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:''Braunschweig may also refer to the administrative region of Germany. See [[Braunschweig (region)]]. Brunswick may refer to several geographic locations, companies and products. See [[Brunswick (disambiguation)]].''
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[[Image:Braunschweig-Position.png|framed|Map of Germany showing Braunschweig]]
{{wiktionarypar|yuppie}}
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'''Yuppie''' is a [[neologism]] for consumers identified in the advertising category "Young Urban Professional" or "Young Upwardly Mobile Professional." The acronym [[pejorative]]ly describes said socio-economic [[demographic]] group as selfish, materialistic, and superficial people with excessive amounts of disposable income.
'''Braunschweig''' [ˈbraunʃvaik] (English: '''Brunswick''') is a city of 245,500 people (as of December 31, 2004), located in [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the [[Oker]] river, which connects to the [[North Sea]] via the rivers [[Aller]] and [[Weser]].
The word's origins are unclear. [[Joseph Epstein (writer)|Joseph Epstein]] is sometimes credited for coining the phrase in 1982,<ref>{{cite book | title = Movers And Shakers: A Chronology of Words That Shaped Our Age | year = 2006 | publisher = Oxford University Press | last = Ayto | first = John | isbn = 0-198-614-527 | pages = p. 128}}</ref>, though the word gained national currency in the [[United States]] when syndicated newspaper columnist [[Bob Greene]] used it in a story about [[Jerry Rubin]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Global Finance and Urban Living: A Study of Metropolitan Change | first = Leslie | last = Budd | coauthors = Whimster, Sam | year = 1992 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 0-415-070-97X | pages = p. 316 | quote = This usage achieved national prominence when a syndicated columnist, Bob Greene, ran a story (''Chicago Tribune'', 23 March 1983) about Jerry Rubin, the one-time leader of the Yippies<nowiki>[...]</nowiki>}}</ref>
==History==
[[image:braunschweig.jpg|thumb|left|Brunswick]]
The date and circumstances of the town's foundation are unknown. Legend says that Brunswick was founded by Bruno II (died before 1017 AD), a Saxon count. A ''wik'' was a place where merchants rested and stored their goods. Brunswick = ''Bruno's wik'' was an ideal resting-place, as it lay by a ford across the Oker River.
[[Image:Brunswick cathedral.JPG|thumb|right|Brunswick Cathedral, with Lion statue]]
Duke [[Henry the Lion]] (German: Heinrich der Löwe, born [[1129]]/[[1130|30]], died [[August 6|06.08.]][[1195]]) made B. the capital of his state and built [[Brunswick Cathedral]]. He got so powerful that he dared to refuse military aid to emperor [[Frederick I Barbarossa]], which led to his condemnation and fall.
Brunswick was a member of the [[Hanseatic League]] from the [[13th century|13th]] to the middle of the [[17th century]]. In the [[18th century]] Brunswick was not only a political, but also a cultural centre. ''Emilia Galotti'' by [[Gotthold Lessing|Lessing]] and [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]]'s ''[[Faust]]'' were played for the first time in Brunswick.
Brunswick was a duchy until [[1918]], and afterwards a state within the [[Weimar Republic]]. It achieved an inglorious fame by making [[Adolf Hitler]] a German citizen, which allowed him to candidate for the German ''Reichstag'' and become Head of Government (''Reichskanzler''). Hitler was employed by the Brunswick State Government in February [[1932]] and thereby obtained German citizenship. The later site selection of the [[Volkswagen]] plant in nearby [[Wolfsburg]] (Fallersleben) was likely a thank-you gift for this granting of citizenship.
During [[World War II]] Brunswick was severely damaged by Anglo-American aerial attacks. The air raid on [[October 15]], [[1944]] destroyed most of the city of Brunswick, which consisted of half-timbered houses, and also most of the churches. Only Brunswick Cathedral, which was changed into a ''National shrine'' (German: ''Nationale Weihestätte'') by the [[Nazi]]-Government, withstood the bombs.
After the war, Brunswick Cathedral was turned into a [[Protestant]] church again. A small section of the old centre of town did survive the bombing, and is quite distinctive.
=== Historical population ===
1811: 27,600 inhabitants<br/>
1830: 35,300<br/>
1849: 39,000<br/>
1880: 75,000<br/>
1890: 100,000<br/>
1900: 128,200<br/>
1925: 146,900
==Sights==
* Castle (built by [[Henry the Lion]], [[12th century]])
* [[Brunswick Cathedral|Cathedral]] (built from [[1173]]; Henry the Lion is buried here)
* Altstadtmarkt ("old town market"), surrounded by the old town hall and the Martinikirche (church Saint Martin, [[1195]])
* Aegidienkirche (church Saint Aegidius, [[1115]]), with an adjoining monastery, which is today a museum
[[Image:Braunschweig,_Happy_RIZZI_House.jpg|thumb|Happy Rizzi House]]
* The "Rizzi-Haus", a highly distinctive, cartoonish office building designed by architect [[James Rizzi]].
