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The '''ESMF''' (''Earth System Modeling Framework'') is a software for building and coupling multi-component [[climate]], numerical [[weather prediction]], data assimilation, and other [[Earth science]] [[software application]]s on high-perfomance computers. The project is distinguished by its strong emphasis on community ownership and distributed development, and by a diverse customer base that includes modeling groups from universities, major national research centers, the National Weather Service, the Department of Defense, and NASA. The ESMF development team is centered at [[NCAR]].▼
{{more footnotes|date=October 2016}}
The '''Earth System Modeling Framework''' ('''ESMF''') is [[open-source software]] for building [[Climate model|climate]], [[numerical weather prediction]], [[data assimilation]], and other [[Earth science]] [[software applications]]. These applications are computationally demanding and usually run on [[supercomputers]]. The ESMF is considered a technical layer, integrated into a sophisticated [[common modeling infrastructure]] for [[interoperability]]. Other aspects of interoperability and shared infrastructure include: common experimental protocols, common analytic methods, common documentation standards for data and data provenance, shared workflow, and shared model components.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cpo.noaa.gov/sites/cpo/MAPP/Webinars/2014/03-31-14/Balaji.pdf|title=Scientific Basis for Common Infrastructure|author=NOAA/CPO MAPP|date=March 31, 2014|page=15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120185349/http://cpo.noaa.gov/sites/cpo/MAPP/Webinars/2014/03-31-14/Balaji.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-20}}</ref>
==ESMF History==▼
The ESMF collaboration had its roots in the Common Modeling Infrastructure Working Group (CMIWG), an unfunded, grass-roots effort to explore ways of enhancing collaborative Earth system model development. The CMIWG attracted broad participation from major weather and climate modeling groups at research and operational centers. In a series of meetings held from 1998 to 2000, CMIWG members established general requirements and a preliminary design for a common computational framework.▼
▲The
In September 2000, the NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) released a solicitation that called for the creation of the ESMF. A critical mass of CMIWG participants agreed to develop a coordinated response, based on their strawman framework design, and submitted three linked proposals. The first focused on development of the core ESMF software, the second on deployment of ESMF modeling applications, and the third on deployment of ESMF data assimilation applications. All three proposals were funded, at a collective level of $9.8M. As the ESMF project gained momentum, it replaced the CMIWG as the focal point for developing community modeling infrastructure.▼
Editing Earth System Modeling Framework is [[free software]] released under the [[University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License]].
During the period of NASA funding, the ESMF team developed a prototype of the framework and used it in a number of experiments that demonstrated coupling of modeling components from different institutions. ESMF was also used as the basis for the construction of a new model, the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model at NASA Goddard.▼
==Purpose==
As the end of the first funding cycle for ESMF neared, ESMF collaborators wrote a Project Plan that defined a multi-agency organization. The Project Plan provided a framework for new partners and an orderly transition to new management bodies and processes. Major new grants came from NASA, through the Modeling Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program for Climate Variability and Change, and from the Department of Defense Battlespace Environments Institute. The NSF continued funding part of the development team through NCAR core funds. Many smaller application adoption projects were funded in domains as diverse as space weather and sediment transport.▼
ESMF increases the interoperability of Earth-science modeling software developed at different sites and promotes [[code reuse]]. The idea is to transform distributed, specialized knowledge and resources into a collaborative, integrated modeling community that operates more efficiently, can address a wider variety of problems more effectively, and is more responsive to societal needs.
At the end of the first funding cycle the ESMF team also wrote a white paper on Future Directions for the Earth System Modeling Framework. This paper formed the basis for a proposal to NSF to combine ESMF (and other frameworks) with data services to create an environment that supports an end-to-end modeling workflow. It was funded and has become the Earth System Curator project.▼
==Software architecture==
===External links===▼
ESMF is based on principles of [[component-based software engineering]]. The components within an ESMF software application usually represent large-scale physical domains such as the [[atmosphere]], ocean, [[cryosphere]], or land surface. Some models also represent specific processes (e.g. ocean biogeochemistry, the impact of [[solar radiation]] on the atmosphere) as components. In ESMF, components can create and drive other components so that an ocean biogeochemistry component can be part of a larger ocean component.
The software that connects physical domains is called a coupler in the Earth system modeling community. Couplers follow the [[mediator pattern]] and take the outputs from one component and transform them into the inputs that are needed to run another component. Transformations may include unit conversions, grid interpolation or remapping, mergers (i.e., combining land and ocean surfaces to form a completely covered global surface) or other specialized transformations. In ESMF, couplers are also software components.
