Systems modeling language: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|General-purpose modeling language}}

'''SysML''', or Systems Modeling Language, is a general-purpose [[systems engineering]] [[computer simulation|modeling]] language. SysML is derived from, and is an extension of, [[Unified Modeling Language]] Version 2.0. SysML specfication 1.0 was finalized [[April 26]], [[2006]] and is expected to be formally ratified by member organizations in February, 2007.

[[File:Sysml diagrams collage.jpg|thumb|240px|SysML diagrams collage]]

The '''systems modeling language''' ('''SysML''')<ref>''Flexible Views for View-based Model-driven Development'' By Burger, Erik. KIT Scientific Publishing, Nov 14, 2014. Pg. 250.</ref> is a [[general-purpose modeling]] language for [[systems engineering]] applications. It supports the specification, [[analysis]], [[design]], [[verification and validation]] of a broad range of systems and [[System of systems|systems-of-systems]].

SysML was originally developed by an [[open source]] specification project, and includes an open source license for distribution and use.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SysML Open Source Project: What is SysML? Who created it? |url=https://sysml.org/index.html |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=SysML.org |language=en}}</ref> SysML is defined as an extension of a subset of the [[Unified Modeling Language]] (UML) using [[profile (UML)|UML's profile mechanism]]. The language's extensions were designed to support systems engineering activities.

==A tool to connect mechanical, electrical, and software sub-systems==

SysML is notable for the wide range of systems concepts it can model. In an automotive application, for example, the language can be used to specify mechanical objectives and constraints such as maximum acceleration, [[curb weight]], [[air conditioning]] performance, and interior cabin [[acoustical engineering|noise management]]. It can specify electrical parameters ranging from the [[FM radio]] [[tuning sensitivty]] to the [[real-time]] response of the [[antilock brake|anti-lock braking]] control electronics. It can specify and model the [[embedded software]] used to control the on-board automotive computers. Finally, it can model the factories used to build the car, as well as the interfaces between the organizations that work in the factory.

== Contrast with UML ==

A notable innovation of SysML is support for [[requirements modeling]]. During the design process, designers and users of specific sub-systems can communicate the design criteria using several alternative design formats including diagrams, tables, and tree structures. The requirements provide a checkable interface and documentation of the evolution of the system design over time.

SysML offers several systems engineering specific improvements over [[Unified Modelling Language|UML]], which has been developed as a software modeling language. These improvements include the following:

* SysML's diagrams express system engineering concepts better due to the removal of UML's software-centric restrictions and adds two new diagram types, requirement and parametric diagrams. The former can be used for [[requirements engineering]]; the latter can be used for [[Profiling (computer programming)|performance analysis]] and [[Statistics|quantitative analysis]]. Consequent to these enhancements, SysML is able to model a wide range of systems, which may include hardware, software, information, processes, personnel, and facilities.

SysML does not replace the simulation tools used to model specific subsystems, but rather provides the "glue" to model the interaction between subsystems.

* SysML is a comparatively small language that is easier to learn and apply.<ref>Embedded Systems Security. By David Kleidermacher, Mike Kleidermacher. Elsevier, 2012. Pg 180.</ref> Since SysML removes many of UML's software-centric constructs, the overall language is smaller both in diagram types and total constructs.

* SysML allocation tables support common kinds of allocations. Whereas UML provides only limited support for tabular notations, SysML furnishes flexible allocation tables that support requirements allocation, functional allocation, and structural allocation. This capability facilitates automated [[verification and validation]] (V&V) and gap analysis.

* SysML model management constructs support models, views, and viewpoints. These constructs extend UML's capabilities and are architecturally aligned with [[IEEE-Std-1471-2000]] (IEEE Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software Intensive Systems).

