Internet Chess Server: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Service to play, discuss, and view chess over the internet}}

{{For|the server previously known as the Internet Chess Server|Internet Chess Club}}

{{For|chess on the internet broadly|Internet chess server}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}

The '''American Internet Chess Server''', commonly known as '''Internet Chess Server''' ('''ICS''') was a [[telnet]]-based [[Online chess|chess server]] which allowed users to play live chess over the internet.

An '''Internet chess server''' ('''ICS''') is a [[server]] to facilitate the play, discussion, and viewing of [[chess]] over the [[Internet]]. Specifically, it is a server with a [[Protocol (computing)|protocol]] based on that of the original Internet Chess Server (now the [[Internet Chess Club]]).

== History ==

In the 1970s, one could play correspondence chess in a [[PLATO System]] program called "chess3". Several users used chess3 regularly; often a particular user would make several moves per day, sometimes with several games simultaneously in progress. In theory one could use chess3 to play a complete game of chess in one sitting, but chess3 was not usually used this way. PLATO was not connected to Internet predecessor [[ARPANET]] in any way that allowed mass use by the public, and consequently, chess3 was and still is relatively unknown to the public. In the eighties, chess [[play-by-mail game|play by email]] was still fairly novel. Latency with email was less significant than with traditional [[correspondence chess]] via paper letters. Often one could complete a dozen moves in a week. As network technology improved, public, widespread use of a centralised server for live play became a possibility.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

Michael Moore, of the [[University of Utah]], and Richard Nash recognized the potential of an internet chess server and created its first incarnation, hosted at lark.utah.edu and accessible through [[telnet]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harasim|first1=Linda|title=Learning Networks: A Field Guide to Teaching and Learning Online|date=1997|publisher=MIT Press|___location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=9780262082365|pages=[https://archive.org/details/learningnetworks00hara/page/299 299]|edition=3. print.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/learningnetworks00hara/page/299}}</ref> The Internetofficial Chessopening Serverdate of the ICS was created15 inJanuary 1992. John Chanak, William Kish, and Aaron Putnam moved the lateserver to a host machine at [[1980sCarnegie Mellon University]] byin aJuly group1992, ofand volunteerstook over its operation. Although it was [[ComputerSoftware bug|buggy]] and suffered from [[Lag (online gaming)|lag]] problems, the server was popular among a small group of chess enthusiasts. Over time, many features were added to the ICS, such as [[ELOElo rating system|ELOElo ratings]] and support for [[Graphical user interface|graphical]] clients, and the server was made more stable.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tim Mann |title=Internet Chess Servers |url=http://www.tim-mann.org/ics.html |access-date=14 May 2013}}</ref>

In late 1992, [[Daniel Sleator]], professor of [[computer science]] at Carnegie Mellon University, took over management of the ICS. He addressed, among other issues, the frequent complaint that players would lose blitz games on time due to network lag. In 1994, he copyrighted the code, and began receiving purchase offers from companies wanting to commercialize the server. There were questions about whether Sleator was right to claim that the ICS was his intellectual property, since he did not code the original server, although he had made substantial improvements to its code.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}

In [[1992]], Daniel Sleator took over managment of the ICS. ''To be finished soon…''

On 1 March 1995, Sleator announced his intentions to commercialize ICS himself, renaming it the [[Internet Chess Club]], or ICC, and charging a yearly membership fee of {{US$|49}} ({{US$|59.95}} in 2007). This announcement was highly controversial among existing members. Many volunteers who had contributed in various ways to the flourishing of ICS were upset that anyone would attempt to profit from their efforts. Active players on the server who were used to the service being provided without charge were not pleased with the addition of the membership fee.

== Protocol and access ==

A handful of programmers who had worked on the original ICS became unhappy with what they saw as the commoditization of their project. They formed the [[Free Internet Chess Server]] (FICS), and continued to allow everyone to have access to all features for free. In 1996, [[John Fanning (businessman)|John Fanning]], uncle of [[Napster]] founder [[Shawn Fanning]], started Chess.net,<ref>{{cite web |title=a creative chess online community |url=http://www.chess.net/ |website=chess.net |access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> a commercial Internet chess server to rival ICS. Both services remain operational today.

The ICS protocol is a simple, [[text-based]] variant of the [[telnet]] protocol. It is sparsely [[Documentation|documented]] and not standardized, although a few [[reference implementation]]s and several [[Client (computing)|clients]] exist.

== Protocol and access ==

In theory, an ICS can be accessed from any telnet client. That said, almost all [[User (computing)|users]] choose to play using a graphical client, commonly called an interface. Currently, the most popular interface is [[XBoard]] (and its [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] counterpart, WinBoard). In recent years, however, it has lost ground to newer interfaces like [[BabasChess]] and [[Thief (chess)|Thief]].

The [[ICS protocol]] is a simple, [[text-based]] variant of the [[telnetTELNET]] protocol. It is sparsely [[Documentation|documented]] and not standardizedstandardised, although a few [[referenceReference implementation (computing)|reference implementations]]s and several [[Client (computing)|clients]] exist.

In addition to standalone clients, many servers also offer [[Java platform|Java]] interfaces that can be used directly from a [[Web browser]]. These are popular with [[Newbie|new users]] and users of [[public]] [[computer]]s.

== Available servers ==

In addition to standalone clients, many servers also offer [[Java platform|Java]] interfaceswebsites that can be used directly from a [[Web browser]]. These are popular with [[Newbie|new users]] and users of [[public]] [[computer]]scomputers.

Over the years, several Internet chess servers have been created. The Internet Chess Club, with over 30,000 members, is by far the largest server. The second largest server is the [[Free Internet Chess Server]]. Other servers include [[Chess Live]], [[Chess.net]], [[ChessAnyTime]], as well as various local servers. However, these servers have significantly less membership than the ICC and FICS.

== See also ==

* [[List of internet chess platforms]]

* [[Chess engine]]

* [[Computer chess]]

* [[Correspondence chess server]]

== References ==

*[[Internet Chess Club]], the first Internet chess server

{{Reflist}}

*[[Yahoo! Games]], an [[online]] [[game]] server which includes another popular chess [[implementation]]

== External links ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100313150500/http://members.cox.net/cpetroff/FICS/ History of the Internet Chess Server 1992–1995], Chris Petroff

{{Chess|state=collapsed}}

*[http://www.tim-mann.org/ics.html A brief overview of Internet chess servers] by Tim Mann

*[http://chessd.sourceforge.net/index-en.php ChessD], an [[Open source|open-source]] ICS implementation

*[http://chess.samba.org/ Lasker Chess Server], another ICS implementation, based on ChessD

{{DEFAULTSORT:Internet Chess Server}}

[[Category:Chess]]

[[Category:Internet chess servers| ]]

[[Category:Chess websites]]

[[Category:Internet protocols]]