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{{redirect|Beatmap||drum pattern}}
[[File:Juggling 333 ladder alternate.svg|150px|thumb|Diagrams for the cascade pattern, siteswap: 3]]
[[File:Juggling Shannon's theorem Cascade.png|150px|thumb|[[Juggling#Mathematics|Shannon's theorem]] for the cascade pattern]]
'''Juggling notation''' is the written depiction of concepts and practices in [[juggling]].<ref name=newsci>{{cite journal|issue=2479 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18424792.100 |title= New juggling tricks created by maths (archived, only accessible for paying subscribers)|date=December 25, 2004 |first=Erica |last=Klarreich |journal=[[New Scientist]] |
A juggling notation system (based on [[percussion notation|music notation]]) was first proposed by Dave Storer in 1978 and while the first juggling diagram (a ladder diagram), by [[Claude Shannon]] around 1981, was not printed till 2010, the first printed diagram and second oldest notation system were proposed by Jeff Walker in 1982.<ref name="Lewbel">Lewbel, Arthur (1996). "[http://www.juggle.org/history/archives/jugmags/49-2/v49no2-page%2057.htm The Academic Juggler: The Invention Of Juggling Notations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714182339/http://www.juggle.org/history/archives/jugmags/49-2/v49no2-page%2057.htm |date=2014-07-14 }}", ''Juggle.org''.</ref>
==Diagram-based==
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* '''Ladder diagrams''' - Each rung on the "ladder" represents a point in time (or "beat"). The juggled objects are represented as lines, their paths through time and between a pair of hands.
[[File:Juggling 6 ball 4 count ladder diagram.
* '''Causal diagrams''' - Similar to the ladder diagram but doesn't show the [[juggling prop|props]] held in a juggler's hands. Instead it only shows each "problem" — an incoming prop — and what the juggler should do to make space in his or her hands to catch that incoming prop. It is usually used for [[passing (juggling)|club passing]] and can be displayed or edited in some juggling software.
*'''Mills Mess State Transition Diagrams''' - [[Mills Mess]] is a popular pattern in which the arms cross and uncross. Mills Mess State Transition Diagrams can be used to track these basic arm movements.
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===Siteswap===
{{Main|Siteswap}}
Developed by mathematically inclined jugglers Bengt Magnusson and Bruce "Boppo" Tiemann in 1985,<ref name=newsci/><ref name=nyt>{{cite news|last=Donahue |first=Bill |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/16/science/jugglers-now-juggle-numbers-to-compute-new-tricks-for-ancient-art.html |title=Jugglers Now Juggle Numbers to Compute New Tricks for Ancient Art
A given juggling pattern is represented by a sequence of digits, like "333", "97531", or "744". Each digit represents the number of throws that occur by the time that same prop will be caught. For example, "333" represents a common three-ball [[cascade (juggling)|cascade]], where three props are thrown before the same prop will be caught and thrown again. Within the "531531" pattern, the prop thrown first, the '5' throw, will not be caught until five throws have been made, including itself, where it will be thrown again as a '1'. The prop thrown next, the '3', will be thrown again on the third throw afterwards, the next '3'. And the next prop is thrown with a '1' throw, which is a direct pass to the other hand and will be thrown on the very next throw as a '5'.
Because the number represents the number of throws that occur before that prop will be caught, it also can
The number of props in a given juggling pattern can be determined by the average of one repeating group. "633633633", therefore describes a four-prop pattern, while "414414414" describes a three-prop juggling pattern.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thomwall.com/siteswap-fundamentals|title=Siteswap Fundamentals ⋆ Thom Wall|date=2017-09-05|work=Thom Wall|access-date=2017-11-21|language=en-US}}</ref>
"Vanilla" siteswap is the most basic form of siteswap and uses only a simple string of digits to describe patterns that throw only one prop at a time, alternating between hands. For slightly more complicated patterns, extra rules and syntax are added to create the following two siteswap extensions:
*''Synchronous Siteswap'', or "Synch" Siteswap. This is used to notate patterns where both hands throw at the same time, rather than alternating left and right hands. The numbers for the two throws are combined in parentheses and separated by a comma. For example, "(4,4)(4,4)(4,4)".
*''Multiplex Siteswap''. "Multiplex", in the world of juggling, means "more than one ball is in the hand at the time of the throw". Multiplex Siteswap allows you to notate such patterns, and also can be mixed with synchronous siteswap. A multiplex is described by a digit for each prop in the multiplex throw contained within square brackets. "23[43]23[43]" is a common four ball multiplex.
Vanilla, synch, and multiplex siteswap are the "standard" forms of siteswap. Not only are they understood by jugglers, there are also many computer programs capable of animating juggling patterns entered in siteswap notation.
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Other extensions to siteswap have been developed for specific purposes. These are far less common than the "standard" forms of siteswap, understood by far fewer jugglers and only specialized software.
*'''Passing siteswap''' - used for simple passing patterns
*'''Multi-Hand Notation''' (MHN) - Developed by Ed Carstens for use with his juggling program JugglePro, MHN can describe patterns with any number of hands and at any rhythm
*'''
==References==
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==External links==
{{Juggling}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Juggling Notation}}
[[Category:Notation]]
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