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{{Windows Vista}}
[[Windows Vista]] contains a range of new technologies and features that are intended to help [[network administrator]]s and [[power user]]s better manage their systems.
==Setup==
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Windows Vista Setup.png|thumb|right|Screenshot of the setup process.]] -->
The setup process for Windows Vista has been completely rewritten and is now [[disk image|image-based]] instead of being [[disk sector|sector-based]] as previous versions of Windows were. The Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) has been updated to host the entire setup process in a graphical environment (as opposed to text-based environments of previous versions of Windows), which allows the use of input devices other than the keyboard throughout the entire setup process. The new interface resembles Windows Vista itself, with features such as [[ClearType]] fonts and [[Windows Aero]] visual effects. Prior to copying the setup image to disk, users can create, format, and graphically resize disk partitions. The new image-based setup also reduces the duration of the installation procedure when contrasted with Windows XP; Microsoft estimates that Windows Vista can install in as few as 20 minutes despite being more than three times the size of its predecessor.<ref name="InstallationTime">{{cite web |url=http://www.winsupersite.com/showcase/winvista_rc1_best.asp |title=Supersite's Five Great Features in Windows Vista RC1 |last=Thurrott |first=Paul |
Windows XP only supported loading storage drivers from [[floppy diskette]]s during initialization of the setup process; Windows Vista supports loading drivers for [[SATA]], [[SCSI]], and [[RAID]] controllers from any external source in addition to floppy diskettes prior to its installation.<ref name="UpgradingAndRepairingPCs">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jw7yCQAAQBAJ&q=%22Windows+XP+and+earlier+only+support+loading+these+drivers+from+a+floppy+disk%2C+whereas+Windows+Vista+and+later+support+optical+drives+as+well+as+USB+drives%22&pg=PT542 |title=Upgrading and Repairing PCs |last=Mueller |first=Scott |date=2015 |page=295 |publisher=[[Que Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-13-405769-9 |access-date=May 1, 2016}}</ref>
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==System recovery==
{{main|Windows Recovery Environment}}
The new ''Windows Recovery Environment'' (''WinRE'') detects and repairs various operating system problems; it presents a set of options dedicated to diagnostics including [[Management features new to Windows Vista#Startup Repair|Startup Repair]], [[System Restore]], [[Backup and Restore]], Windows Memory
===Startup Repair===
''Startup Repair'' (formerly ''System Recovery Troubleshooter Wizard''<ref name="WinHEC2004">{{cite web |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/8/f/18f8cee2-0b64-41f2-893d-a6f2295b40c8/TW04046_WINHEC2004.ppt |title=Longhorn Manufacturing Features |last=Myers |first=Mark |date=2004 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827073150/http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/8/f/18f8cee2-0b64-41f2-893d-a6f2295b40c8/TW04046_WINHEC2004.ppt |archive-date=August 27, 2006 |format=PPT |access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref>) is a diagnostic feature designed to repair systems that cannot boot due to operating system corruption, incompatible drivers, or damaged hardware; it scans for corruption of operating system components such as [[Boot Configuration Data]] and the [[Windows Registry]] and also checks [[boot sector]]s, [[file system]] metadata, [[Master Boot Record]]s, and [[partition table]]s for errors and whether the root cause for failure originated during an installation of Windows.<ref name="WindowsRE">{{cite web |url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc722188%28v=ws.10%29.aspx |title=How Windows RE Works |author=Microsoft |author-link=Microsoft |work=[[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]] |access-date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Microsoft designed ''Startup Repair'' to repair over eighty percent of issues that users may experience.<ref name="WinHEC2004"/><ref name="WinHEC2005">{{cite web |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/8/f/98f3fe47-dfc3-4e74-92a3-088782200fe7/TWAR05003_WinHEC05.ppt |title=Longhorn OS Deployment and Manufacturing Features |last=Myers |first=Mark |date=2005 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050525220614/http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/8/f/98f3fe47-dfc3-4e74-92a3-088782200fe7/TWAR05003_WinHEC05.ppt |archive-date=May 25, 2005 |format=PPT |access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> Windows Vista [[Windows Vista#Service Pack 1|Service Pack 1]] enhances Startup Repair to replace additional system files during the repair process that may be damaged or missing due to corruption.<ref name="TechNetNotableSP1">{{cite web |url=http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/005f921e-f706-401e-abb5-eec42ea0a03e1033.mspx?mfr=true |title=Notable Changes in Vista Service Pack 1 |date=2008 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503040732/http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/005f921e-f706-401e-abb5-eec42ea0a03e1033.mspx?mfr=true |archive-date=May 3, 2008 |
==Component Based Servicing==
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| quote = Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 have a new architecture, called Component Based Servicing (CBS) to capture all the dependencies across binaries, system integrity information per resource, and any customized commands [...] needed for servicing to occur. The new architecture provides a unified platform for OS installation and optional component installation and servicing.
