Localizer performance with vertical guidance: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:46, 29 January 2018

Latest revision as of 15:24, 31 December 2024

(16 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown)

Line 1:

'''Localizer performance with vertical guidance''' ('''LPV''') are the highest precision [[GPS]] ([[WAASSBAS]] enabled) aviation [[instrument approach]] procedures currently available without specialized aircrew training requirements, such as [[required navigation performance]] (RNP). Landing minima are usually similar to those of a Cat I [[instrument landing system]] (ILS), that is, a decision height of {{convert|200|ft|m}} and visibility of 800 m.<ref>{{cite web

| url=http://waasfms.com/waas-interface/lpv-approach-capability.htm

| title=LPV Approach – Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance

Line 6:

| accessdate=2010-02-07

| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101015436/http://waasfms.com/waas-interface/lpv-approach-capability.htm

| archivedate=2009-01-01}}</ref> Lateral guidance is equivalent to a [[localizer]], and uses a ground-independent electronic glide path. Thus, the [[decision altitude]], DA, can be as low as 200 feet. An LPV approach is an approach with vertical guidance, APV, to distinguish it from a precision approach, PA, or a non-precision approach, NPA. SBAS criteria includes a vertical alarm limit more than 12 m, but less than 50 m, yet an LPV does not meet the [[ICAO]] Annex 10 precision approach standard.<ref name="FAA">{{cite book |title=Instrument Procedures Handbook, FAA-H-8083-16B |date=2017 |publisher=US Dept. of Transportation, FAA Flight Standards Service |page=G-6,4-26,4-50 |url=https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/media/FAA-H-8083-16B.pdf}}</ref>

| archivedate=2009-01-01}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101015436/http://waasfms.com/waas-interface/lpv-approach-capability.htm |date=2009-01-01 }}</ref> It is considered an APV approach. According to the Instrument PTS, you may use a GPS approach down to LPV minimums to substitute a precision approach.

Examples of receivers providing LPV capability include (from [[Garmin]]) the GTN 7xx & 6xx, GNS 480, GNS 430W & 530W, and the post 2007 [[Garmin G1000]] with GIA 63W. Various FMS models, GNSS receivers and FMS upgrades are available from [[Rockwell Collins]] (e.g.<ref>http://www.rockwellcollins.com/~/media/Files/Unsecure/Marketing%20Bulletins%20Rev1/BRS/MBLPV%20FMS%20Upgrade%20for%20CRJ200CL850%20BRS110403.ashx {{webarchiveCite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092050/http://www.rockwellcollins.com/~/media/Files/Unsecure/Marketing%20Bulletins%20Rev1/BRS/MBLPV%20FMS%20Upgrade%20for%20CRJ200CL850%20BRS110403.ashx|title |date=2016-03-04 Error}}</ref>). Most new aircraft and helicopters equipped with integrated flight decks such as Rockwell Collins ProLine (TM) 21 and ProLine Fusion (TM) are LPV-capable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rockwellcollins.com/Data/Products/Integrated_Systems/Flight_Deck/Pro_Line_Fusion.aspx|title=Pro Line Fusion®|publisher=}}</ref> In 2014, Avidyne began equipping general aviation and business aircraft with the IFD540 and IFD440 Navigatorsnavigators incorporating a touch-screen Flight[[flight Managementmanagement Systemsystem]] with full LPV capability.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avidyne.com/products/ifd/index.html|title=Avidyne®|publisher=}}</ref>

Examples of receivers providing LPV capability include (from [[Garmin]]) the GTN 7xx & 6xx, GNS 480, GNS 430W & 530W, and the post 2007 [[Garmin G1000]] with GIA 63W.

Various FMS models, GNSS receivers and FMS upgrades are available from [[Rockwell Collins]] (e.g.<ref>http://www.rockwellcollins.com/~/media/Files/Unsecure/Marketing%20Bulletins%20Rev1/BRS/MBLPV%20FMS%20Upgrade%20for%20CRJ200CL850%20BRS110403.ashx {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092050/http://www.rockwellcollins.com/~/media/Files/Unsecure/Marketing%20Bulletins%20Rev1/BRS/MBLPV%20FMS%20Upgrade%20for%20CRJ200CL850%20BRS110403.ashx |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>). Most new aircraft and helicopters equipped with integrated flight decks such as Rockwell Collins ProLine (TM) 21 and ProLine Fusion (TM) are LPV-capable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rockwellcollins.com/Data/Products/Integrated_Systems/Flight_Deck/Pro_Line_Fusion.aspx|title=Pro Line Fusion®|publisher=}}</ref> In 2014, Avidyne began equipping general aviation and business aircraft with the IFD540 and IFD440 Navigators incorporating a touch-screen Flight Management System with full LPV capability.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avidyne.com/products/ifd/index.html|title=Avidyne®|publisher=}}</ref>

LPV is designed to provide {{convert|25|ft|m}} lateral and vertical accuracy 95 percent of the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/library/documents/media/waas/2892bC2a.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-02-18 |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004122449/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/library/documents/media/waas/2892bC2a.pdf |archivedate=2008-10-04 |df= }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004122449/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/library/documents/media/waas/2892bC2a.pdf |date=2008-10-04 }}</ref> Actual performance has exceeded these levels. WAAS has never been observed to have a vertical error greater than 12 metres in its operational history.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}

As of September 17, 2015 the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has published 3,567 LPV approaches at 1,739 airports. As of October 7, 2021 the FAA has published 4,088 LPV approaches at 1,965 airports. This is greater than the number of published Category I ILS procedures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/approaches/|title=Satellite Navigation - GPS/WAAS Approaches|publisher=}}</ref>

==See also==

<!-- Please respect alphabetical order -->

* [[VNAV]]

* [[LNAV]]

* [[WAAS]]

* [[European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service|EGNOS]]

* [[Index of aviation articles]]

==References==

Line 25 ⟶ 26:

== External links ==

*[http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/media/MaximizingAirportOperationsUsingWAAS.pdf] – FAA – Maximizing Airport Operations Using the Wide Area Augmentation System

*[http://www8.garmin.com/pressroom/aviation/110906.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226080253/http://www8.garmin.com/pressroom/aviation/110906.html |date=2008-12-26 }} – Garmin Receives WAAS Certification for GNS 400W/500W Series

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140201175922/http://avnweb.jccbi.gov/schedule/production] – FAA's Production Plan for IFR Procedures

*[http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/approaches] – FAA LPV Approaches