barat|website=www.kompasiana.com|title=Mengungkap Keindahan Alam Kampung Nelayan Bobaneigo Halmahera Barat|language=id|access-date=7 July 2024|date=17 September 2022|first=Adi|last=Sudrajat|publisher=Kompasiana}}</ref>}} ethnic group, indigenous to [[West Halmahera Regency|western]] and [[North Halmahera Regency|northern]] regions of the Indonesian island of [[Halmahera Island|Halmahera]].<ref name="PB">{{cite web |title=Bahasa Gorap |language= id |trans-title= Gorap language |url= https://petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/infobahasa2.php?idb=779&idp=Maluku%20Utara |work=Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa |publisher= Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia |___location= Indonesia}}</ref> ofIt shares vocabulary with other [[West Papuan languages]] and some of languages spoken in Sulawesi, such as [[Buginese language|WestBuginese]] Papuanand family[[Cia-Cia language|Cia-Cia]]. spokenRoughly byaround the60 Bobaneigoout peopleof native200 toattested westernwords andin northernthis regionslanguage ofwere theindicated Indonesiansharing islandvocabulary ofwith [[Halmaherathose Island|Halmahera]]languages.<ref name="PBBH">{{cite journal|url=http://sinarbahtera.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/SB/article/download/99/33/114|author=Sa'diyah, H. W. F. K.|date=2020|title=Laporan Fonologi Bahasa Gorap|publisher=Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Maluku|editor=Sudaryanto|journal=Metode Dan Aneka Teknik|access-date=2024-02-11|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203182731/https://sinarbahtera.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/SB/article/download/99/33/114|url-status=dead}}</ref>

While the Gorap language is also well documented, the collection mostly contains stimulus-based recordings; namely from ''Pear Film'' and ''Man and Tree Spacegame'', but also folklore. The collection is expected to grow gradually in the coming years, covering various genres of speaking events. Many recordings were transcribed in Gorap language and translated into [[English language]] and [[Indonesian language|standard Indonesian]].<ref name="ch"/>

== Distribution ==

Based on the official linguistic mapping data by the National Language and Fostering Agency under the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, the Gorap language is spoken natively on the Indonesian island of Halmahera, specifically in the Kao Teluk district which is administratively part of the [[North Halmahera regencial regionRegency]] and also in the East Jailolo district in the [[West Halmahera regencial regionRegency]].<ref name="PB"/> This language is also spoken by its diasporic community, especially those who lives on the island of [[Morotai]] (especially South Morotai) and also on the island of [[Sulawesi]] (especially Southeast Sulawesi).

This language is spoken in 11 villages in the northern part of Halmahera island and southern part of Morotai island, which from population surveys is inhabited by the Gorap ethnic group as much as 87.68%, Makian 1.29%, Galela 1.37%, Ternate 0.60%, [[Tobelo people|Tobelo]] 0.55%, [[Sangir people|Sangir]] 6.67%, [[Bugis people|Bugis]] 1.24%, [[Javanese people|Javanese]] 0.77%, and Maba as much as 1.03%.<ref name="PB"/><ref name="BH"/> The Gorap speaking villages are Bobaneigo, Nusa Ambu, Sondo-Sondo, Nusa Jaya, Talaga Jaya, Ekor, Saramaake in Halmahera island; Daruba, Galo-Galo, Waringin, Pilowo in Morotai island.<ref name="ch">{{cite web|url=https://eldp.access.preservica.com/dk0710/|title=A documentation of Gorap|language=en|access-date=7 July 2024|first=Christoph|last=Bracks|publisher=[[Goethe University Frankfurt|University of Frankfurt]]|___location=[[Frankfurt]], Germany}}</ref>

== Classification ==

Gorap is classified as a creole language of [[Eastern Indonesia Malay]]. It is creolized because it is used as the [[lingua franca]] of the people in the area where other languages in the [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] and [[Papuan languages|Papuan]] family are spoken, so most of its vocabulary is influenced by the surrounding languages.<ref name="BH"/> Malay and other Sulawesi languages indicated to be spoken in the Halmahera itself is thought to have spread through trader from the Sulawesi region who traded using the language.<ref name="PB"/> According to Glottolog, the Gorap language along with [[Manado Malay]] and [[North Moluccan Malay]] are grouped into its own sub-branch of East Indonesian Malay creole languages, the Manadoic branch.<ref>{{Glottolog}}</ref>

Based on the classification of official linguistic data from the National Language and Fostering Agency under the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, the Gorap language is one of the languages of the West Papuan family in the North Halmahera group, which shared the same linguistic family to Ternate, [[Tobelo language|Tobelo]], [[West Makian|Western Makian]], Galela and Sahu languages that are also spoken in the western region of Halmahera Island.<ref name="PB"/>

== References ==

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=== Notes ===

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=== Footnotes ===

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== Other sites ==

{{sisterlinks}}

{{portal bar|Indonesia|Language}}

{{Languages of Indonesia}}

[[Category:Papuan languages]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malay, Gorap, Language}}

[[Category:PapuanAgglutinative languages]]

[[Category:Malay-based pidgins and creoles]]

[[Category:Languages of Indonesia]]

* {{flag|[[Category:North Maluku}}]]