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{{Short description|none}} <!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! -->
'''High Efficiency Video Coding tiers and levels''' are constraints that define a [[High Efficiency Video Coding]] (HEVC) bitstream in terms of maximum bit rate, maximum luma sample rate, maximum luma picture size, minimum compression ratio, maximum number of slices allowed, and maximum number of tiles allowed.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012>{{cite news |title=Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard |author=G.J. Sullivan |author2=J.-R. Ohm |author3=W.-J. Han |author4=T. Wiegand |publisher=IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology |url=http://iphome.hhi.de/wiegand/assets/pdfs/2012_12_IEEE-HEVC-Overview.pdf |format=PDF |date=2012-05-25 |accessdate=2012-09-14}}</ref><ref name=HEVCdraft9>{{cite news |title=High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) text specification draft 9 |publisher=JCT-VC |url=http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=6803 |date=2012-10-22 |accessdate=2012-10-23}}</ref> Lower tiers are more constrained than higher tiers and lower levels are more constrained than higher levels.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCdraft9/>
'''High Efficiency Video Coding tiers and levels''' are constraints that define a [[High Efficiency Video Coding]] (HEVC) bitstream in terms of maximum bit rate, maximum luma sample rate, maximum luma picture size, minimum compression ratio, maximum number of slices allowed, and maximum number of tiles allowed.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012>{{cite news |title=Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard |author=G.J. Sullivan |author2=J.-R. Ohm |author3=W.-J. Han |author4=T. Wiegand |author4-link=Thomas Wiegand |publisher=IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology |url=http://iphome.hhi.de/wiegand/assets/pdfs/2012_12_IEEE-HEVC-Overview.pdf |date=2012-05-25 |accessdate=2012-09-14}}</ref><ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265>{{cite news |title=H.265 : High efficiency video coding |publisher=ITU |url=http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.265|date=2013-06-07 |accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref> Lower tiers are more constrained than higher tiers and lower levels are more constrained than higher levels.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265/>
 
==Tiers==
The October 2012 HEVC draftstandard defines two tiers: '''Main''' and '''High'''.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCdraft9HEVCITURecommendationH265/> The Main tier is a lower tier than the High tier.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCdraft9HEVCITURecommendationH265/> The tiers were made to deal with applications that differ in terms of their maximum bit rate.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/> The Main tier was designed for most applications while the High tier was designed for very demanding applications.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/>
 
==Levels==
The October 2012 HEVC draftstandard defines thirteen levels.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCdraft9HEVCITURecommendationH265/> A level is a set of constraints for a bitstream.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCdraft9HEVCITURecommendationH265/> For levels below level 4 only the Main tier is allowed.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCdraft9HEVCITURecommendationH265/> A decoder that conforms to a given tier/level is required to be capable of decoding all bitstreams that are encoded for that tier/level and for all lower tiers/levels.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCdraft9HEVCITURecommendationH265/>
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{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:right; "
