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[[Image:Soroban.JPG|349x349px|thumb|[[Soroban|Japanese abacus]]. The right side represents {{formatnum:1234567890}} in bi-quinary: each column is one digit, with the lower beads representing "ones" and the upper beads "fives".]]
'''Bi-quinary coded decimal''' is a [[numeral system|numeral encoding scheme]] used in many [[abacus]]es and in some [[Early computer|early computers]],
Several human languages, most notably [[Fula language|Fula]] and [[Wolof language|Wolof]] also use biquinary systems. For example, the Fula word for 6, ''jowi e go'o'', literally means ''five [plus] one''. [[Roman numerals]] use a symbolic, rather than positional, bi-quinary base, even though [[Latin]] is completely decimal.
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The Korean finger counting system [[Chisanbop]] uses a bi-quinary system, where each finger represents a one and a thumb represents a five, allowing one to count from 0 to 99 with two hands.
One advantage of one bi-quinary encoding scheme on digital computers is that it must have
==Examples==
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* [[George Stibitz|Stibitz]]<ref name="Stibitz_1957"/><!-- In this book Stibitz claims that he invented this code some years after inventing Excess-3 --> relay calculators at Bell Labs from [[Bell Labs#Calculators|Model II]] onwards
* [[FACOM 128]] relay calculators at [[Fujitsu]]
===IBM 650===
{{anchor|IBM650code}}<!--link from IBM 650 article-->
The [[IBM 650]] uses seven bits:
▲: Two ''bi'' bits: 0 5 and five ''quinary'' bits: 0 1 2 3 4, with error checking.
: Exactly one ''bi'' bit and one ''quinary'' bit is set in a valid digit. In the pictures of the front panel below and in close-up, the bi-quinary encoding of the internal workings of the machine are evident in the arrangement of the lights – the ''bi'' bits form the top of a T for each digit, and the ''quinary'' bits form the vertical stem.▼
▲
{| cellpadding="5" class="wikitable"▼
|-
| rowspan="11" | [[File:IBM-650-panel.jpg|thumb|center|IBM 650 front panel while running, with active bits just discernible]]
[[File:IBM 650 panel close-up of bi-quinary indicators.jpg|thumb|center|Close-up of IBM 650 indicators while running, with active bits visible]]▼
▲[[File:IBM 650 panel close-up of bi-quinary indicators.jpg|thumb|Close-up of IBM 650 indicators]]
|-
| 0 || 10-10000
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| 9 || 01-00001
|}
* [[Remington Rand 409]] - five bits▼
{| cellpadding="5" class="wikitable"▼
The [[Remington Rand 409]] has five bits: one ''quinary'' bit (tube) for each of 1, 3, 5, and 7 - only one of these would be on at the time. The fifth ''bi'' bit represented 9 if none of the others were on; otherwise it added 1 to the value represented by the other ''quinary'' bit. The machine was sold in the two models [[UNIVAC 60]] and [[UNIVAC 120]].
|-
|-
| 0 || 0000-0
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| 9 || 0000-1
|}
The [[UNIVAC Solid State]] uses four bits:
{|
|-
|-
| 0 || 1-0-000
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| 9 || 1-1-100
|}
===UNIVAC LARC===
The [[UNIVAC LARC]] has four bits:
{|
|-
|-
| 0 || 1-0-000
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<ref name="Steinbuch-Wagner_1967">{{cite book |title=Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung |language=de |editor-first1=Karl W. |editor-last1=Steinbuch |editor-link1=Karl W. Steinbuch |editor-first2=Siegfried W. |editor-last2=Wagner |author-first1=Erich R. |author-last1=Berger |author-first2=Wolfgang |author-last2=Händler |author-link2=Wolfgang Händler |date=1967 |orig-year=1962 |edition=2 |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag OHG]] |___location=Berlin, Germany |id=Title No. 1036 |lccn=67-21079}}</ref>
<ref name="Steinbuch-Weber-Heinemann_1974">{{cite book |title=Taschenbuch der Informatik - Band II - Struktur und Programmierung von EDV-Systemen |language=de |editor-first1=Karl W. |editor-last1=Steinbuch |editor-link1=Karl W. Steinbuch |editor-first2=Wolfgang |editor-last2=Weber <!-- |editor-link2=:de:Wolfgang Weber (Ingenieur)? --> |editor-first3=Traute |editor-last3=Heinemann |date=1974 |orig-year=1967 |edition=3 |volume=2 |work=Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |___location=Berlin, Germany |isbn=3-540-06241-6 |lccn=73-80607}}</ref>
<ref name="Dokter_1973">{{cite book |title=Digital Electronics |author-first1=Folkert |author-last1=Dokter |author-first2=Jürgen |author-last2=Steinhauer |date=1973-06-18 |series=Philips Technical Library (PTL) / Macmillan Education |publisher=[[The Macmillan Press Ltd.]] / [[N. V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken]] |edition=Reprint of 1st English |___location=Eindhoven, Netherlands |sbn=333-13360-9 |isbn=978-1-349-01419-4 |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-01417-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlRdDwAAQBAJ |access-date=2020-05-11 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (270 pages) (NB. This is based on a translation of volume I of the two-volume German edition.)</ref>
<ref name="Dokter_1975">{{cite book |author-first1=Folkert |author-last1=Dokter |author-first2=Jürgen |author-last2=Steinhauer |title=Digitale Elektronik in der Meßtechnik und Datenverarbeitung: Theoretische Grundlagen und Schaltungstechnik |language=de |series=Philips Fachbücher |publisher=[[Deutsche Philips GmbH]] |___location=Hamburg, Germany |volume=I |date=1975 |orig-year=1969 |edition=improved and extended 5th |isbn=3-87145-272-6 |page=50}} (xii+327+3 pages) (NB. The German edition of volume I was published in 1969, 1971, two editions in 1972, and 1975. Volume II was published in 1970, 1972, 1973, and 1975.)</ref>
<ref name="Stibitz_1957">{{cite book |title=Mathematics and Computers |author-first1=George Robert |author-last1=Stibitz |author-link1=George Robert Stibitz |author-first2=Jules A. |author-last2=Larrivee |date=1957 |edition=1 |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.]] |publication-place=New York, US / Toronto, Canada / London, UK |___location=Underhill, Vermont, US |lccn=56-10331 |page=105}} (10+228 pages)</ref>
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