Red-browed amazon: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of bird}}

{{Taxobox

{{Speciesbox

| name = Red-browed Amazonamazon

| image = Amazona rhodocorytha -RSCF-8a.jpg

| status = ENVU

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021">{{IUCNcite iucn |idauthor=106001673BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Amazona rhodocorytha'' | assessorsvolume=[[BirdLife International]]2017 |versionpage=2012e.1T22686288A118968809 |yeardoi=201210.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22686288A118968809.en |accessdateaccess-date=1617 JulyNovember 20122021}}</ref>

| status2 = CITES_A1

| regnum = [[Animalia]]

| status2_system = CITES

| phylum = [[Chordata]]

| status2_ref = <ref name ="CITES">{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>

| classis = [[Aves]]

| genus = Amazona

| ordo = [[Psittaciformes]]

| species = '''''A. rhodocorytha'''''

| superfamilia = [[True parrot|Psittacoidea]]

| binomial_authorityauthority = ([[Tommaso Salvadori|Salvadori]], 1890)

| familia = [[Psittacidae]]

| subfamiliasynonyms = [[NeotropicalRed-browed parrot|Arinae]]

| tribus = [[Androglossini]]

| genusrange_map = ''[[Amazona]]'' rhodocorytha map.svg

| species = '''''A. rhodocorytha'''''

| binomial = ''Amazona rhodocorytha''

| binomial_authority = ([[Tommaso Salvadori|Salvadori]], 1890)

| synonyms =

}}

The '''Redred-browed Amazonamazon''' ('''''Amazona rhodocorytha''''') is a species of [[parrot]] in the family [[Psittacidae]]. familyIt is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Atlantic Forest]] in eastern [[Brazil]]. It has been considered a [[subspecies]] of the [[blue-cheeked amazon]] (''Amazona dufresniana''), but today all major authorities consider them separate species. It is threatened both by [[habitat loss]] and by being captured for [[wildlife trade|the trade in wild parrots]].

It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Atlantic Forest]] in eastern [[Brazil]]. It has been considered a [[subspecies]] of the [[Blue-cheeked Amazon]], but today all major authorities consider them separate species.

==Description==

It is threatened by [[habitat loss]] and capture for the wild parrot trade.

The red-browed amazon has a bright red crown fading to purplish-brown at the back. The cheeks and throat are blue and the wing and body plumage is green with dark markings on the back of the neck. Black and red patches can be seen on the wings when they are spread and the tail feathers have red markings and are tipped with yellow. The beak and legs are grey and the [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] of the eye is orange-brown.<ref name=ARKive/>

==Distribution and habitat==

The red-browed amazon is endemic to tropical forests in eastern Brazil. It used to be widespread across the region but is now restricted to some of the larger remaining forest blocks. The largest of these is in the state of [[Espírito Santo]] and the bird is also present in three forest areas in south east [[Bahia]] and five in the states of [[Rio de Janeiro]] and [[Minas Gerais]]. Another ___location is in the north of the state of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] and a further one in [[São Miguel dos Campos]] in the east of the state of [[Alagoas]]. The rest of this state seems to be suitable habitat but it has not been observed to be present there recently.<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" />

==Behaviour==

The red-browed amazon feeds in small groups on fruit, berries, seeds and buds which it finds in the rainforest canopy. Breeding takes place between September and November. A pair of red-browed amazons maintain a territory and the nest is usually made in a cavity in a tree, the same site being used year after year. In captivity, a clutch of four eggs are usually laid, [[Avian incubation|incubation]] takes 24 days and the young are [[fledge]]d 34 days after hatching.<ref name=ARKive/>

==Status==

The red-browed amazon used to be abundant in its rainforest habitat but its numbers appear to have decreased significantly. About 2,300 individuals were counted in Espírito Santo during a survey undertaken between 2004 and 2006 and it remains common at a few sites in the state such as on the island of [[Ilha Grande]], at [[Sooretama, Espírito Santo|Sooretama]] and nearby [[Linhares]]. The major threat faced by this parrot is habitat degradation with less than ten percent of the original forest cover remaining in Espírito Santo. Most of the land has been cleared of timber and converted to pasture and plantations. Another threat is the illegal collection of young birds for the international pet trade.<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" /> This bird is present in several wildlife reserves but is not effectively protected against [[poaching]] even there. For all these reasons, the [[IUCN]], in its [[Red List of Endangered Species]], has assessed the Red-browed amazon as "[[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]".<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" />

==References==

{{Reflist}}<!-- BollMusBiolMelloLeitaoNS11-12:149; Cotinga24:45 -->

{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=ARKive>{{cite web |url=http://www.arkive.org/red-browed-amazon/amazona-rhodocorytha/ |title=Red-browed Amazon (''Amazona rhodocorytha'') |publisher=ARKive |accessdate=20 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061458/http://www.arkive.org/red-browed-amazon/amazona-rhodocorytha/ |archive-date=2013-09-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

}}

==External links==

*{{BirdLife|1673Commons category|Amazona rhodocorytha}}

{{commons categoryWikispecies|Amazona rhodocorytha|Red-browed Amazon}}

* {{BirdLife|22686288|Amazona rhodocorytha}}

* {{Avibase|1365719670879|Amazona rhodocorytha}}

* {{InternetBirdCollection|red-browed-amazon-amazona-rhodocorytha}}

* {{VIREO|Red-browed+parrot}}

* {{NeotropicalBirds|rebpar7|Red-browed parrot}}

* {{IUCN_Map|22686288/118968809|Amazona rhodocorytha}}

* {{Xeno-canto species|Amazona|rhodocorytha|Red-browed amazon}}

{{Amazon parrots}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q906468}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amazon, Red-Browed}}

[[Category:Amazon parrots|Red-browed Amazon]]

[[Category:Birds of Brazil]]

[[Category:Endemic fauna of Brazil]]

[[Category:Amazon parrots|Redred-browed Amazonamazon]]

{{parrot-stub}}

[[Category:Birds of the Atlantic Forest]]

[[Category:BirdsEndemic birds of Brazil]]

[[Category:Birds described in 1890|red-browed amazon]]

[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]