Rattleback: Difference between revisions

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Archeologists who investigated ancient [[Celt]]ic and [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[archaeology|sites]] in the 19th century found [[celt (tool)|celts]] which exhibited the spin-reversal motion.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} The [[antiquarian]] word ''celt'' (the "c" is soft, pronounced as "s") describes [[lithic analysis|lithic]] tools and weapons shaped like an [[adze]], [[axe]], [[chisel]], or [[hoe (tool)|hoe]].

The first modern descriptions of these celts were published in the 1890s when [[Gilbert Walker (physicist)|Gilbert Walker]] wrote his "On a curious dynamical property of celts" for the ''Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society'' in Cambridge, England, and "On a dynamical top" for the ''Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics'' in Somerville, Massachusetts, US.<ref>{{cite journal |first=G.T. |last=Walker |title=On a dynamical top |journal=Quart. J. Pure Appl. Math |volume=28 |pages=175–184 |date=1896 |url={{GBurl|1_zxAAAAMAAJ|p=175}} }}<br/>{{cite journal |first=G.T. |last=Walker |title=On a curious dynamical property of celts |journal=Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=305–6 |date=1895 |url={{GBurl|fPpJAQAAMAAJ|p=305}} }}</ref>

| date=1896

| last1=Walker | first1=G. T. | authorlink1=Gilbert Walker (physicist)

| title=On a dynamical top

| journal=[[The Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics|Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics]]

| volume=28

| pages=175–184

| url={{GBurl|1_zxAAAAMAAJ|p=175}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal

| date=1895

| last1=Walker | first1=G. T. | authorlink1=Gilbert Walker (physicist)

| title=On a curious dynamical property of celts

| journal=[[Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society]]

| volume=8

| issue=5

| pages=305–306

| url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofcam8189295camb/page/304/mode/2up}}</ref>

Additional examinations of rattlebacks were published in 1909 and 1918, and by the 1950s and 1970s, several more examinations were made. But, the popular fascination with the objects has increased notably since the 1980s when no fewer than 28 examinations were published.

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Other ways to add motion to a rattleback include tapping by pressing down momentarily on either of its ends, and rocking by pressing down repeatedly on either of its ends.

For a comprehensive analysis of rattleback's motion, see V.Ph. Zhuravlev and D.M. Klimov (2008).<ref>{{cite journal |firstfirst1=V.Ph. |lastlast1=Zhuravlev |first2=D.M. |last2=Klimov |title=Global motion of the celt |journal=Mechanics of Solids |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=320–7 |date=2008 |doi=10.3103/S0025654408030023 |bibcode=2008MeSol..43..320Z }}</ref> The previous papers were based on simplified assumptions and limited to studying local instability of its steady-state oscillation.

Realistic mathematical modelling of a rattleback is presented by G. Kudra and J. Awrejcewicz (2015).<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Application and experimental validation of new computational models of friction forces and rolling resistance|first1=Grzegorz|last1=Kudra|first2=Jan|last2=Awrejcewicz|date=September 1, 2015|journal=Acta Mechanica|volume=226|issue=9|pages=2831–2848|doi=10.1007/s00707-015-1353-z|s2cid=122992413|doi-access=free}}</ref> They focused on modelling of the contact forces and tested different versions of models of friction and rolling resistance, obtaining good agreement with the experimental results.

Numerical simulations predict that a rattleback situated on a harmonically oscillating base can exhibit rich bifurcation dynamics, including different types of periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motions.<ref>{{cite journal |firstfirst1=J. |lastlast1=Awrejcewicz |first2=G. |last2=Kudra |title=Mathematical modelling and simulation of the bifurcational wobblestone dynamics |journal=Discontinuity, Nonlinearity and Complexity |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=123–132 |date=2014 |doi=10.5890/DNC.2014.06.002 }}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Spinning top]]

*[[Tesla's Egg of Columbus]]

*[[Tennis racket theorem]]

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{{reflist|25em}}

{{refbegin}}

*{{cite journal |first=Hermann |last=Bondi |title=The rigid body dynamics of unidirectional spin |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences |volume=405 |issue=1829 |pages=265–274 |date=1986 |doi=10.1098/rspa.1986.0052 |jstor=2397977 |bibcode=1986RSPSA.405..265B }}

*{{cite journal |first=A.B. |last=Pippard |title=How to make a celt or rattleback |journal=European Journal of Physics |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=63–64 |date=1990 |doi=10.1088/0143-0807/11/1/112 }}

{{refend}}

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{{Commons category|Celtic rattlebacks}}

*Doherty, Paul. Scientific Explorations. [http://www.exo.net/~pauld/activities/sweden/spoonrattleback.html ''Spoon Rattleback''.] 2000.

*{{cite web |title=Celt Spoon |date=2002 |publisher=[[Flinn Scientific Inc.]] |url=http://www.flinnsci.com/Documents/demoPDFs/PhysicalSci/PS10440.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214135407/http://www.flinnsci.com/Documents/demoPDFs/PhysicalSci/PS10440.pdf |archive-date=2006-12-14 }}

*Sanderson, Jonathan. Activity of the Week: [https://web.archive.org/web/20061021205047/http://www.scienceyear.com/about_sy/news/ps_176-200/ps_issue182.html#4 Rattleback].

*Simon Fraser University: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120205181113/http://www.sfu.ca/physics/ugrad/courses/teaching_resources/demoindex/mechanics/mech1q/celt.html ''Celt''.] physics demonstration. Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.