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[[File:Orsn-logo320px.png|thumb|Open Root Server Network logo]]
'''Open Root Server Network''' ('''ORSN''') iswas a network of [[Domain Name System]] [[root nameserver]]s for the [[Internet]].
ORSN [[DNS root zone]] information is normallywas kept in synchronization with the "official" [[Domain Name System]] [[root nameserver]]s coordinated by [[ICANN]]. The networks are thuswere 100% compatible, though ORSN iswas operated independently. The ORSN servers arewere primarily placed in [[Europe]]. ORSN is also used by public name servers, providing [[Domain Name System]] access freely for everyone, without any limitation until the project closed in May 2019.
 
ORSN was primarily started to reduce the over-dependence of Internet users on the [[USA]]United States and [[Department of Commerce]]/[[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]]/[[ICANN]]/[[VeriSign]], limit the control over the Internet that this gives, while ensuring that [[___domain name]]s remain unambiguous. AndIt toalso helps avoid the technical possibility of global "Internet shutdown" by one party.<ref>http{{Cite web|url=https://tfl09.blogspot.hucom/2006/09/orsn-european-open-root-server-network.html|title=Under The Stairs: ORSN – European Open Root Server Network|date=September 19, 2006}}</ref> They also expect their network to make ___domain name resolutions faster for everyone.
They also expect their network to make ___domain name resolutions faster for everyone.
 
[[Markus Grundmann]], [[based in Germany]], is the founder of ORSN, and author of ORSN distributed system management and monitoring software solution.
 
[[Paul Vixie]], the main designer of [[BIND]], the [[UNIX]]de [[de-facto standard]] software for [[DNS server]]s in [[UNIX]]-like operating systems, is a high-profile proponent of the ORSN.<ref>[{{Cite web|url=http://www.circleid.com/posts/why_i_am_participating_in_the_orsn_project /|title=Why I Am Participating in the ORSN Project, by|website=www.circleid.com}}</ref> Paul Vixie is member of Security and Stability Advisory Committee of [[ICANN]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac|title=Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) - ICANN|website=www.icann.org}}</ref> he served on the board of trustees of the [[American Registry for Internet Numbers]] (ARIN) from 2005 to 2013, also as ARIN chairman in 2009 and 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arin.net/about/welcome/board/former/|title=Former Trustees|website=www.arin.net}}</ref>
Paul Vixie is member of Security and Stability Advisory Committee of [[ICANN]],<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/ ICANN SSAC Membership]</ref> he served on the Board of Trustees of the [[American Registry for Internet Numbers]] (ARIN) from 2005 to 2013, also as ARIN chairman in 2009 and 2010.<ref>[https://www.arin.net/about_us/bot_former.html Former Members of ARIN Board of Trustees]</ref>
 
'''ORSN has 2two operating modes:'''
* ICANN BASED (default) operating mode involves daily synchronization, except that removed [[Top-level ___domain|TLD]]s are not removed from the ORSN root.
* INDEPENDENT mode has no automatic synchronization and is activated "whenever the political situation of the world - in our opinion - makes this step necessary because the possibility of a modification and/or a downtime of the ICANN root zone exists or we do not want that our root zone will rebuild automatically."<ref>[http://www.orsn.org/faq.php ORSN FAQ]</ref>
 
== Operating history ==
*ORSN operated from February 2002 until the end of 2008.<ref>{{cite mailing list
|last=Vixie
|first=Paul
|authorlinkauthor-link=Paul Vixie
|title=Open Root Server Network project shutdown by 31.12.2008 00:00 UTC
|mailinglistmailing-list=dns-operations
|date=2008-10-23
|url=httphttps://lists.dns-oarc.net/pipermail/dns-operations/2008-October/003339003342.html
|accessdateaccess-date=2008-10-23
}}</ref>
}}</ref> *ORSN operatesoperated again sincefrom June 2013 until May 2019.<ref name=ORSN>{{cite web|last=ORSN|url=http://www.orsn.org/en/|accessdateaccess-date=11 October 2013|title=[...] the ORSN was again activated in June 2013}}</ref>
Several [[Internet service provider]]s in Europe used ORSN as a root for their [[name server]]s.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}
 
