Input method: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|InputMethod offor charactersgenerating notnon-native characters nativelyon availabledevices}}

[[File:TypingChineseCharactersWithCangjieGedit383Ubuntu1310Screencast.webm|thumb|Typing [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] with [[Cangjie input method|Cangjie]]]]

[[File:Typing 있습니다 in Dubeolsik keyboard layout.gif|thumb|An animation shows how an input method produces [[Korean language and computers|Korean texts]].]]

[[File:IME demonstratie - Matsuo Bashou - Furu ikeya kawazu tobikomu mizuno oto.png|thumb|Operation of a typical Japanese [[romaji]]-based IME]]

An '''input method''' (or '''input method editor''', commonly abbreviated '''IME''') is an [[operating system]] component or program that enables users to generate characters not natively available on their [[input device]]s by using sequences of characters (or mouse operations) that are natively available on their inputto devicesthem. Using an input method is usually necessary for languages that have more [[grapheme]]s than there are keys on the keyboard.

[[File:Interface of Weasel Input Method.png|thumb|Operation of a Chinese [[pinyin]]-based IME]]

For instance, on the computer, this allows the user of [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] [[Keyboard layout|keyboards]] to input [[Chinese characters|Chinese]], [[Japanese writing system|Japanese]], [[Hangul|Korean]] and [[Indic script|Indic]] characters. On hand-held devices, it enables the user to type on the [[telephoneTelephone keypad|numeric keypad]] to enter [[Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet characters]] (or any other alphabet characters) or touch a screen display to input text. On some operating systems, an input method is also used to define the behaviourbehavior of the [[dead key]]s.

An '''input method''' (or '''input method editor''', commonly abbreviated '''IME''') is an [[operating system]] component or program that enables users to generate characters not natively available on their [[input device]]s by using sequences of characters (or mouse operations) that are natively available on their input devices. Using an input method is usually necessary for languages that have more [[grapheme]]s than there are keys on the keyboard.

For instance, on the computer, this allows the user of [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] [[Keyboard layout|keyboards]] to input [[Chinese characters|Chinese]], [[Japanese writing system|Japanese]], [[Hangul|Korean]] and [[Indic script|Indic]] characters. On hand-held devices, it enables the user to type on the [[telephone keypad|numeric keypad]] to enter [[Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet characters]] (or any other alphabet characters) or touch a screen display to input text. On some operating systems, an input method is also used to define the behaviour of the [[dead key]]s.

==Implementations==

[[File:Swarachakra keyboard.png|thumb|Screenshot of [[Swarachakra]], an input method producing [[Indic scripts]].]]

{{expand section|date=January 2011}}

Although originally coined for [[CJK]] (Chinese, Japanese and Korean) computing, the term is now sometimes used generically to refer to a program to support the input of any language. To illustrate, in the [[X Window System]], the facility to allow the input of [[Latin character]]s with [[diacritic]]s is also called an input method.

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==Relationship between the methodology and implementation==

While the term ''input method editor'' was originally used for [[Microsoft Windows#Multilingual support: IMEs and LIPs|Microsoft Windows]], its use has now gained acceptance in other operating systems{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}}, especially when it is important to distinguish between the [[Interface (computer science)|computer interface]] and implementation of input methods, or among the input methods themselves, the editing functionality of the program or operating system component providing the input method, and the general support of input methods in an operating system. This term has, for example, gained general acceptance on the Linux operating system and [[Android (operating system)|Android]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=Create an input method {{!}} Views |url=https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/touch-and-input/creating-input-method |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Android Developers |language=en}}</ref> it is also used on the[[macOS]].<ref>{{Cite Macweb OS|title=InputMethodKit |url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/inputmethodkit |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Apple Developer Documentation |language=en-US}}</ref>

*The term ''input method'' generally refers to a particular way to use the keyboard to input a particular language, for example the [[Cangjie method]], the [[pinyin method]], or the use of [[dead key]]s.

