JPL Small-Body Database: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Astronomy database about small Solar System bodies}}

The '''JPL Small-Body Database''' ('''SBDB''') is an [[astronomy]] [[database]] about [[small Solar System body|small Solar System bodies]]. It is maintained by [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] (JPL) and [[NASA]] and provides data for all known [[asteroid]]s and several [[comet]]s, including [[orbit]]al parameters and diagrams, physical diagrams, close approach details, radar astrometry, discovery circumstances, alternate designations and lists of publications related to the small body.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Small-Body Database Lookup|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/|access-date=2021-10-01|website=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov}}</ref> The database is updated ondaily awhen dailynew observations are basisavailable.<ref>

{{cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi |title=JPL Small-Body Database browser |publisher=[[NASA]]/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory|JPL]] |access-date=2012-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922230327/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi |archivedate=2021-09-22 |url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2021 the JPL Small-Body Database started using planetary [[ephemeris]] ([[Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris#Ephemerides in the series|DE441]]) and small-body perturber SB441-N16. Most objects such as asteroids get a [[Osculating orbit|two-body solution]] (Sun+object) recomputed twice a year. Comets generally have their two-body orbits computed at a time near the perihelion passage (closest approach to the Sun) as to have the two-body orbit more reasonably accurate for both before and after perihelion. For most asteroids, the [[Epoch (astronomy)|epoch]] used to define an orbit is updated twice a year. Orbital uncertainties in the JPL Small-Body Database are listed at the [[68–95–99.7 rule|1-sigma]] level.

{{cite web

|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi

|title=JPL Small-Body Database browser

|publisher=[[NASA]]/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory|JPL]]

|accessdate=2012-03-19

}}</ref>

On 27 September 2021 the JPL Solar System Dynamics website underwent a significant upgrade.

== Close-approach data ==

As of August 2013 (planetary [[ephemeris]] [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris|DE431]]) close-approach data is available for the major planets and the 16 most massive asteroids. Close approach data is available by adding ";cad=1" to the end of the body's [[URL]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2017U1;cad=1|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser - 'Oumuamua (A/2017 U1)|accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref>

{{val|233000}} orbits were computed in August 2021 and in the 12 months to August 2021, more than 3.3 million orbits were computed.<ref name=jpl-sso/>

== Orbit diagram ==

A [[Java (programming language)|Java]] applet is available and provided as a 3D orbit visualization tool. The applet was implemented using unreliable [[Two-body problem|2-body methods]], and hence should not be used for determining accurate long-term trajectories (over several years or decades) or planetary encounter circumstances. For accurate ephemerides use the [[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System]] that handles the [[n-body problem]] using [[numerical integration]]. The Java applet is available by adding ";orb=1" to the end of the body's URL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2017U1;orb=1|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser - 'Oumuamua (A/2017 U1)|accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref>

== Orbit diagramviewer ==

In the past, one could view a 3D visualization of the body's orbit using a [[Java (programming language)|Java]] applet. As of mid-2023, one could see something similar using JPL's Orbit Viewer tool, which was implemented using [[JavaScript]], [[Three.js]] and [[WebGL]].

A [[Java (programming language)|Java]] applet is available and provided as a 3DThe orbit visualizationviewer tool. The applet was implemented usinguses unreliable [[Two-body problem|2two-body methods]], and hence should not be used for accurately determining accuratethe long-term[[Apsis#Time trajectoriesof (overperihelion|time severalof yearsperihelion or decades)passage]] or planetary encounter circumstances. For accurate ephemerides use the [[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System]] that handles the [[n-body problem]] using [[numerical integration]]. The Java applet is available by adding ";orb=1" to the end of the body's URL.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdbtools/sbdb_lookup.cgihtml#/?sstr=2017U1;orb=1|title54509621&view=V JPL Small-Body Database Browser - 'Oumuamua (A/2017 U1)|accessdate=June 15, 2018}}Note]</ref>

==See also==

* [[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System]]

* [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris]]

* [[Sentry (monitoring system)]]

* [[NEODyS]]

* [[Sentry (monitoring system)]]

==References==

{{Reflist|refs=

{{reflist}}

<ref name=jpl-sso>{{cite web

|title=Solar System Objects at JPL Solar System Dynamics

|url=httphttps://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919003544/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/

|url-status=live |archive-date=2021-09-19

|access-date=2021-09-27}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

==External links==

* [httphttps://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdbtools/sbdb_lookup.cgi JPLhtml Small-Body Database browserLookup]

* [https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_query.html Small-Body Database Query]

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[[Category:Observational astronomy]]

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[[Category:Astronomical catalogues]]

[[Category:JPL online services]]

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