}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.msmvps.com/bradley/2009/03/27/cbs-is-not-the-television-network-rather-it-s-your-new-patch-logs/|title=CBS is not the television network, rather
==Deployment==
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A new feature called [[Problem Reports and Solutions]] has also been added. It is a [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]] applet that keeps a record of all system and application errors and issues, as well as presents probable solutions to problems.
==
Windows Vista introduces major diagnostic capabilities, which include new feature additions for monitoring performance and for reporting issues:<ref name="WVPG">{{cite web |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/9/8/c988dce4-1971-4ad4-a1ef-df99e596a4cc/WVPG%20RTM.docx |title=Windows Vista Product Guide |date=2006 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930121347/http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/9/8/c988dce4-1971-4ad4-a1ef-df99e596a4cc/WVPG%20RTM.docx |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |access-date=February 21, 2021 }}</ref>
* The [[Resource Monitor|Performance Monitor]] includes several new [[Performance Monitoring Counter|performance counters]] and various tools for tuning and monitoring system performance and resources. It shows the activities of the CPU, disk I/O, network, memory and other resources in the "Resource View". It supports new graph types, the selection of multiple counters, the retrieval of counter values from a point on the graph, the saving of graphed counter values to a log file, and the option to have a line graph continuously scroll in the graph window instead of wrapping-around on itself.▼
* A new ''Performance Information and Tools'' [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]] applet includes details and features related to performance.
* A new [[Resource Monitor]] includes System Stability Reports that graph daily events such as application crashes and hangs, device driver and hardware issues, software installations, and system crashes on a System Stability Chart so that users can view system performance over time. Generic details on the chart are signified by an [[information sign]]; errors are denoted by a red [[hazard symbol]] and potential issues are denoted by a yellow caution symbol. System Stability Reports assign a daily System Reliability Index, with a value of 10.0 indicating no problems; if an issue occurs, the daily value of a system will decrease, but it will gradually increase with each subsequent day where no issue has occurred. Users can view the history of System Stability Reports.<ref name="TrackBehavior">{{cite web |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/track-the-behavior-of-your-system-with-windows-vistas-reliability-monitor/ |title=Track the behavior of your system with Windows Vista's Reliability Monitor |last=Schultz |first=Greg |date=June 13, 2007 |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |work=[[TechRepublic]] |access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref> The Resource Monitor uses system statistics from the Reliability Analysis Component (RAC).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Phillips |first1=Harry |title=New Perspectives on Microsoft Windows 7 for Power Users |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_EJko1cN-ngC |series=SAM 2010 Compatible Products Series |publisher=Cengage Learning |publication-date=2011 |page=506 |quote=Reliability Monitor, introduced in Windows Vista and enhanced in Windows 7, is a tool that gathers, analyzes, and reports on the reliability and stability of your computer using data collected by the Reliability Analysis Component (RAC) of Windows 7. |isbn=9781111526498 |access-date=May 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1= Stidley |first1= Joel |title= MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration Study Guide: Exam 70-643 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AfqSLpN65uYC |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |publication-date=2012 |pages=11–13 |quote=Data collection and processing is carried out by Reliability Monitor through the Reliability Analysis Component (RAC). Data is automatically gathered by the availability analysis metrics calculation executable (<code>racagent.exe</code>), which processes the data based on its analysis, aggregation, and correlation of user disruptions in the operating system, programs, and services into availability metrics. |isbn= 9781118435120 |access-date=January 19, 2015}}</ref>
* A ''Program Compatibility Assistant'' automatically detects known application compatibility issues (such as conflicts with [[User Account Control]]) and presents options for problem resolution; the Program Compatibility Wizard that allows for manually changing compatibility settings is still available.<ref name="PCA">{{cite web |url=https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ask-the-performance-team/the-program-compatibility-assistant-part-one/ba-p/372538 |title=The Program Compatibility Assistant - Part One |last=Marcho |first=Graig |date=October 2, 2007 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125093310/https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ask-the-performance-team/the-program-compatibility-assistant-part-one/ba-p/372538 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |access-date=December 14, 2022}}</ref>
* Client performance degradation such as application or driver interference with power transitions, increased boot, hibernation, or resume times, and reduced system performance due to system visual settings are monitored and reported to the user with options for problem resolution.<ref name="WVPG"/>
