Dew computing: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Information technology paradigm}}

{{copy edit|date=September 2018}}

{{technical|date=January 2019}}

'''Dew computing'''<ref name="urlAn Introduction to Dew Computing: Definition, Concept and Implications - IEEE Journals & Magazine">{{cite journal |title=An Introduction to Dew Computing: Definition, Concept and Implications - IEEE Journals & Magazine |journal= IEEE Access|year=2018 |volume=6 |pages=723–737 |doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2775042 |last1=Ray |first1=Partha Pratim |s2cid=3324933 |doi-access=free }}</ref> is an [[information technology]] ([[Information technology|IT]]) paradigm that combines the core concept of [[cloud computing]] with the capabilities of end devices ([[personal computerscomputer]]s, [[mobile phonesphone]]s, andetc.).<ref>{{Cite manyjournal|last=Wang|first=Yingwei|date=2015-09-16|title=Cloud-dew more)architecture|journal=International Journal of Cloud Computing |volume=4|issue=3|pages=199–210|doi=10.[1]1504/IJCC.2015.071717|doi-access=free}}</ref> It is used to enhance the experience for the end user in comparison to only using [[cloud computing]].[<ref name=":2]">{{Cite book|date=2018|editor-last=Hu|editor-first=Yu-Chen|editor2-last=Tiwari|editor2-first=Shailesh|editor3-last=Mishra|editor3-first=Krishn K.|editor4-last=Trivedi|editor4-first=Munesh C.|title=Intelligent Communication and Computational Technologies|volume=19|doi=10.1007/978-981-10-5523-2|issn=2367-3370|series=Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems|isbn=978-981-10-5522-5}}</ref> Dew computing attempts to solve significantmajor problems related to cloud computing technology, such as reliance on [[internet access]]. [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]] is an example of the dew computing paradigm, as it provides access to the files and folders in the [[Cloud computing|cloud]] in addition to keeping copies on local devices. ItThis allows the user to access datafiles during times without an internet connection, and; when a connection is established again, synchronising the files and folders are synchronized back to the cloud server.[<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Yingwei|date=2016|title=Definition and Categorization of Dew Computing|url=https://www.ronpub.com/publications/ojcc/OJCC_2016v3i1n02_YingweiWang.html|journal=Open Journal of Cloud Computing|volume=3]|issue=1|issn=2199-1987}}</ref>

== History ==

The term "dew computing", as used in information technology, first appeared in 2015 in IT literature and since then has become a field of its own. The cloud-dew architecture was proposed by Yingwei Wang<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-17 |title=Dew Architecture helps Ground Cloud Services |url=https://www.rdworldonline.com/dew-architecture-helps-ground-cloud-services/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Research & Development World |language=en-US}}</ref> as a possible solution to the offline data accessibility problem.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/ztecommunications/2017/5/articles/201711/t20171124_466311.html|title=Dew Computing and Transition of Internet Computing Paradigms - ZTE Corporation|website=wwwen.zte.com.cn|access-date=2018-06-30|archive-date=2018-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915122113/http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/ztecommunications/2017/5/articles/201711/t20171124_466311.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> At first, its scope included only [[web application]]s; broader applications were later proposed.<ref>Skala, Karolj; Davidović, Davor; Afgan, Enis; Sović, Ivan; Šojat, Zorislav: [https://www.ronpub.com/publications/OJCC_2015v2i1n03_Skala.pdf Scalable Distributed Computing Hierarchy: Cloud, Fog and Dew Computing] // Open Journal of Cloud Computing (OJCC), 2 (2015), 1; 16-24 doi:10.19210/1002.2.1.16</ref><ref name=":1" />

While [[cloud computing]] has been expanding rapidly, other models based on cloud computing have emerged, including [[fog computing]], [[Edge computing]], dew computing, etc. Proponents claim these novel models can provide better experiences for users.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Doing-More-with-the-Dew:-A-New-Approach-to-Fisher-Yang/693e467a3b5efd3ae578687fa7af3e5e57deca00|title=Doing More with the Dew: A New Approach to Cloud-Dew Architecture - Semantic Scholar|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref>

