Human-centered computing: Difference between revisions

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'''Human-centered computing''' ('''HCC''') studies the design, development, and deployment of mixed-initiative human-computer systems. It is emerged from the convergence of multiple disciplines that are concerned both with understanding human beings and with the design of computational artifacts.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242103770 | title=Human-centered computing: toward a human revolution | journal=Computer | volume=40 | issue=5 | pages=30–34 | date=Nov 20, 2007 |author1=Alejandro Jaimes |author2=Daniel Gatica-Perez |author3=Nicu Sebe |author4=Thomas S. Huang | doi=10.1109/MC.2007.169 | s2cid=2180344 }}</ref> Human-centered computing is closely related to [[human-computer interaction]] and [[information science]]. Human-centered computing is usually concerned with systems and practices of technology use while human-computer interaction is more focused on [[ergonomics]] and the [[usability]] of computing artifacts and information science is focused on practices surrounding the collection, manipulation, and use of [[information]].

Human-centered computing researchers and practitioners usually come from one or more disciplines such as [[computer science]], [[human factors]], [[sociology]], [[psychology]], [[cognitive science]], [[anthropology]], [[communication studies]], [[graphic design]] , and [[industrial design]]. Some researchers focus on understanding humans, both as individuals and in social groups, by focusing on the ways that human beings adopt and organize their lives around computational technologies. Others focus on designing and developing new computational artifacts.

== Overview ==

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HCC aims at bridging the existing gaps between the various disciplines involved with the design and implementation of computing systems that support human's activities.<ref name=":2"/> Meanwhile, it is a set of methodologies that apply to any field that uses computers in applications in which people directly interact with devices or systems that use computer technologies.

HCC facilitates the design of effective computer systems that take into account personal, social, and cultural aspects and addresses issues such as information design, [[human information interaction]], human-computer interaction, human-human interaction, and the relationships between computing technology and art, social, and cultural issues.<ref name=":2"/>

=== HCC topics ===

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== Human-centered systems ==

'''Human-centered systems''' ('''HCS''') are systems designed for human-centered computing. This approach was developed by [[Mike Cooley (engineer)|Mike Cooley]] in his book ''[[Architect or Bee?]]'' <ref>http://www.spokesmanbooks.com/Spokesman/PDF/131OGrady.pdf | Architect or Bee? The human price of technology</ref> drawing on his experience working with the [[Lucas Industries#Lucas Plan (1976)|Lucas Plan]]. HCS focuses on the design of interactive systems as they relate to human activities.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Human-Centered Systems &#124; Research Areas &#124; Research {{!}} Computer Science & Engineering {{!}} College of Engineering|url = http://engineering.tamu.edu/cse/research/areas/human-centered-systems|website = engineering.tamu.edu|access-date = 2015-04-17|first = Texas|last = Communications|archive-date = April 17, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150417233615/http://engineering.tamu.edu/cse/research/areas/human-centered-systems|url-status = dead}}</ref> According to Kling et al., the Committee on Computing, Information, and Communication of the [[National Science and Technology Council]], identified human-centered systems, or HCS, as one of five components for a High Performance Computing Program.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Human Centered Systems in the Perspective of Organizational and Social Informatics|url = http://philfeldman.com/Human_centered_systems_in_the_perspective_of_organizational_and_social_informatics.pdf|website = philfeldman.com|access-date = 2015-04-17}}</ref> Human-centered systems can be referred to in terms of human-centered automation. According to Kling et al., HCS refers to "systems that are:

# based on the analysis of the human tasks the system is aiding

# monitored for performance in terms of human benefits

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== Human-computer interaction ==

Within the field of [[human-computer interaction]] (HCI), the term "user-centered" is commonly used. The main focus of this approach is to thoroughly understand and address user needs to drive the design process. However, human-centered computing (HCC) goes beyond conventional areas like [[usability engineering]], human-computer interaction, and human factors which primarily deal with [[user interfacesinterface]]s and interactions. Experts define HCC as a discipline that integrates disciplines such as learning sciences, [[social sciencesscience]]s, [[cognitive sciencesscience]]s, and intelligent systems more extensively compared to traditional HCI practices.

The concept of human-centered computing (HCC) is regarded as an essential aspect within the realm of computer-related research, extending beyond being just a subset discipline of computer science. The HCC perspective acknowledges that "computing" encompasses tangible technologies that enable diverse tasks while also serving as a significant social and economic influence.

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| publisher = [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC]]

| year = 2013

| url = http://www.upmctdc.com/Pages/Careers.aspx}}

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101226065618/http://www.upmctdc.com/Pages/Careers.aspx

| url-status = dead

| archive-date = December 26, 2010

}}

* "[http://home.comcast.net/~WJClancey/HMP99/hcc.html HMP-99 Science Field Report]" NASA Ames Research Center