|+ Tiers and levels with maximum property values<ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265/><ref name=HEVCJuly2014R1013>{{cite news |title=Draft high efficiency video coding (HEVC) version 2, combined format range extensions (RExt), scalability (SHVC), and multi-view (MV-HEVC) extensions |author=Jill Boyce |author-link=Jill Boyce|author2=Jianle Chen |author3=Ying Chen |author4=David Flynn |author5=Miska M. Hannuksela |author6=Matteo Naccari |author7=Chris Rosewarne |author8=Karl Sharman |author9=Joel Sole |author10=Gary J. Sullivan |author11=Teruhiko Suzuki |author12=Gerhard Tech |author13=Ye-Kui Wang |author14=Krzysztof Wegner |author15=Yan Ye |publisher=JCT-VC |url=http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=9466 |date=2014-07-11 |accessdate=2014-07-11}}</ref>
|+ Tiers and levels with maximum property values<ref name=HEVCdraft9/>
|-
!rowspan="2"| Level
!rowspan="2"| Max luma sample rate<br>(samples/s)
!rowspan="2"| Max luma picture size<br>(samples)
!colspan="2"| Max bit rate for Main <br>and Main 10 profiles (kbit1000bit/s){{Ref label|MaxBitRate|A|A}}
!colspan="2"| Max bit rate for Main 12<br>profile (1000bit/s)
!rowspan="2"| Example picture resolution @<br>highest frame rate{{Ref label|MaxFrameRate|A|A}}<br>(MaxDpbSize{{Ref label|MaxDpbSize|B|B}})
!colspan="2"| Max bit rate for Main 4:4:4 12<br>profile (1000bit/s)
!rowspan="2"| MinCR{{Ref label|MinCR|C|C}}
!rowspancolspan="2"| Max number<br>ofbit slicesrate for Main 4:4:4 16<br>perIntra profile picture(1000bit/s)
!colspan="2"| Max numberbit ofrate tilefor High Throughput<br>4:4:4 16 Intra<br>profile (1000bit/s)
!rowspan="2"| Example picture resolution @<br>highest frame rate{{Ref label|MaxFrameRate|B|B}}<br>(MaxDpbSize{{Ref label|MaxDpbSize|C|C}}) <div class="mw-customtoggle-HEVCTiersLevels" style="color:#0B0080; cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-radius: 10px; padding: 2px;">Click here to hide/show<br>additional examples</div>
!rowspan="2"| MinCR{{Ref label|MinCR|D|D}}
!rowspan="2"| Max number<br>of slice<br>segments<br>per picture{{Ref label|Slices|E|E}}
!colspan="2"| Max number of tile{{Ref label|Tiles|F|F}}
|-
! Main tier
! High tier
! Main tier
! High tier
! Main tier
! High tier
! Main tier
! High tier
! Main tier
! High tier
Line 29 ⟶ 42:
| 128
| -
| 192
| 128×96@33.7 (6) <br>176×144@15.0 (6)
| -
| 384
| -
| 1,024
| -
| 12,288
| -
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 128×96@33.7 (6) </div> 176×144@15.0 (6)
| 2
| 16
Line 40 ⟶ 61:
| 1,500
| -
| 2,250
| 176×144@100.0 (16) <br>352×240@37.5 (6) <br>352×288@30.0 (6)
| -
| 4,500
| -
| 12,000
| -
| 144,000
| -
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 176×144@100.0 (16) <br> 320×240@45.0 (6) <br> 352×240@37.5 (6) </div> 352×288@30.0 (6)
| 2
| 16
Line 51 ⟶ 80:
| 3,000
| -
| 4,500
| 352×240@75.0 (12) <br>352×288@60.0 (12) <br>352×480@37.5 (6) <br>352×576@33.3 (6) <br>640×360@30.0 (6)
| -
| 9,000
| -
| 24,000
| -
| 288,000
| -
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 320×240@90.0 (12) <br> 352×240@75.0 (12) <br> 352×288@60.0 (12) <br> 352×480@37.5 (6) <br> 352×576@33.3 (6) </div> 640×360@30.0 (6)
| 2
| 20
Line 62 ⟶ 99:
| 6,000
| -
| 9,000
| 352×480@84.3 (12) <br>352×576@75.0 (12) <br>640×360@67.5 (12) <br>720×480@42.1 (8)<br>720×576@37.5 (8) <br>960×544@30.0 (6)
| -
| 18,000
| -
| 48,000
| -
| 576,000
| -
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 352×480@84.3 (12) <br> 352×576@75.0 (12) <br> 640×360@67.5 (12) <br> 720×480@42.1 (8) <br> 720×576@37.5 (8) </div> 960×540@30.0 (6)
| 2
| 30
Line 73 ⟶ 118:
| 10,000
| -
| 15,000
| 720×480@84.3 (12)<br>720×576@75.0 (12) <br>960×544@60.0 (8) <br>1280×720@33.7 (6)
| -
| 30,000
| -
| 80,000
| -
| 960,000
| -
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 720×480@84.3 (12) <br> 720×576@75.0 (12) <br> 960×540@60.0 (8) </div> 1280×720@33.7 (6)
| 2
| 40
Line 84 ⟶ 137:
| 12,000
| 30,000
| 18,000
| 1,280×720@68.0 (12)<br>1,280×1,024@51.0 (8) <br>1,920×1,080@32.0 (6)<br>2,048×1,080@30.0 (6)
| 45,000
| 36,000
| 90,000
| 96,000
| 240,000
| 1,152,000
| 2,880,000
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 1,280×720@68.0 (12) <br> 1,920×1,080@32.0 (6) </div> 2,048×1,080@30.0 (6)
| 4
