Buildings and structures in Sheffield: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Buildings and structures in English city}}

'''Buildings and structures in Sheffield''' have been constructed over a time-span ranging from the 13th century to the present day. However, the majority of [[Sheffield]]'s older buildings were built during the [[Industrial Revolution]]. Many of Sheffield's medieval buildings were demolished in the 19th century, and some older buildings were also lost during the [[Sheffield Blitz]]. Sheffield has only five Grade I [[listed buildings]], two of which are in the city centre.

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

{{Use British English|date=March 2025}}

'''Buildings and structures in Sheffield''' have been constructed over a time-span ranging from the 13th century to the present day. However, theThe majority of [[Sheffield]]'s older buildings were built during the [[Industrial Revolution]]., Manywith of Sheffield'smany medieval buildings were demolished in the 19th century, and; some older buildings were also lost during the [[Sheffield Blitz]]. Sheffield hascan only lay claim to five Grade I [[listed buildings]], two of which are in the city centre.

The oldest structure is [[Beauchief Abbey]], which dates back to the 12th century and is now still a functioning Abbey, open every Sunday with evensong once a month. Within the grounds, there are also signs of the old [[ruin]] andof dateswhen backthe toAbbey thewas 12thonce centurymuch bigger. The oldest complete structure is [[Sheffield Cathedral]], parts of which date back to the 13th century. TheIn 78relation metreto height, the {{convert|78|m|adj=on}} [[Arts Tower]] is currentlywas the tallest completed building in theSheffield city, tilluntil the St Pauls tower (City Lofts) project iswas finished.completed in 2011.

==History==

===Pre 19th century===

At the time of the [[Norman Conquest]] Sheffield was a small [[hamlet]]. It was dominated by a wooden [[long house]] occupied by the [[Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton|lord of Hallam]], subsequently the site for the 2 [[Sheffield Castle|castles]].

===Pre -19th century===

The [[Domesday Book]], which William the Conqueror ordered written so that the value of the townships and manors of England could be assessed, mentions :-

[[File:Bishops House 2011.jpg|thumb|[[Bishops' House, Sheffield|Bishops' House]], built c.1500]]

At the time of the [[Norman Conquest]] Sheffield was a small [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]. It was dominated by a wooden [[long house]] occupied by the [[Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton|lord of Hallam]], subsequentlywhich later became the site forof the 2two [[Sheffield Castle|castles]].

The [[Domesday Book]], which William the Conqueror ordered to be written so that the value of the townships and manors of England could be assessed, mentions :-

:'''''LANDS OF ROGER DE BUSLI'''''

:''In Hallam, one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine carucates [~14 km²²] to be taxed. There Earl Waltheof had an "Aula" [hall or court]. ...

In the 12th century this was replaced with a wooden motte and bailey castle. Beauchief Abbey was built 4four miles south-west of what was nowthen a well -established town. WhenIn the 12th century a wooden [[motte-and-bailey castle]] was built. When this castle was destroyed in 1260, it was replaced with a stone castle, which would stand until the [[English Civil War]].

In November 2005, the [[University of Sheffield]]´'s archaeological consultancyconsultant, ARCUS, unearthed a [[medievalMedieval]] well of over three metres in depthdeep in the [[sandstone]] bedrock beneath Carmel House on Fargate.<ref [name="Media Centre">{{cite web|title=City centre dig unearths secrets of medieval Sheffield|url=http://www.shef.ac.uk/mediacentre/2005/485.html].|work=University of Sheffield|access-date=27 December 2011}}</ref> The Sheffield city centre site was being excavated as part of a redevelopment project. Pottery found in the well suggests that it was in use by 1300 AD, and had been filled in around the time of the English Civil War. The uncovered medieval pots included jugs made in the Hallgate area of neighbouring [[Doncaster]] and other items from the [[Humber Estuary]].

This discovery was said to offeroffers significant evidence relating to the medieval town of Sheffield, then still a small market town, before its growth during the subsequent Industrial Revolution. Dating of the well indicates that it was probably dug around the time of the rebuildingstone reconstruction of [[Sheffield Castle]] in stone, in 1270 and the granting of Sheffield's Market Charter by [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] in 1296.

Pottery found in the well, suggests that it was in use by 1300 AD, and had been filled in around the time of the [[English Civil War]]. Medieval pots included jugs made in the Hallgate area of neighbouring [[Doncaster]] and other items from the [[Humber Estuary]].

Due to the conditions in the well, animal bones, and plant remains (possibly including microscopic pollen grains) have been preserved and will be analysed the University's Department of Archaeology laboratories.