== ORSN root nameservers ==
 
ORSN's root server system consistsconsisted of 13 root servers, a distributed system connected on a secure VPN, for synchronization and management. All of the 13 servers ran on [[FreeBSD]] and [[BIND]]. Monitoring and management daemon was developed by founder, [[Markus Grundmann]].
All of the 13 servers are running on [[FreeBSD]] and [[BIND]].
Monitoring and management daemon was developed by founder, Markus Grundmann.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-----
! Letter
! IP Countrycountry
! IPv4 Addressaddress
! IPv6 Addressaddress
! Operator / Sponsorsponsor
|-----
! A
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]]
| {{IPaddr|185.29.88.82}}
| {{IPaddr|2a00:a6a0:1:1::6:2}}
| XINON GmbH, [[St. Anna am Aigen]], [[Austria]]
|-----
! B
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]]
| {{IPaddr|91.206.27.66}}
| {{IPaddr|2001:67c:2044:c139::53}}
| HosTeam S.C., [[Poznań]], [[Poland]]
|-----
! C
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|178.19.70.8}}
| {{IPaddr|2a01:440:1:f:178:19:70:8}}
| whTec, [[Oberhausen]], [[Germany]]
|-----
! D
| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]]
| {{IPaddr|85.17.122.15}}
| {{IPaddr|2001:1af8:40e0:a007:bbb::}}
| Mr. Ömer Canıtez
|-----
! E
| {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]]
|
|
| Zen Systems A/S, [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]]
|-----
! F
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|212.224.71.116}}
| {{IPaddr|2a01:7e0:0:100:212:224:71:116}}
| First Colo GmbH, [[Munich]], [[Germany]]
|-----
! G
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]]
| {{IPaddr|193.93.165.1}}
|
| Association for the Development of West Athens (ASDA), [[Athens]], [[Greece]]
|-----
! H
| {{flagicon|France}} [[France]]
| {{IPaddr|188.165.175.112}}
| {{IPaddr|2001:41d0:2:5a70::c0de}}
| Mr. Péter Vámos, [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]
|-----
! I
| {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
| {{IPaddr|180.149.57.12}}
|
| [[National Knowledge Network]], [[New Delhi]], [[India]]▼
| ▼
▲| National Knowledge Network, [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
|-----
! J
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|188.138.82.98}}
|
| 3Q Medien GmbH, [[Potsdam]], [[Germany]]
|-----
! K
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|82.206.1.22}}
| {{IPaddr|2001:4b88:9000::}}
| Titan Networks GmbH, [[Hofheim, Hesse|Hofheim]], [[Germany]]
|-----
! L
| {{flagicon|NetherlandNetherlands}} [[NetherlandNetherlands]]
| {{IPaddr|79.99.236.6}}
|
| JustNet GmbH, [[Baden]], [[Switzerland]]
|-----
! M
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|82.193.249.196}}
|
| Mr. [[Markus Grundmann]], Founder of ORSN, [[Germany]]
|}
table data from ORSN Root Zone<ref>[http://www.orsn.org/roothint/root-hint.txt ORSN Root Hint (BIND)]</ref> Version: 2015022600<br />
[http://www.orsn.org/en/tech/ ORSN Root Server Systems Technical Information]
 