| rowspan="2" | 75
Line 94 ⟶ 155:
| 20,000
| 50,000
| 30,000
| 1,280×720@136.0 (12)<br>1,280×1,024@102.0 (8) <br>1,920×1,080@64.0 (6)<br>2,048×1,080@60.0 (6)
| 75,000
| 60,000
| 150,000
| 160,000
| 400,000
| 1,920,000
| 4,800,000
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 1,280×720@136.0 (12) <br> 1,920×1,080@64.0 (6) </div> 2,048×1,080@60.0 (6)
| 4
|-
Line 102 ⟶ 171:
| 25,000
| 100,000
| 37,500
| 1,920×1,080@128.0 (16) <br>2,048×1,024@120.0 (16) <br>2,560×1,920@54.4 (8)<br>3,672×1,536@46.8 (8) <br>3,840×2,160@32.0 (6) <br>4,096×2,160@30.0 (6)
| 150,000
| 75,000
| 300,000
| 200,000
| 800,000
| 2,400,000
| 9,600,000
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 1,920×1,080@128.0 (16) <br> 2,048×1,080@120.0 (16) <br> 3,840×2,160@32.0 (6) </div> 4,096×2,160@30.0 (6)
| 6
| rowspan="3" | 200
Line 112 ⟶ 189:
| 40,000
| 160,000
| 60,000
| 1,920×1,080@256.0 (16) <br>2,048×1,024@240.0 (16) <br>2,560×1,920@108.8 (8)<br>3,672×1,536@93.7 (8) <br>3,840×2,160@64.0 (6) <br>4,096×2,160@60.0 (6)
| 240,000
| 120,000
| 480,000
| 320,000
| 1,280,000
| 3,840,000
| 15,360,000
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 1,920×1,080@256.0 (16) <br> 2,048×1,080@240.0 (16) <br> 3,840×2,160@64.0 (6) </div> 4,096×2,160@60.0 (6)
| 8
|-
Line 119 ⟶ 204:
| 60,000
| 240,000
| 90,000
| 1,920×1,080@300.0 (16) <br>2,048×1,024@300.0 (16) <br>2,560×1,920@217.6 (8)<br>3,672×1,536@187.5 (8) <br>3,840×2,160@128.0 (6) <br>4,096×2,160@120.0 (6)
| 360,000
| 180,000
| 720,000
| 480,000
| 1,920,000
| 5,760,000
| 23,040,000
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 1,920×1,080@300.0 (16) <br> 2,048×1,080@300.0 (16) <br> 3,840×2,160@128.0 (6) </div> 4,096×2,160@120.0 (6)
| 8
|-
Line 127 ⟶ 220:
| 60,000
| 240,000
| 90,000
| 3,840×2,160@128.0 (16) <br>4,096×2,048@127.5 (16) <br>4,096×2,160@120.0 (16) <br>4,096×2,304@113.3 (12) <br>7,680×4,320@32.0 (6) <br>8,192×4,320@30.0 (6)
| 360,000
| 180,000
| 720,000
| 480,000
| 1,920,000
| 5,760,000
| 23,040,000
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 3,840×2,160@128.0 (16) <br> 4,096×2,160@120.0 (16) <br> 7,680×4,320@32.0 (6) </div> 8,192×4,320@30.0 (6)
| 8
| rowspan="3" | 600
Line 137 ⟶ 238:
| 120,000
| 480,000
| 180,000
| 3,840×2,160@256.0 (16) <br>4,096×2,048@255.0 (16) <br>4,096×2,160@240.0 (16) <br>4,096×2,304@226.6 (12) <br>7,680×4,320@64.0 (6) <br>8,192×4,320@60.0 (6)
| 720,000
| 360,000
| 1,440,000
| 960,000
| 3,840,000
| 11,520,000
| 46,080,000
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 3,840×2,160@256.0 (16) <br> 4,096×2,160@240.0 (16) <br> 7,680×4,320@64.0 (6) </div> 8,192×4,320@60.0 (6)
| 8
|-
Line 144 ⟶ 253:
| 240,000
| 800,000
| 360,000
| 3,840×2,160@300.0 (16) <br>4,096×2,048@300.0 (16) <br>4,096×2,160@300.0 (16) <br>4,096×2,304@300.0 (12) <br>7,680×4,320@128.0 (6) <br>8,192×4,320@120.0 (6)
| 1,200,000
| 720,000
| 2,400,000
| 1,920,000
| 6,400,000
| 23,040,000
| 76,800,000
| <div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVCTiersLevels"> 3,840×2,160@300.0 (16) <br> 4,096×2,160@300.0 (16) <br> 7,680×4,320@128.0 (6) </div> 8,192×4,320@120.0 (6)
| 6
|}
:{{note label|MaxBitRate|A|A}} The maximum bit rate of the profile is based on the combination of bit depth, chroma sampling, and the type of profile.<ref name=HEVCJuly2014R1013/> For bit depth the maximum bit rate increases by 1.5x for 12-bit profiles and 2x for 16-bit profiles.<ref name=HEVCJuly2014R1013/> For chroma sampling the maximum bit rate increases by 1.5x for 4:2:2 profiles and 2x for 4:4:4 profiles.<ref name=HEVCJuly2014R1013/> For the Intra profiles the maximum bit rate increases by 2x.<ref name=HEVCJuly2014R1013/>
:{{note label|MaxFrameRate|A|A}} The maximum frame rate supported by HEVC is 300 fps.<ref name=HEVCdraft9/>
:{{note label|MaxFrameRate|B|B}} The maximum frame rate supported by HEVC is 300 [[frames per second]] (fps).<ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265/>
