Classification scheme (information science): Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Type of science}}

{{expert needed|computer science|reason=boundaries of subject with [[information science]] and relative to [[semantic spectrum]] are unclear.|date=October 2022}}

In [[information science]] and [[ontology (information science)|ontology]], a '''classification scheme''' is thean productarrangement of arrangingclasses thingsor into kindsgroups of things (classes). orThe into ''groups''activity of classes;developing the thisschemes bears similarity to [[categorizationtaxonomy]], but with perhaps a more [[classification (general theory)|theoretical]] bent, as a single classification scheme can be applied over a wide [[semantic spectrum]] while taxonomies tend to be devoted to a single topic.

In the abstract, the resulting structures are a crucial aspect of [[metadata]], often represented as a hierarchical structure and accompanied by descriptive information of the classes or groups. Such a classification scheme is intended to be used for anthe arrangement or division[[classification]] of individual objects into the classes or groups, and the classes or groups are based on characteristics which the objects (members) have in common.

The [[ISO/IEC 11179]] metadata registry standard uses classification schemes as a way to classify administered items, such as [[data element]]s, in a [[metadata registry]].

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==Kinds of classification schemes==

The following are examples of different kinds of classification schemes. This list is in approximate order from informal to more formal:

* [[thesaurus]] -– a collection of categorized concepts, denoted by words or phrases, that are related to each other by narrower term, wider term and related term relations.

* [[Taxonomy (general)|taxonomy]] -– a formal list of concepts, denoted by controlled words or phrases, arranged from abstract to specific, related by subtype-supertype relations or by superset-subset relations.

* [[data model]] -– an arrangement of concepts (entity types), denoted by words or phrases, that have various kinds of relationships. Typically, but not necessarily, representing requirements and capabilities for a specific scope (application area).

* [[network (mathematics)]] -– an arrangement of objects in a random graph.

* [[Ontology (computer science)|ontology]] -– an arrangement of concepts that are related by various well defined kinds of relations. The arrangement can be visualized in a [[directed acyclic graph]].

One example of a classification scheme for [[data element]]s is a [[representation term]].

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==External links==

* [https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=358 OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms -– Classification Schemes]

* [http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c035345_ISO_IEC_11179-2_2005(E).zip ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005 Metadata registries (MDR) -– Part 2: Classification]

* [http://metadata-standards.org/metadata-stds/Document-library/Meeting-reports/SC32WG2/2002-05-Seoul/WG2-SEL-018%20ISO-IEC-11179-2%20presentation-to-open-forum.ppt Nancy Lawler's presentation on Classification Schemes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151647/http://metadata-standards.org/metadata-stds/Document-library/Meeting-reports/SC32WG2/2002-05-Seoul/WG2-SEL-018%20ISO-IEC-11179-2%20presentation-to-open-forum.ppt |date=2007-09-28 }}

[[Category:Metadata]]