* Disk Diagnostics detect impending [[hard disk drive failure]]s and prompt the user to perform backups, and to repair or replace the hard disk drive after Windows Vista detects a hard disk problem.<ref name="WVPG"/>
* Memory Diagnostics (comprising the Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool) check for issues caused by random access memory modules.<ref name="WVPG"/>
* A new feature called Resource Exhaustion Prevention can detect when memory is low and determine which applications are causing this. A [[memory leak]] diagnostic can provide information about application that may have memory leaks.<ref name="REP">{{cite web |url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc774730%28v=ws.10%29.aspx |title=Resource Exhaustion Prevention |date=December 6, 2007 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]] |access-date=April 25, 2015}}</ref>▼
* Network Diagnostics, part of an extensible Network Diagnostics Framework, check for network connection problems and repair most of them automatically; options for resolution are presented when a problem is not repaired automatically.<ref name="WVPG"/> With the release of Service Pack 1, Network Diagnostics can also solve the most common file sharing problems.<ref name="TechNetNotableSP1"/>
▲*
▲*
** When run from an elevated command prompt, the <code>perfmon /report</code> command and parameter produce a comprehensive ''System Diagnostics Report'' complete with details such as hard disk throughout and Wi-Fi performance.<ref name="PerfmonReport">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.technet.com/b/askperf/archive/2008/05/02/two-minute-drill-system-diagnostics-report.aspx |title=Two Minute Drill: System Diagnostics Report |last=Morrison |first=Blake |date=May 2, 2008 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[Microsoft TechNet]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105224137/http://blogs.technet.com/b/askperf/archive/2008/05/02/two-minute-drill-system-diagnostics-report.aspx |archive-date=November 5, 2015 |access-date=December 2, 2015}}</ref>
* When users attach an external storage device with potential file system errors, the user will be prompted to scan for and fix the file system corruption (''Do you want to scan and fix Removable Disk?'').
* When Windows is rebooted after an unexpected shutdown (such as those caused by a [[blue screen of death]]), the user is informed that the shutdown was unexpected (''Windows has recovered from an unexpected shutdown'') and is provided an option to report the incident to Microsoft for problem analysis and resolution.
* [[Task Manager]] presents more detailed system information and monitoring. Memory consumption is now displayed as a percentage value instead of as separate [[commit charge]] values. A ''Services'' page displays all services, with descriptions, names, process IDs, groups, and statuses, and there are ''Go To Process'', ''Start Service'', and ''Stop Service'' context menu options. The following changes were also made to Task Manager pages:<ref name="HarderToDetect">{{cite web |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/windows-vistas-task-manager-the-harder-to-detect-changes/ |title=Windows Vista's Task Manager: The harder-to-detect changes |last=Shultz |first=Greg |date=February 21, 2007 |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |work=[[TechRepublic]] |access-date=December 1, 2022}}</ref>
** The ''Applications'' page includes a new ''Create Dump File'' context menu option
** The ''Performance'' page includes an option to open the new Resource Monitor, and now shows memory usage (in addition to page file usage) and system [[uptime]]
** The ''Processes'' page includes new ''Command Line'', ''Description'', ''[[Executable space protection#Windows|Data Execution Prevention]]'', ''Image Path Name'', and ''Virtualization'' column options
** The ''Processes'' page also includes new ''Open File Location'' and ''Properties'' context menu options
* Unresponsive application windows receive visual treatment — they are superimposed with window frosting — to indicate the application has ceased to respond.
* Windows Vista contains diagnostic tracing hooks around plug and play operations; because of this users can, for example, view devices that have failed to start, or view unsuccessful plug and play operations such as failed ejections of removable storage devices, with information about the application path, process id, and veto time of the application that caused the ejection to fail.<ref name="PNP">{{cite web |url=https://download.microsoft.com/download/5/b/9/5b97017b-e28a-4bae-ba48-174cf47d23cd/cpa060_wh06.ppt |title=Kernel Plug And Play In Windows Vista |last=Marshall |first=Allen |date=2006 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |format=PPT |access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref>
* Windows Vista introduces a new help and support architecture and interface based on the Assistance Platform client and [[Microsoft Assistance Markup Language|MAML]]; the new architecture is not backward-compatible with previous versions of Windows.<ref name="WindowsVistaDeveloperStory">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com//library/en-us/dnlong/html/AppComp.asp |title=The Windows Vista Developer Story: Application Compatibility Cookbook ('Longhorn' Technical Articles) |author=Microsoft |author-link=Microsoft |work=[[MSDN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108024243/http://msdn.microsoft.com//library/en-us/dnlong/html/AppComp.asp |archive-date=January 8, 2007 |access-date=May 10, 2015}}</ref>
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070108024243/http://msdn.microsoft.com//library/en-us/dnlong/html/AppComp.asp ▼
|archive-date= January 8, 2007 ▼
==Remote management==
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|date=July 10, 2006