Dew computing is a model which was derived from the original concept of [[cloud computing]]. Other models have also emerged from cloud computing, including [[fog computing]], [[edge computing]], and others. Proponents claim that these novel models, such as dew computing, can provide better experiences for users.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |author=David Edward Fisher |author2=Shuhui Yang |title=Doing More with the Dew: A New Approach to Cloud-Dew Architecture |journal=Open Journal of Cloud Computing |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=8–19 |s2cid=13147444 |url=https://www.ronpub.com/OJCC/OJCC_2016v3i1n02_Fisher.html |archive-date=2023-07-02 |access-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702231421/https://www.ronpub.com/OJCC/OJCC_2016v3i1n02_Fisher.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Cloud computing provides universal access and [[scalability]]. However, the challenges related to having all the resources far from a user's control occasionally cause problems. In the classic cloud computing paradigm, when the internet connection to the [[Server (computing)|servers]] is lost, the user is unable to access their data; dew computing aims to solve this problem.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Yingwei|date=2016|title=Definition and Categorization of Dew Computing|url=https://www.ronpub.com/publications/ojcc/OJCC_2016v3i1n02_YingweiWang.html|journal=Open Journal of Cloud Computing|volume=3|issue=1|issn=2199-1987}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cloud-dew-architecture-:-realizing-the-potential-of-Wang-Pan/fc8edd29f5df60244a66d05c74c50a240a4529ef|title=Cloud-dew architecture : realizing the potential of distributed database systems in unreliable networks - Semantic Scholar|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://phys.org/news/2015-09-dew-ground-cloud.html|title=Dew helps ground cloud computing|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Yingwei|first=Wang,|date=2015|title=The initial definition of dew computing|url=https://www.islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20044|journal=Dew Computing Research}}</ref>

Cloud computing provides universal access and [[scalability]]. However, the challenges related to having all the resources far from a user's control occasionally causecauses problems. In the classic cloud computing paradigm, when the internet connection to the [[Server (computing)|servers]] is lost, the user is unable to access their data; dew computing aims to solve this problem.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Yingwei|date=2016|title=Definition and Categorization of Dew Computing|url=https://www.ronpub.com/publications/ojcc/OJCC_2016v3i1n02_YingweiWang.html|journal=Open Journal of Cloud Computing|volume=3|issue=1|issn=2199-1987}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |urlauthor=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cloud-dew-architecture-:-realizing-the-potential-of-Yingwei Wang- |author2=Yi Pan/fc8edd29f5df60244a66d05c74c50a240a4529ef |title=Cloud-dew architecture : realizing the potential of distributed database systems in unreliable networks -|website=Worldcomp SemanticProceedings |s2cid=32263118 |url=http://worldcomp-proceedings.com/proc/p2015/PDP2675.pdf Scholar|access-date=20182023-0607-3002 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217014301/http://worldcomp-proceedings.com/proc/p2015/PDP2675.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://phys.org/news/2015-09-dew-ground-cloud.html|title=Dew helps ground cloud computing|access-date=2018-06-30|archive-date=2018-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915122223/https://phys.org/news/2015-09-dew-ground-cloud.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Yingwei|first=Wang,|date=2015|title=The initial definition of dew computing|url=https://www.islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20044|journal=Dew Computing Research}}</ref>

The term "dew computing," as used in information technology, first appeared in 2015 in IT literature and from then on has been a field of interest. The cloud-dew architecture was proposed as a possible solution to the offline data accessibility problem.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/ztecommunications/2017/5/articles/201711/t20171124_466311.html|title=Dew Computing and Transition of Internet Computing Paradigms - ZTE Corporation|website=wwwen.zte.com.cn|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref>

At first, the scope included only [[web application]]s; broader applications were later proposed.<ref name=":1" />

== Definition ==

As an information technology paradigm, dew computing, using the core concept of cloud computing, seeks to use the capabilities of [[personal computer]]s along with [[cloud services]] in a more reliable manner.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Intelligent Communication and Computational Technologies|date=2018|isbn=978-981-10-5522-5|editor-last=Hu|editor-first=Yu-Chen|series=Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems|volume=19|doi=10.1007/978-981-10-5523-2|issn=2367-3370|editor2-last=Tiwari|editor2-first=Shailesh|editor3-last=Mishra|editor3-first=Krishn K.|editor4-last=Trivedi|editor4-first=Munesh C.}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" />

The key features of dew computing are independence and collaboration. Independence means that the local device must be able to provide service without a continuous connection to the [[Internet]]. Collaboration means that the application must be able to connect to the cloud service and synchronize data when appropriate.<ref name=":4" />

Use of the word "[[dew]]" reflects natural phenomena: [[cloud]]s are far from the ground, [[fog]] is closer to the ground, and [[dew]] is on the ground. Analogically, cloud computing is a remote service, fog computing is beside the user, and dew computing is at the user end.