* The "[[Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum]]", an important art museum and the oldest museum in Germany (founded 1754)
Recommended Day Trips:
* [[Hildesheim]]: beautiful medieval town famous for its [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO-cultural heritage]] Cathedrals, market place and old half-timbered houses
* [[Hamelin]]: the beautiful town is famous for the folk tale of [[the Pied Piper of Hamelin]]
* [[Wolfenbüttel]]: the ''Residenzstadt'' (residential city) of the Dukes of Brunschweig-Lüneburg for several centuries, [http://www.wolfenbuettel-tourismus.de/cgi-bin/main.pl?il=m_215&site=search&tle=m_21&user=default Wolfenbüttel] is home to a ''Wasserburg'' (castle surrounded by a moat) and the ''Bibliotheca Augusta'' (Herzog-August Bibliothek, or the [http://www.hab.de/index-e.htm Duke August library]) housing the largest collection of medieval manuscripts in Europe. The city is historically important also for its numerous half-timber houses, many of which date back several centuries since Wolfenbüttel was left largely untouched by WWII.
==Miscellaneous==
Brunswick has been an important industrial area.
Today it is known for its University [http://www.tu-brunswick.de/ (website)] and research institutes, mainly the Federal Agricultural Research Centre [http://www.fal.de/en/ (English website)] and the PTB, the ''Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt'', the national institute of natural and engineering sciences and the highest technical authority for metrology and physical safety engineering of the Federal Republic of Germany [http://www.ptb.de/index_en.html (English website)].
Also located in Brunswick is the "Martino-Katharineum" [http://www.mk-bs.de (website)], a secondary school founded in 1415. It had such famous pupils as [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]], [[Hoffmann von Fallersleben]], [[Richard Dedekind]] and [[Louis Spohr]].
Brunswick is the home of two [[piano]] companies, both known worldwide for the high quality of their instruments: Schimmel and Grotrian-Steinweg (cf. [[Steinway]]). Both companies were founded in the 19th century.
"Yuppie" entered wide use during the [[Gary Hart]] presidential campaign of 1984 as a neutral descriptor of the political demographic group of socially liberal, but fiscally conservative voters favoring his candidacy. When ''[[Newsweek]]'' magazine declared 1984 ''The year of the yuppie'' the word lost its political connotations and gained the negative and socio-economic connotations it enjoys today.
Brunswick is famous for ''[[Till Eulenspiegel]]'', a medieval mixture of a jester and a [[Robin Hood]] who played many practical jokes on its citizens.
It also had - and still has - many breweries, and still a very peculiar kind of [[beer]] is made called ''Mumme'', first quoted in 1390, a malt-extract that was shipped all over the world.
==Related terms==
Near Braunschweig at Cremlingen-Abbenrode, there is a large medium wave transmitter, which transmits the program of "Deutschlandfunk" on 756 kHz, the [[transmitter Cremlingen]].
* '''''[[Buppie]]''''' is a black urban professional.
* '''''[[yuppification]]''''' often replaces the word ''[[gentrification]]'', retaining the negative connotations.
* '''''[[DINKY (acronym)|DINK]]s''''' (also '''''DINKY''''' in the UK) are wealthy couples who often have much in common with "yuppies"; the acronym is for ''Dual Income, No Kids [Yet]''.
* '''''[[Yuppie Flu]]''''' was a term applied to [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], before its medical legitimation.
* Reporter [[David Brooks]] characterized yuppies as [[bourgeois bohemian]]s, or '''''[[Bobo]]s''''', in his book ''[[Bobos in Paradise]]'', a.k.a. ''Trustifarians''.
*'''''Wuppie''''' White urban professional.
*'''''Guppie''''' A gay urban professional.
==ExternalSee linksalso==
* [[Preppy]]
* [[Hippie]]
* [[Yippie]]
* [[Hipster]]
* [[Model Minority]]
* [[Sellout]]
* [[Paninaro]]
*[[Fads and trends]]
==References==
* [http://www.brunswick.de/english/index.html Official Brunswick web site (English)]
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
* [http://www.tu-brunswick.de/ Technical University at Brunswick]
* [http://www.braunschweiger-feldkorps.de Braunschweiger Feldkorps (re-enactment society)]
[[Category:CitiesSocial in Germany|Braunschweiggroups]]
[[Category:Towns in Lower Saxony|BraunschweigSubcultures]]
[[Category:Stereotypes]]
[[deda:BraunschweigYuppie]]
[[eode:BraunschweigYuppie]]
[[fr:Brunswick (ville)Yuppie]]
[[it:BraunschweigYuppie]]
[[nl:Yuppie]]
[[ka:ბრაუნშვაიგი]]
[[nlpl:BraunschweigYuppie]]
[[nopt:BraunschweigYuppie]]
[[slru:BraunschweigЯппи]]
[[fi:BraunschweigJuppi]]
[[sv:BraunschweigYuppie]]
[[uk:Яппі]]
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