:{{note label|MaxDpbSize|B|B}} The MaxDpbSize, maximum number of decoded picture buffers, for the maximum luma picture size of that level is 6 for all levels.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCdraft9/> The MaxDpbSize can increase to a maximum of 16 frames if the luma picture size of the video is smaller than the maximum luma picture size of that level in incremental steps of 4/3×, 2×, or 4×.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCdraft9/>
:{{note label|MaxDpbSize|C|C}} The MaxDpbSize, maximum number of pictures in the [[High Efficiency Video Coding#Decoded picture buffer|decoded picture buffer]], for the maximum luma picture size of that level is 6 for all levels.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265/> The MaxDpbSize can increase to a maximum of 16 frames, if the luma picture size of the video is smaller than the maximum luma picture size of that level, in incremental steps of 4/3×, 2×, or 4×.<ref name=OverviewHEVCIEEE2012/><ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265/>
:{{note label|MinCR|C|C}} The MinCR, minimum compression ratio, for that level.<ref name=HEVCdraft9/>
:{{note label|MinCR|D|D}} The MinCR, minimum compression ratio, for that level.<ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265/> The MinCR constraint is reduced to half its base value for the 4:2:2 and 4:4:4 chroma sampling profiles and is reduced by an additional half for the Intra profiles.<ref name=HEVCJuly2014R1013/> The MinCR is reduced to 1/24th of its base value with the High Throughput 4:4:4 16 Intra profile.<ref name=HEVCJuly2014R1013/><ref name=HEVCJuly2014R0128>{{cite news |title=High 4:4:4 16 Intra profile specification |author=K. Sharman |author2=N. Saunders |author3=J. Gamei |author4=T. Suzuki |author5=A. Tabatabai |publisher=JCT-VC |url=http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=9198 |date=2014-06-20 |accessdate=2014-07-13}}</ref>
:{{note label|Slices|E|E}} The maximum number of slice segments is the number of slices allowed per picture at both the maximum resolution and maximum frame rate.<ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265/><ref name=HEVCOctober2012K0201>{{cite news |title=AHG9: on number of slices constraint |author=Minhua Zhou |publisher=JCT-VC |url=http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=6572 |date=2012-10-01 |accessdate=2012-11-27}}</ref>
:{{note label|Tiles|F|F}} The maximum number of tiles allowed per picture.<ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265/> The maximum number of tiles allowed per second is the maximum number of tiles allowed per picture times 120.<ref name=HEVCITURecommendationH265/><ref name=HEVCOctober2012K0202>{{cite news |title=AHG9: on number of tiles constraint |author=Minhua Zhou |publisher=JCT-VC |url=http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=6573 |date=2012-10-01 |accessdate=2012-11-27}}</ref>
 
==See also==
* [[High Efficiency Video Coding]]
*[[UHDTV]] - Digital video formats with resolutions of 4K (3840×2160) and 8K (7680×4320)
* [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC]] - The predecessor video standard of HEVC
*[[Rec. 2020]] - ITU-R Recommendation for UHDTV
*[[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC]] - The predecessor video standard of HEVC
*[[VC-1]] - A video standard developed by Microsoft
 
==References==
Line 162 ⟶ 285:
* [http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com16/jct-vc/ Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC)]
* [http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jct/doc_end_user/all_meeting.php JCT-VC Document Management System]
 
{{Compression formats}}
{{Graphics file formats}}
 
[[Category:Computer file formats]]
[[Category:Graphics file formats]]
[[Category:High-definition television]]
[[Category:Lossy compression algorithms]]
[[Category:Open standards covered by patents]]
[[Category:Ultra-high-definition television]]
[[Category:Video compression]]
[[Category:Video codecs]]
[[Category:Videotelephony]]
[[Category:ITU-T recommendations]]
[[Category:ITU-T H Series Recommendations]]
[[Category:H.26x]]
[[Category:ISO standards]]
[[Category:MPEG-H]]
[[Category:IEC standards]]
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