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[[File:Dew-cloud architecture.png|thumb|DVM-cloud architecture]]

To establish a cloud-dew architecture on a PC, a dew virtual machine (DVM) is needed. The DVM is an isolated environment for executing the dew server on the local PC, and it consists of at least three components: the dew server (DS), the [[Data analysis|data analytics]] [[Server (computing)|server]] (DAS), and the [[artificial intelligence]] of the dew (AID).<ref name=":7" />

* '''Dew server (DS)''': The DS acts like the cloud service on the local PC. It interacts with and periodically synchronizes contentscontent with the cloud service.<ref name=":7" />

* '''Dew analytics server (DAS)''': DewThe dew analytics server collects data fromabout usage ofhow the dew server is being used.<ref name=":7" />

* '''Artificial intelligence of the dew (AID)''': After receiving data from the DAS about usage patterns, the AID uses the data to customize and tailor the dew server to the user to enhance their experience.<ref name=":7" />

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** The local device must possess a duplicated fraction of the [[World Wide Web]] (WWW) or a modified copy of that fraction to satisfy the independence feature. Because this fraction synchronizes with the web, it satisfies the collaboration feature of dew computing.<ref name=":0" />

* Storage in Dew (SiD)

** The [[Storage (memory)|storage]] of the local device is partially or fully copied into the cloud. A goodAn example of this is [[Dropbox (service)|DropBoxDropbox]], in which a user can create a folder in the cloud, and have access to the folder and its contents on the local device once the synchronization hasis completedcomplete. Since the user can access the files at any time without the need for constant [[Internet access]], this category meets the independence feature of dew computing. SiD also meets the collaboration feature because the folder and its contents automatically synchronize with the cloud service.<ref name=":0" />

* Database in Dew (DBiD)

** The local device and the cloud both store copies of the same [[database]]. One of these two databases is considered the main version and can be defined as such by the [[database administrator]]. This service increases the reliability of a database, sinceas one of the databases can act as the [[backup]] for the other.<ref name=":0" />

* Software in Dew (SiD)

** The configuration and ownership of a software are saved in the [[Cloud computing|cloud]]. GoodExamples examples of this areinclude the [[Apple App Store]] and [[Google Play]], where the applications the user installs are saved to their account and can then be installed on any device linked to their account.<ref name=":0" />

* Platform in Dew (PiD)

** A software development suite must be installed on the local device with the settings and application data synchronized to the cloud service. A [[Software development kit|Software Development Kit]] on its own does not satisfy these requirements; it must be able to synchronize development data, system deployment data, and online backups. An example of this categoryPiD is GitHub.<ref name=":0" />

* Infrastructure as Dew (IaD)

** The local device is dynamically supported by cloud services. IaD can come in different forms, but at least the following two forms can be used: (1) the local device can have an exact duplicate DVM instance in the cloud, which is always kept in the same state as the local instance;, or (2) the local device can have all its settings/data saved in the cloud, including system settings/data and data for each application.<ref name=":0" />

* Data in Dew (DiD)

** WhenThe term DiD is applied when all its applications satisfy the independence and collaboration requirements but cannot be placed in any of the above categories. An example of this would beis the [[GroupWise|Novell Groupwise]] email client.<ref name=":0" />

== Possible challenges ==

Dew computing faces a number of technical challenges, including issues related to power management, processor utility, and data storage,. Other factors impacting the use of dew computing are the viability of the operation system, network model, communication model, programming principles, dew recommenderrecommended engine, local dew network, personal high productivity, database security, and behaviors of the browser.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8114187/journal|title=An Introduction to Dew Computing: Definition, Concept and Implications - IEEE Journals & Magazine|websitejournal=ieeexploreIEEE Access|volume=6|pages=723–737|doi=10.ieee1109/ACCESS.org2017.2775042|access-dateyear=2018|last1=Ray|first1=Partha Pratim|doi-06-30access=free}}</ref>

== See also ==

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== References ==

{{Reflist}}

<references />

<references group="Skala, Karolj; Davidović, Davor; Afgan, Enis; Sović, Ivan; Šojat, Zorislav Scalable Distributed Computing Hierarchy: Cloud, Fog and Dew Computing // Open Journal of Cloud Computing (OJCC), 2 (2015), 1; 16-24 doi:10.19210/1002.2.1.16 " />

{{Cloud computing}}

[[Category:Post-cloud computing architecture]]