SysML reuses seven of UML 2's fourteen "[[nominative]]" types of [[diagram]]s,<ref>{{cite book

SysML holds particular appeal for the [[aerospace|aerospace industry]] which designs products with highly optimized electrical, mechanical, and software sub-systems. In creating a standardized modeling language, it is hoped that the design tradeoffs can be better managed.

|chapter=Annex A: Diagrams (normative)

|title=Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1

|series=[[Object Management Group |OMG]] Document Number formal/2017-12-05

|date=December 2017

|publisher=[[Object Management Group]] Standards Development Organization (OMG SDO)

|page=683

|url=https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1/PDF

}}

</ref>

and adds two diagrams (requirement and parametric diagrams) for a total of nine diagram types. SysML also supports allocation tables, a tabular format that can be dynamically derived from SysML allocation relationships. A table which compares SysML and UML 2 diagrams is available in the SysML FAQ.

Consider modeling an automotive system: with SysML one can use Requirement diagrams to efficiently capture functional, performance, and interface requirements, whereas with UML one is subject to the limitations of [[use case diagram]]s to define high-level functional requirements. Likewise, with SysML one can use Parametric diagrams to precisely define performance and quantitative constraints like maximum [[acceleration]], minimum [[curb weight]], and total [[air conditioning]] capacity. UML provides no straightforward mechanism to capture this sort of essential performance and quantitative information.

==Sponsorship==

SysML is sponsored by the [[Object Management Group]] (OMG) and [[INCOSE]].

Concerning the rest of the automotive system, enhanced [[activity diagram]]s and [[State diagram#UML state diagram|state machine diagrams]] can be used to specify the [[embedded software]] control logic and information flows for the on-board automotive computers. Other SysML structural and behavioral diagrams can be used to model factories that build the automobiles, as well as the interfaces between the organizations that work in the factories.

The language was developed to meet the requirements contained in the UML for Systems Engineering RFP (ad/2003-03-41).

==Partners History ==

The SysML initiative originated in a January 2001 decision by the [[INCOSE|International Council on Systems Engineering]] (INCOSE) Model Driven Systems Design workgroup to customize the UML for systems engineering applications. Following this decision, INCOSE and the [[Object Management Group]] (OMG), which maintains the UML specification, jointly chartered the OMG Systems Engineering Domain Special Interest Group (SE DSIG) in July 2001. The SE DSIG, with support from INCOSE and the [[ISO 10303|ISO AP 233]] workgroup, developed the requirements for the modeling language, which were subsequently issued by the OMG parting in the ''UML for Systems Engineering Request for Proposal'' (UML for SE RFP; OMG document ad/03-03-41) in March 2003.<ref name="rfp">{{cite web|website=OMG SE DSIG|title=UML for Systems Engineering RFP|url=http://syseng.omg.org/UML_for_SE_RFP.htm|access-date=2006-06-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012011253/http://syseng.omg.org/UML_for_SE_RFP.htm |archive-date= Oct 12, 2006 }}</ref>

The following companies submitted or supported parts of the specification of SysML

In 2003 David Oliver and Sanford Friedenthal of INCOSE requested that [[Cris Kobryn]], who successfully led the UML 1 and UML 2 language design teams, lead their joint effort to respond to the UML for SE RFP.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=SysML Partners: Creators of the SysML |url=https://sysml.org/sysml-partners/index.html |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=SysML.org |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018204237/https://sysml.org/sysml-partners/index.html |archive-date= Oct 18, 2022 }}</ref> As Chair of the SysML Partners, Kobryn coined the language name "SysML" (short for "Systems Modeling Language"), designed the original SysML logo, and organized the SysML Language Design team as an open source specification project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SysML FAQ: Who created SysML and how did it get its name? |url=https://sysml.org/sysml-faq//sysml-faq/who-created-sysml.html |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=SysML.org |language=en}}{{dead link|date=April 2024}}</ref> Friedenthal served as Deputy Chair, and helped organize the original SysML Partners team.

