Cuneiform (Unicode block): Difference between revisions

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{{also|Early Dynastic Cuneiform|l1=Early Dynastic Cuneiform (Unicode block)|Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation|l2=Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation (Unicode block)}}

{{Infobox Unicode block

|blockname = Cuneiform

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* U+12480–U+1254F '''[[Early Dynastic Cuneiform]]'''

The sample glyphs in the chart file published by the Unicode Consortium<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U12000.pdf Cuneiform Unicode.org chart (PDF)]</ref> show the characters in their Classical Sumerian form ([[Early Dynastic Period of Sumer|Early Dynastic period]], mid 3rd millennium BCEBC). The characters as written during the 2nd and 1st millennia BCEBC, during which the vast majority of cuneiform texts were written, are considered font variants of the same characters.

==Character inventory and ordering==

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The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Cuneiform block:

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{| class="wikitable collapsible sticky-header"

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! [[Unicode#Versions|Version]] !! {{nobr|Final code points<ref group=lower-alpha name=final/>}} !! Count !! [[International Committee for Information Technology Standards|L2]]&nbsp;ID !! [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2|WG2]]&nbsp;ID !! Document

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| rowspan="3336" | 5.0 || rowspan="3033" | U+12000..122D3, 122D6..1236E || rowspan="3033" | 877 || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00128-pastscripts.pdf L2/00-128]}} || || {{Citation|title=Scripts from the Past in Future Versions of Unicode|date=2000-03-01|first=Carl-Martin|last=Bunz|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00153-bunz.htm L2/00-153]}} || || {{Citation|title=Further comments on historic scripts|date=2000-04-26|first=Carl-Martin|last=Bunz|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00398-Cuneiform.txt L2/00-398]}} || || {{Citation|title=Cuneiform: From Clay Tablet to Computer|date=2000-11-07|first=Dean|last=Snyder|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00419-n2297-cunei.pdf L2/00-419]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2297.pdf N2297] || {{Citation|title=Legacy cuneiform font implementations and the ICE project|date=2000-11-20|first=Michael|last=Everson|author-link=Michael Everson|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03162-n2585-cuneiform.pdf L2/03-162]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2585.pdf N2585] || {{Citation|title=Basic principles for the encoding of Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform|date=2003-05-25|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Karljürgen|last2=Feuerherm|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03415-cuneiform.pdf L2/03-415]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposal to Encode the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform Script in the UCS|date=2003-11-01|first=Dean|last=Snyder|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03393r-cuneiform.pdf L2/03-393R]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2664.pdf N2664R] || {{Citation|title=Preliminary proposal to encode Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS|date=2003-11-03|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Karljürgen|last2=Feuerherm|first3=Steve|last3=Tinney|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03416-cep-anderson.txt L2/03-416]}} || || {{Citation|title=The Cuneiform Encoding Proposal -- a View of its Current Status|date=2003-11-03|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04080-n2664r-delta.pdf L2/04-080]}} || || {{Citation|title=Rationale for changes to N2664R|date=2004-01-24|first=Steve|last=Tinney|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04036-n2698-cuneiform.pdf L2/04-036]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2698.pdf N2698] || {{Citation|title=Revised proposal to encode Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS|date=2004-01-29|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Karljürgen|last2=Feuerherm|first3=Steve|last3=Tinney|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04041-fitting-cuneiform.pdf L2/04-041]}} || || {{Citation|title=Fitting Cuneiform Encoding to Cuneiform Script|date=2004-01-29|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04059-feuerherm-cuneiform.txt L2/04-059]}} || || {{Citation|title=Short Response to L2/04-041 "Fitting Cuneiform Encoding to Cuneiform Script"|date=2004-01-30|first=Karljürgen|last=Feuerherm|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04063-gewecke.txt L2/04-063]}} || || {{Citation|title=Re: Cuneiform at UTC|date=2004-01-30|first=Tom|last=Gewecke|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04056-veldhuis-cuneiform.txt L2/04-056]}} || || {{Citation|title=Letter re "Cuneiform Unicode"|date=2004-01-31|first=Niek|last=Veldhuis|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04057-jones-cuneiform.txt L2/04-057]}} || || {{Citation|title=Letter re "Cuneiform"|date=2004-02-01|first=Charles E.|last=Jones|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04058-michalowski-cuneiform.txt L2/04-058]}} || || {{Citation|title=Letter re "cuneiform unicode"|date=2004-02-01|first=Piotr|last=Michalowski|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04064-cooper.txt L2/04-064]}} || || {{Citation|title=Letter re "unicode proposal"|date=2004-02-01|first=Jerry|last=Cooper|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04066-durusau.txt L2/04-066]}} || || {{Citation|title=Letter re "Proposal N2698"|date=2004-02-02|first=Patrick|last=Durusau|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04081-black-cuneiform.txt L2/04-081]}} || || {{Citation|title=Letter re "cuneiform Unicode proposal"|date=2004-02-02|first=Jeremy|last=Black|author-link=Jeremy Black (assyriologist)|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04086-anderson-notes.pdf L2/04-086]}} || || {{Citation|title=Notes for verbal presentation to UTC meeting, 3 February 2004|date=2004-02-03|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04099-num-unification.pdf L2/04-099]}} || || {{Citation|title=Unification of cuneiform numbers|date=2004-02-09|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04225-anderson.pdf L2/04-225]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposed modifications to introductory text of N2798 = L204-189 Proposal for Cuneiform Encoding|date=2004-06-07|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson|ref=none}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04189-n2786-cuneiform.pdf L2/04-189]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2786.pdf N2786] || {{Citation|title=Final proposal to encode Cuneiform script|date=2004-06-08|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Karljürgen|last2=Feuerherm|first3=Steve|last3=Tinney|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04223r-anderson.pdf L2/04-223R]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposed modifications to delete and add signs to N2798 = L204-189 Proposal for Cuneiform Encoding|date=2004-06-11|first=Lloyd|last=Anderson|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04354-cuneiform-props.html L2/04-354]}} || || {{Citation|title=Cuneiform Properties|date=2004-09-20|first=Rick|last=McGowan|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05135r-cuneiform-fix.pdf L2/05-135]}} || || {{Citation|title=Corrections to N2786|date=2005-05-10|first=Steve|last=Tinney|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05174-irish-cmt.txt L2/05-174]}} || || {{Citation|title=Irish comments on Cuneiform|date=2005-07-28|first=Michael|last=Everson|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05108.htm L2/05-108R]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #103 Minutes|date=2005-08-26|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Cuneiform (C.17)}}