==ORSN Publicpublic DNS Serversservers==
ORSN Publicpublic DNS Serversservers arewere operated by the community of ORSN, providing [[Domain Name System]] access freely for everyone, without any limitation. It did not serve additional TLDs but only the regular ICANN TLDs. ORSN public DNS servers were intended to respect privacy, doand should not loghave logged usage, although these servers were run independently and there was no technical means by which ORSN could enforce this. Anyone was able to choose to run an OSRN public DNS server and submit it via web form. These DNS servers arewere an alternatealternative option for users that don'tdid not have a local ORSN-ready server or in the case that the local ISP doesn'tdid not support the use of ORSN. All registered servers arewere monitored constantly, for availability and thefunctionality. rightMost functionalityof inthese are Non-Operational including the ORSNavailability rootwebsite serverbut environmenta couple still work. <ref>[http://www.orsn.org/en/tech/pubdns/ Overview of the ORSN Public DNS Servers]</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-----
! FQDN
! IP Countrycountry
! IPv4 Addressaddress
! IPv6 Addressaddress
! Operator / Sponsorsponsor
! Operational Status
|-----
|-
! ns0.freeinfosociety.org
| {{flagicon|France}} [[France]]
| {{IPaddr|188.165.175.115}}
| {{IPaddr|2001:41d0:2:5a70::1}}
▲|
| Mr. Péter Vámos, [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]
| Non-Operational
|-----
! ns1.freeinfosociety.org
| {{flagicon|France}} [[France]]
| {{IPaddr|37.187.23.23}}
| {{IPaddr|2001:41d0:a:1717::1}}
|
| Mr. Péter Vámos, [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]
| Non-Operational
|-----
!ns2.freeinfosociety.org
| {{flagicon|France}} [[France]]
| {{IPaddr|37.187.99.178}}
| {{IPaddr|2001:41d0:a:23b2::1}}
|
| Mr. Péter Vámos, [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]
| Non-Operational
|-----
! ns01.ch.orsn.it-schwerin.de
| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]]
| {{IPaddr|178.209.50.232}}
| {{IPaddr|2a02:418:6a04:178:209:50:232:cafe}}
|
| Mr. Daniel Pajonzeck
| Non-Operational
|-----
! orsn-ns01.zirkumflex.net
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|84.200.83.54}}
| {{IPaddr|2001:1608:10:102::acab}}
|
| Mr. Daniel Thielemann
| Non-Operational
|-----
! orsn-ns.godau.eu
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|109.230.224.42}}
| {{IPaddr|2a02:d40:3:1:ac11:71ff:feee:41b3}}
|
| Mr. Jens Godau
| Non-Operational
|-----
! orsn-ns2.godau.eu
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|87.118.126.225}}
| {{IPaddr|2001:1b60:3:267:3436:21:0:1}}
|
| Mr. Jens Godau
| Non-Operational
|-----
! orsn.dnscache.cyborg-connect.de
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|37.187.193.30}}
|
| Cyborg-Connect.de
| Non-Operational
|-----
! orsn-ns01.first-colo.de
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
| {{IPaddr|212.224.71.71}}
| {{IPaddr|2a01:7e0::212:224:71:71}}
| First Colo GmbH
| Operational
|-----
! orsn-ns02.first-colo.nl
| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]]
| {{IPaddr|79.133.62.62}}
|
| First Colo GmbH
| Operational
|-----
! a.tx.nic.servertx.cf
! torchwood.databit7.com
| {{flagicon|USANetherlands}} [[USA]]Amsterdam
| {{IPaddr|195.20.51.139}}
| 72.80.25.34
|
| 2001:470:1f06:514::2
| Verotel International
| Databit7.com
| Non-Operational
|-----
|}
 
ORSN Public DNS data last updated on 118 MarchOctober 20152022.<br />
source: [http://www.orsn.net/en/tech/pubdns/ Official ORSN Public DNS live data and monitoring.]
 
==See also==
* [[Alternative DNS root]]
* [[Domain Name System]]
* [[root nameserverOpenNIC]]
* [[Public recursive name serverservers]]
* [[AlternativeRoot DNS rootnameserver]]
* [[ICANN]]
 
==References==
Line 215 ⟶ 229:
 
==External links==
* [httphttps://wwwweb.archive.org/web/20061205040340/http://orsn.org/ ORSN Project Homepage]
* [http://www.orsn.org/en/tech/ ORSN Root Server Systems Technical Information]
* [http://www.orsn.net/en/tech/pubdns/ Overview of the ORSN Public DNS Servers]
* [http://icannwiki.comorg/Open_Root_Server_Network ORSN at ICANNwiki]
 
 
[[Category:Alternative Internet DNS services]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Root_Server_Network"