|access-date=2006-07-17
▲|archive-url=
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The defragmenter is not based on an [[Microsoft Management Console|MMC]] snap-in. The [[command line interface|command line]] utility <code>defrag.exe</code> offers more control over the defragmentation process.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.windowsvistauserguide.com/disk_defragmenter.htm
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==Group Policy==
{{main|Group Policy}}
Windows Vista introduces a new XML based file format, <code>ADMX</code> as a replacement for now legacy <code>ADM</code> files to manage [[Group policy|Group Policy]] settings, as well as a new <code>ADML</code> file format for Administrative Templates. Windows Vista additionally introduces a Central Store for ADMX files; Group Policy tools use ADMX files in the Central Store, and these files are replicated to all ___domain controllers in a [[Windows Server ___domain|___domain]].<ref name="CentralStore">{{cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/group-policy/create-central-store-___domain-controller |title=How to create the Central Store for Group Policy Administrative Template files in Windows Vista |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |accessdate=February 19, 2021}}</ref>
Windows Vista includes around 2400 [[Group policy|Group Policy]] settings,<ref>Citation Needed</ref> which allow administrators to specify configuration for connected groups of computers, especially in a [[Windows Server ___domain|___domain]]. Windows Vista supports Multiple Local Group Policy Objects which allows setting different levels of Local Group Policy for individual users.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/9c7ecc7d-8784-4b8d-ba1f-ba1882ba83741033.mspx | title = Step-by-Step Guide to Managing Multiple Local Group Policy Objects | access-date = 2007-10-08 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071007154822/http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/9c7ecc7d-8784-4b8d-ba1f-ba1882ba83741033.mspx | archive-date = 2007-10-07 }}</ref> A new XML based policy definition file format, known as ADMX has been introduced. ADMX files contain the configuration settings for individual Group Policy Objects (GPO). For ___domain based GPOs, the ADMX files can be centrally stored, and all computers on the ___domain will retrieve them to configure themselves, using the [[File Replication Service]], which is used to replicate files on a configured system from a remote ___location. The Group Policy service is no longer attached with the [[Winlogon]] service, rather it runs as a service on its own. Group Policy event messages are now logged in the system [[Event Viewer|event log]]. Group Policy uses ''Network Location Awareness'' to refresh the policy configuration as soon as a network configuration change is detected.▼
▲Windows Vista includes
New categories for policy settings include power management, device installations, security settings, Internet Explorer settings, and printer settings, among others. Group Policy settings also need to be used, to enable two way communication filtering in the [[Windows Firewall#Windows Vista|Windows Firewall]], which by default enables only incoming data filtering. Printer settings can be used to install printers based on the network ___location. Whenever the user connects to a different network, the available printers are updated for the new network. Group Policy settings specify which printer is available on which network. Also, printer settings can be used to allow standard users to install printers. Group Policy can also be used for specifying [[
Windows Vista improves [[Folder redirection|Folder Redirection]] by introducing the ability to independently redirect up to 10 user profile sub-folders to a network ___location.<ref>[http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/fb3681b2-da39-4944-93ad-dd3b6e8ca4dc1033.mspx?mfr=true Managing Roaming User Data Deployment Guide] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405183000/http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/fb3681b2-da39-4944-93ad-dd3b6e8ca4dc1033.mspx?mfr=true |date=2008-04-05 }}</ref> Up to Windows XP, only the ''Application Data'', ''Desktop'', ''My Documents'', ''My Pictures'', and ''Start Menu'' folders can be redirected to a file server. There is also a [[Microsoft Management Console|Management Console]] snap-in in Windows Vista to allow users to configure Folder Redirection for clients running Windows Vista, Windows XP, and [[Windows 2000]].
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* rpcping — Pings a [[Server (computing)|server]] using [[MSRPC|RPC]].
* setx — Creates or modifies [[environment variable]]s in the user or system environment. Can set variables based on [[Parameter (computer science)|arguments]], [[Windows Registry|registry keys]] or file input.
* sxstrace — [[Features new to Windows XP#
* takeown — Allows administrators to ''take ownership'' of a file for which access is denied.
* [[timeout (command)|timeout]] — Accepts a timeout parameter to wait for the specified time period (in seconds) or until any key is pressed. It also accepts a parameter to ignore the key press.
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* wevtutil — ''Windows Event'' command line utility.
* where — Displays the ___location of files that match the search pattern. By default, the search is done along the current directory and in the paths specified by the <code>PATH</code> environment variable.
* [[
* [[winrm.cmd]] — Windows Remote Management command line utility.
* [[winrs]] — Windows Remote Shell (WinRS) allows establishing secure ''Windows Remote Management'' sessions to multiple remote computers from a single console.
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