===Industry===

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* [[American Systems Corporation]]

* [[BAE Systems]]

* [[Boeing]]

* [[Deere & Company]]

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* [[EADS]] Astrium

* [[Eurostep]]

* [[Israel Aircraft Industries]] (IAI)

* [[Lockheed Martin]] Corporation

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* [[Motorola]]

* [[Northrop Grumman]]

* [[oose Innovative Informatik]]

* [[PivotPoint Technology]]

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* [[Raytheon]]

* [[THALES]]

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In January 2005, the SysML Partners published the SysML v0.9 draft specification. Later, in August 2005, Friedenthal and several other original SysML Partners left to establish a competing SysML Submission Team (SST).<ref name=":1" /> The SysML Partners released the SysML v1.0 Alpha specification in November 2005.

===US Government===

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* [[NASA]]/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]

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* National Institute of Standards and Technology ([[NIST]])

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* [[DoD]]/Department of the Secretary of Defense

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===Vendors OMG SysML ===

After a series of competing SysML specification proposals, a SysML Merge Team was proposed to the OMG in April 2006.<ref>[http://www.omg.org/docs/ad/06-03-01.pdf OMG document ad/06-03-01] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201130201/http://www.omg.org/docs/ad/06-03-01.pdf |date=2008-12-01 }}</ref> This proposal was voted upon and adopted by the OMG in July 2006 as OMG SysML, to differentiate it from the original open source specification from which it was derived. Because OMG SysML is derived from open source SysML, it also includes an open source license for distribution and use.

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* [[ARTISAN Software Tools]]

* [[Ceira Technologies]]

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* [[EmbeddedPlus Engineering]]

* [[Gentleware]]

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* [[Telelogic]]

* [[Structure Software Systems Limited]]

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* [[Sparx Systems]]

* [[Vitech]]

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The OMG SysML v. 1.0 specification was issued by the OMG as an Available Specification in September 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omg.org/spec/SysML/1.0/PDF|title=OMG Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML™), V1.0 |date=September 2007 |work=Object Management Group|access-date=2014-12-04}}</ref> The current version of OMG SysML is v1.6, which was issued by the OMG in December 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.omg.org/spec/SysML/1.6/|title = About the OMG Systems Modeling Language Specification Version 1.6 |work =Object Management Group|access-date = 2020-01-14}}</ref> In addition, SysML was published by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) in 2017 as a full [[International standard|International Standard]] (IS), ISO/IEC 19514:2017 (Information technology -- Object management group systems modeling language).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/65231.html|title=ISO/IEC 19514:2017 - Information technology -- Object management group systems modeling language (OMG SysML)|website=ISO |language=en|access-date=2017-12-29}}</ref>

===Academia===

* [[Georgia Institue of Technology]]

The OMG has been working on the next generation of SysML and issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) for version 2 on December 8, 2017, following its open standardization process.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.omgwiki.org/OMGSysML/doku.php?id=sysml-roadmap:sysml_v2_requirements_review_page|title=sysml-roadmap:sysml_v2_requirements_review_page [OMG SysML Portal]|website=OMG Wiki |language=en|access-date=2017-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omg.org/gettingstarted/processintro.htm|title=OMG Process Introduction |website=Object Management Group |language=en|access-date=2017-12-29}}</ref> The resulting specification, which will incorporate language enhancements from experience applying the language, will include a UML profile, a [[Metamodeling|metamodel]], and a mapping between the profile and metamodel.<ref name=":0" /> A second RFP for a SysML v2 [[Application programming interface|Application Programming Interface]] (API) and Services RFP was issued in June 2018. Its aim is to enhance the interoperability of [[model-based systems engineering]] tools.

===Liasons===

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* Consultative Committe for Space Data Systems ([[CCSDS]])

* Embedded Architecture and Software Technologiyes (EAST)

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* [[International Council on Systems Engineering]] (INCOSE)

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* ISO STEP AP233

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* Systems Level Design Language (SLDL) and Rosetta

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==External linksDiagrams ==

SysML includes 9 types of diagram, some of which are taken from [[Unified Modelling Language|UML]].

