Multi-function structure: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Composite material that has load-carrying and other functions as well}}

A '''multi-function material''' is a [[composite material]]. The traditional approach to the development of structures is to address the load-carrying function and other functional requirements separately. Recently, however, there has been increased interest in the development of load-bearing materials and structures which have integral non-load-bearing functions, guided by recent discoveries about how multifunctional [[biological system]]s work.<ref name="Gibson 2010 pp. 2793–2810">{{cite journal | last=Gibson | first=Ronald F. | title=A review of recent research on mechanics of multifunctional composite materials and structures | journal=Composite Structures | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=92 | issue=12 | year=2010 | issn=0263-8223 | doi=10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.05.003 | pages=2793–2810}}</ref>

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==Functions==

Among the many functions that can be attained are power transmission, [[electrical conductivity|electrical]]/[[thermal conductivity]], sensing and actuation, energy harvesting/storage, self-healing capability, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and recyclability and [[biodegradability]]. See also [[functionally graded material]]s which are [[composite materials]] where the composition or the microstructure are locally varied so that a certain variation of the local material properties is achieved.<ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Chaudhary |firstfirst1=Birendra |last2=Matos |first2=Helio |last3=Das |first3=Sumanta |last4=Owens |first4=Jim |date=2023-06-01 |title=Multifunctional carbon/epoxy composites with power transmission capabilities |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352492823003550 |journal=Materials Today Communications |volume=35 |pages=105665 |doi=10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105665 |issn=2352-4928|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>[http://www.oeaw.ac.at/esi/english/research/materials/comp/fgms.html O. Kolednik, Functionally Graded Materials, 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820130401/http://www.oeaw.ac.at/esi/english/research/materials/comp/fgms.html |date=2010-08-20 }}</ref> However, functionally graded materials can be designed for specific function and applications.

Many applications such as re-configurable aircraft wings, shape-changing aerodynamic panels for flow control, variable geometry engine exhausts, turbine blade, wind turbine configuration at different wind speed, microelectromechanical systems (micro-switches), mechanical memory cells, valves, micropumps, flexible direction panel position in solar cells, innovative architecture (adaptive shape panels for roofs and windows), flexible and foldable electronic devices and optics (shape changing mirrors for active focusing in adaptive optical systems).