This discovery was said to offer significant evidence relating to the medieval town of Sheffield, still a small market town, before its growth during the subsequent Industrial Revolution. Dating of the well indicates that it was probably dug around the time of the rebuilding of [[Sheffield Castle]] in stone, in 1270 and the granting of Sheffield's Market Charter by [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] in 1296.

Sheffield's second parish church was built in 1280, replacing the previous 11th -century structure. This was replaced in 1430 with the core of the current structure. [[Lady's Bridge]], the oldest in the city, was built in 1485. The oldest domestic buildings were built atin the late 15th century and the turn of the 16th century. [[Old Queen's Head]] pub (1495)was built in 1475, [[Broom Hall]] (in 1498), and [[Bishops' House, Sheffield|Bishops' House]] (caround 1500).

Due to the conditions in the well, animal bones, plant remains (possibly including microscopic pollen grains) have been preserved and will be analysed the University's Department of Archaeology laboratories.

[[Sheffield Manor]] was built in 1510 as an alternative residence for the [[Earl of Shrewsbury]]. The manor was to later become famous when [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], was imprisoned there. Sheffield Castle was largely destroyed during the civil war. The manor was also largely demolished in 1706.

Sheffield's second parish church was built in 1280, replacing the previous 11th century structure. This was replaced in 1430 with the core of the current structure. [[Lady's Bridge]], the oldest in the city was built in 1485. The oldest domestic buildings were built at the turn of the 16th century [[Old Queen's Head]] pub (1495), [[Broom Hall]] (1498), and [[Bishops' House]] (c 1500).

[[Sheffield Manor]] was built in 1510 as an alternative residence for the [[Earl of Shrewsbury]]. The manor was to later become famous when [[Mary Queen of Scots]] was imprisoned there. Sheffield Castle was largely destroyed during the civil war. The manor was also largely demolished in 1706.

===Industrial Revolution===

A large number ofMany industrial buildings were built during the 18th and 19th centuries. [[Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet]] is now a grade I listed building and is used as a [[museum]]. Other museums in buildings from the same period are [[Kelham Island Museum]] and [[Shepherd Wheel]].

===20th century===

[[image:Sheffield City Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1221287.jpg|thumb|300px|Sheffield City Hall, 1920]]

TheMany turnresidential ofbuildings thewere 20thconstructed centuryat sawthe aturn hugeof amountthe of20th residential buildingcentury, which leadled to the annexing of large parts of the current city. However, thisThis was followed by a slump, and by 1917 house building had ceased altogether. BuildingConstruction of the [[Sheffield City Hall|city hall]] started in 1920.

The years following the [[Second World War]] saw one of the most intense periods of building in the city's history, referred to as the [[Slum Clearancesclearance in the United Kingdom|slum clearance]]s. Slum housing was replaced with a number of large tower blocks, many of which have since been demolished and replaced with housing once more.

==Current developments==

The £130 million Heart of the City scheme is centred aroundon the ___location of the former town hall extension. It includes a hotel, offices, the [[Sheffield Winter Gardens|Winter Gardens]], [[Millennium Galleries]], and [[Millennium Square (Sheffield)|Millennium Square]]. The 101m{{convert|101|m|adj=on}} St Paul's Tower, which(built is under construction (2007-20092007–2009), will becomeis Sheffield's tallest building.

The £50 million [[Sheffield Midland Station|Sheffield Station Gateway]] scheme has seen improvements in station facilities and the creation of a public space outside, with a large sculpture called Cutting Edge. Other improvements leading up to the Peace Gardens will create a pedestrian link to the city centre.

==Future developments==

The largest scheme due to start is the [[New Retail Quarter]], startingthat was meant to start in 2007. The £400600 million scheme will create new retail units and pedestrianise the area between [[Pinstone Street]], [[Leopold Square]], [[Charter Square]], and the [[Devonshire Quarter]]. Charter Square will also be pedestrianised. The £315 million [[West Bar scheme]] includes new university buildings, a boutique hotel, and residential and commercial developments. Funding was not secured until 2011, by which time the work was originally scheduled to be completed. The project is now underway, renamed as the [[Sevenstone]] Project.

==References==

*J. Edward Vickers, 1987, A Popular History of Sheffield, The Amethyst Press, ISBN 0-906787-04-1

*Mary Walton, 1984, Sheffield its Story and its Achievements, Applebaum Bookshop Ltd., ISBN 0-904293-19-X

==See also==

*[[Listed buildings in Sheffield]]

*[[List of tallest buildings and structures in Sheffield]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

*J. Edward Vickers, 1987, ''A Popular History of Sheffield'', The Amethyst Press, {{ISBN |0-906787-04-1}}

*Mary Walton, 1984, ''Sheffield its Story and its Achievements'', Applebaum Bookshop Ltd., {{ISBN |0-904293-19-X}}

{{SheffieldStructures}}