*[http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=187200782 EE Times article on SysML (May 8, 2006)]

*[http://www.sysml.org www.SysML.org]

* [[Activity diagram]]

* [[Block definition diagram]]

* [[Internal block diagram]]

* [[Package diagram]]

* [[Parametric diagram]]

* [[Requirement diagram]]

* [[Sequence diagram]]

* [[State machine diagram]]

* [[Use case diagram]]

== Tools ==

There are several modeling tool vendors offering SysML support. Lists of tool vendors who support SysML or OMG SysML can be found on the SysML Forum<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sysmlforum.com/sysml-tools/|title=Commercial, Free & Open Source SysML Tools for MBSE|work=sysmlforum.com|access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> or SysML<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omgsysml.org|title=OMG SysML|work=omgsysml.org|access-date=2014-12-04}}</ref> websites, respectively.

=== Model exchange ===

As an [[Object Management Group|OMG]] [[Unified Modeling Language|UML 2.0]] [[profile (UML)|profile]], SysML models are designed to be exchanged using the [[XML Metadata Interchange]] (XMI) standard. In addition, architectural alignment work is underway to support the [[ISO 10303]] (also known as STEP, the Standard for the Exchange of Product model data) AP-233 standard for exchanging and sharing information between [[systems engineering]] software applications and tools.

== See also ==

* [[SoaML]]

* [[Energy systems language]]

* [[Object process methodology]]

* [[Universal Systems Language]]

* [[List of SysML tools]]

== References ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book

| first= Laurent

| last = Balmelli

| year = 2007

| url = http://www.jot.fm/issues/issue_2007_07/article5.pdf

| title = An Overview of the Systems Modeling Language for Products and Systems Development

| publisher = Journal of Object Technology, vol. 6, no. 6, July–August 2007, pp. 149-177

}}

* {{cite book

| first= Lenny

| last = Delligatti

| year = 2013

| url = http://www.informit.com/store/sysml-distilled-a-brief-guide-to-the-systems-modeling-9780321927866

| title = SysML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Systems Modeling Language

| publisher = Addison-Wesley Professional

| isbn=978-0-321-92786-6

}}

* {{cite book

| first= Jon

| last = Holt

| year = 2008

| url = http://www.theiet.org/resources/books/computing/sysml.cfm

| title = SysML for Systems Engineering

| publisher = The Institution of Engineering and Technology

| isbn=978-0-86341-825-9

}}

* {{cite book

| first= Tim

| last = Weilkiens

| year = 2008

| url = http://www.system-modeling.com

| title = Systems Engineering with SysML/UML: Modeling, Analysis, Design

| publisher = Morgan Kaufmann / The OMG Press

| isbn=978-0-12-374274-2

}}

* {{cite book

| title = A Practical Guide to SysML: The Systems Modeling Language

| last1 = Friedenthal

| first1= Sanford

|last2=Moore|first2=Alan|last3=Steiner|first3=Rick| publisher = Morgan Kaufmann / The OMG Press

| year = 2016

| isbn=978-0-12-800202-5

|edition=Third}}

* {{cite book

| first= Bruce

| last = Douglass

| year = 2015

| title = Agile Systems Engineering

| publisher = Morgan Kaufmann

| isbn=978-0128021200

}}

== External links ==

* Introduction to Systems Modeling Language (SysML), [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGDErNmqNLw Part 1] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tJq6DgY0BE Part 2]. YouTube.

* [http://www.sysml.org SysML Open Source Specification Project] Provides information related to SysML open source specifications, FAQ, mailing lists, and open source licenses.

* [http://www.omgsysml.org OMG SysML Website] Furnishes information related to the OMG SysML specification, SysML tutorial, papers, and tool vendor information.

* Article "[http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=187200782 EE Times article on SysML (May 8, 2006)]"

* SE^2 MBSE Challenge team: "[http://mbse.gfse.de Telescope Modeling]"

* Paper "[http://www.omgsysml.org/SysML_Modelling_Language_explained-finance.pdf System Modelling Language explained]" (PDF format)

*[https://www.bruce-douglass.com Bruce Douglass: Real-Time Agile Systems and Software Development]

* [https://mbse4u.com/sysml-v2-tools/ List of Popular SysML Modeling Tools]

{{Systems Engineering}}

{{SysML}}

{{UML}}

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