==Capabilities==
ESMF represents user data in the form of [[data object]]s such as grids, fields, and arrays. The user data within a component may be copied or referenced into these ESMF objects. Once user data is part of an ESMF data object, framework methods can be used to transform and transfer the data as required to other components in the system. This generally happens within a coupler component.
Grid interpolation and remapping are core utilities of ESMF. Interpolation weights can be generated in ESMF using [[bilinear interpolation]], finite element patch recovery, and conservative remapping methods.
ESMF can associate [[metadata]] with data objects. The metadata, in the form of name and value pairs, is grouped into packages, which can be written out in [[XML]] and other standard formats. ESMF metadata packages are based on community conventions including the [[Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions]] and the [[METAFOR]] Common Information Model.
▲The ESMF collaboration had its roots in the [[Common Modeling Infrastructure]] Working Group (CMIWG), an unfunded, grass-roots effort to explore ways of enhancing collaborative Earth system model development. The CMIWG attracted broad participation from major weather and climate modeling groups at research and operational centers. In a series of meetings held from 1998 to 2000, CMIWG members established general requirements and a preliminary design for a common
▲In September 2000, the NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) released a solicitation that called for the creation of
▲During the period of NASA funding, the ESMF team developed a prototype of the framework and used it in a number of experiments that demonstrated coupling of modeling components from different institutions. ESMF was also used as the basis for the construction of a new model, the [[Goddard Earth Observing System]] (GEOS
▲As the end of the first funding cycle for ESMF neared,
▲
In 2008, a project manager was appointed for the [[National Unified Operational Prediction Capability]] (NUOPC), a joint project for weather prediction of the [[United States Navy]], the [[National Weather Service]], and the [[United States Air Force]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= National Unified Operational Prediction Capability |work= Status slides for ESMF |format= Powerpoint |author= Steven Payne |date= December 17, 2008
|url= http://www.earthsystemmodeling.org/presentations/pres_0812_board_steve.ppt |url-status= dead |archivedate= July 26, 2011 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726011555/http://www.earthsystemmodeling.org/presentations/pres_0812_board_steve.ppt |accessdate= November 16, 2016 }}</ref>
== See also ==
*[[Coupled Model Intercomparison Project]] (CMIP)
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== Further reading ==
*{{Cite journal|doi=10.1177/1094342005056120|title=Design and Implementation of Components in the Earth System Modeling Framework|journal=International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications|volume=19|issue=3|pages=341|year=2005|author=N. Collins|author2=G. Theurich|author3=C. DeLuca|author4=M. Suarez|author5=A. Trayanov|author6=V. Balaji|author7=P. Li|author8=W. Yang|author9=C. Hill|author10=A. da Silva|bibcode=2005IJHPC..19..341C |s2cid=41367442|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235570}}
*{{Cite journal|doi=10.1109/MCISE.2004.1255817|title=The architecture of the earth system modeling framework|journal=Computing in Science & Engineering|volume=6|pages=18–28|year=2004|last1=Hill|first1=C.|last2=Deluca|first2=C.|last3=Balaji|last4=Suarez|first4=M.|last5=Da Silva|first5=A.|issue=1|bibcode=2004CSE.....6a..18H|s2cid=9311752}}
*{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s12145-008-0016-1|title=Earth system curator: Metadata infrastructure for climate modeling|journal=Earth Science Informatics|volume=1|issue=3–4|pages=131–149|year=2008|last1=Dunlap|first1=Rocky|last2=Mark|first2=Leo|last3=Rugaber|first3=Spencer|last4=Balaji|first4=V.|last5=Chastang|first5=Julien|last6=Cinquini|first6=Luca|last7=Deluca|first7=Cecelia|last8=Middleton|first8=Don|last9=Murphy|first9=Sylvia|doi-access=free}}
*[http://www.earthsystemmodeling.org Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140421050904/https://www.earthsystemcog.org/projects/espc-infrastructure/ Earth System Prediction Capability (ESPC)]
*[http://map.nasa.gov/ Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program (NASA)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140502005126/http://esgf.org/ Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF)]
{{Atmospheric, Oceanographic and Climate Models|state=expanded}}
{{Computer modeling}}
[[Category:Weather prediction]]
[[Category:Numerical climate and weather models]]
[[Category:Earth system sciences|Modeling Framework]]
[[Category:Free science software]]
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