|-

| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.pdf N2953 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.doc doc]) || {{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15|date=2006-02-16|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none|section=M47.12}}

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| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12328-cuneiform-props.pdf L2/12-328]}} || || {{Citation|title=Numeric value fixes for two cuneiform characters|date=2012-10-16|first=Deborah|last=Anderson|ref=none}}

|-

| rowspan="3" | U+122D4..122D5 || rowspan="3" | 2 || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012L2024/12002-n417824074-cuneiform-addun-kalam.pdf L2/1224-002074]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4178.pdf N4178R] || {{Citation|title=ProposalOn forcuneiform additionsUN and correctionsKALAM to[Affects Sumero-AkkadianU+12326 Cuneiformand 12327]|date=20122024-0103-16|first1=Michael|last1first=EversonRobin|first2last=SteveLeroy|last2ref=Tinneynone}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012L2024/12207r24068-n4277rscript-cuneiformwg-addrept.pdf L2/1224-207R068]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4277.pdf N4277R] || {{Citation|title=ProposalRecommendations forto additionsUTC and#179 correctionsApril to2024 Sumero-Akkadianon CuneiformScript Proposals|date=20122024-0704-3118|first1=MichaelDeborah|last1=EversonAnderson|first2=SteveManish|last2=TinneyGoregaokar|first3=Jan|last3=Kučera|first4=Ken|last4=Whistler|first5=Roozbeh|last5=Pournader|first6=Peter|last6=Constable|ref=none|section=5a Additions and Corrections [Affects U+12326 and 12327]}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012L2024/1223924061.htm L2/1224-239061]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #132179 Minutes|date=20122024-0804-1429|first=LisaPeter|last=MooreConstable|ref=none|section=C.3Section 5a Additions and Corrections [Affects U+12326 and 12327]}}

|-

| rowspan="3" | 7.0 || rowspan="3" | U+1236F122D4..12398122D5 || rowspan="3" | 422 || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12002-n4178-cuneiform-add.pdf L2/12-002]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4178.pdf N4178R] || {{Citation|title=Proposal for additions and corrections to Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform|date=2012-01-16|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Steve|last2=Tinney|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12207r-n4277r-cuneiform-add.pdf L2/12-207R]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4277.pdf N4277R] || {{Citation|title=Proposal for additions and corrections to Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform|date=2012-07-31|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Steve|last2=Tinney|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12239.htm L2/12-239]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #132 Minutes|date=2012-08-14|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=C.3}}

|-

| rowspan="3" | 87.0 || rowspan="3" | U+12399<ref group=lower-alpha name=alsoU12399/>1236F..12398 || rowspan="3" | 142 || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2013L2012/1319612002-n4493n4178-cuneiform-uuadd.pdf L2/1312-196002]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4493n4178.pdf N4493N4178R] || {{Citation|title=RequestProposal tofor addadditions one Cuneiformand charactercorrections to theSumero-Akkadian UCSCuneiform|date=20132012-1001-2816|firstfirst1=Michael|lastlast1=Everson|first2=Steve|last2=Tinney|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2013L2012/1320012207r-n4277r-cuneiform-add.htmpdf L2/1312-200207R]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4277.pdf N4277R] || {{Citation|title=UTCProposal #137for Minutesadditions and corrections to Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform|date=20132012-1107-1831|firstfirst1=LisaMichael|lastlast1=MooreEverson|sectionfirst2=C.8Steve|last2=Tinney|ref=none}}

|-

| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2L2/docsL2012/n455312239.pdfhtm N4553 (pdfL2/12-239],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4553..doc doc])|| || {{Citation|title=MinutesUTC of#132 WG 2 meeting 62 Adobe, San Jose, CA, USAMinutes|date=20142012-0908-1614|first=V. S.Lisa|last=UmamaheswaranMoore|ref=none|section=M62.01a, M62C.01f3}}

|-

| rowspan="3" | 8.0 || rowspan="3" | U+12399<ref group=lower-alpha name=alsoU12399/> || rowspan="3" | 1 || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2013/13196-n4493-cuneiform-uu.pdf L2/13-196]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4493.pdf N4493] || {{Citation|title=Request to add one Cuneiform character to the UCS|date=2013-10-28|first=Michael|last=Everson|ref=none}}

|-

| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2013/13200.htm L2/13-200]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #137 Minutes|date=2013-11-18|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=C.8}}

|-

| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4553.pdf N4553 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4553..doc doc]) || {{Citation|title=Minutes of WG 2 meeting 62 Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA|date=2014-09-16|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none|section=M62.01a, M62.01f}}

|- class="sortbottom"

| colspan="6" | {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=

<ref name=final>Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names</ref>

<ref name=alsoU12399>See also [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12207r-n4277r-cuneiform-add.pdf L2/12-207R]</ref>}}

|}

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===Font packages===

*[http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/ Akkadian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721083505/http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/Akkadian256.zip |date=2011-07-21 }} (reproduces the Sumerian (3rd millennium BC) glyphs given in the Unicode ([https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U12000.pdf reference chart]), by [http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/ George Douros] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721083505/http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/Akkadian256.zip |date=2011-07-21 }}.

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927202708/http://flaez.ch/freeidg.html FreeIdgSerif] (branched off [[FreeSerif]]), encodes some 390 Old Assyrian (2nd millennium BC) glyphs used in Hittite cuneiform. {{in lang|de}}

*[https://www.google.com/get/noto/#sans-xsux Noto Sans Cuneiform] (Encodes all three Cuneiform blocks. Distributed under [[SIL Open Font License]])