*On the other hand, the term ''input method editor'' on Microsoft products refers to the actual program that allows an input method to be used (for example MS New Pinyin). [[Predictive Input Method|PRIME]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} or [[Smart Common Input Method|SCIM]] prefer the term of ''Input Method Engine'', ''Input Method platform'' or ''Input Method environment'',{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} or the actual ''editing area'' that allows the user to do the input. It can also <!-- apparently --> refer to a character palette, which allows any Unicode character to be input individually. One might also interpret IME to refer to the editor used for creating or modifying the data files upon which an input method relies.

==See also==

*[[Internationalization and localization]]

*[[ {{annotated link|CJK characters]]}}

*[[ {{annotated link|Internationalization and localization]]}}

* {{annotated link|Unicode input#Techniques}}

===Related techniques===

*[[ {{annotated link|Alt codes]]}}

* {{annotated link|Handwriting recognition}}

*[[ {{annotated link|Keyboard layout]]}}, in particular ''[[dead keys]]''

===Input methods versus language===

*[[{{annotated link|Chinese input methods for computers]]method}}

*[[{{annotated link|Japanese language and computers]] and [[Japanese input}} method]]s

**{{annotated link|Japanese input method}}

*[[Korean language and computers]]

*[[Vietnamese language and computers]]

*[[Help:Multilingual support (Indic)|Indic scripts input methods in Wikipedia]] for languages used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia.

===Specific input methods===

*[[List of input methods for Unix platforms]]

*{{annotated link|ATOK}}

*[[ATOK]], and{{annotated [[link|Microsoft Windows#Multilingual support|}} MS IME for Windows]]

*[[Tise]]—Tibetan IM for Windows

*{{annotated link|Tise}}

*[[Wnn]]

*{{annotated link|Wnn}}

===Input methods for handheld devices===

*[[ {{annotated link|Multi-tap]]}} —Used on many mobile telephones—hit the (combined alphanumeric) key for the letter you want until it comes up, then wait or proceed with a different key.

*[[{{annotated link|T9 (predictive text)|T9]]}}/[[XT9]]—Type the key for every letter once, then, if needed, type Next until the right word comes up. May also correct misspellings and regional typos (if an adjacent key is pressed incorrectly).

*[[{{annotated link|iTap]]}} —Similar to first-generation T9, with word [[autocomplete]].

*[[{{annotated link|LetterWise]]—"Hit}}—Hit the key with the letter you want, if it doesn't come up, hit Next until it does."

*[[{{annotated link|FITALY]]}} (An array, almost square, which minimizes distance traveledtravelled from one letter to another.)

*[[MessagEase]], an input method optimized for the most common letters, that can enter hundreds of characters with single hand motions

*[[8pen]], an input method using circular swipes in an attempt to mimic hand movements

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===Virtual keyboards===

{{main|Virtual keyboard}}

*[[Fleksy]]—Eyes-free touch typing for touchscreen devices, also used by blind / visually impaired people.<ref>{{Citation

{{Citation

| last = Meddaugh

| first = Jason

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| title = 2012: A Technology Year in Review

| publisher = American Foundation for the Blind

| publication-place = USAUS

| url = http://www.afb.org/afbpress/pub.asp?DocID=aw140203

| access-date = 2013-02-25

| quote = Our top story of 2012 involves a formerly little-known app called Fleksy and its rise toward prominence and mainstream acceptance.

| archive-date = 2021-02-11

}}

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210211165921/https://afb.org/aw/14/2/15840

</ref>

| url-status = dead

*[[SwiftKey]]—context-sensitive word-prediction<ref>

}}</ref>

{{Citation

*[[SwiftKey]]—context-sensitive word-prediction<ref>{{Citation

| last = Fiedlerová

| first = Klára

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| url = https://dip.felk.cvut.cz/browse/pdfcache/fiedlkla_2012dipl.pdf

| access-date = 2012-08-01

| format = PDF

| quote = Word prediction is used to speed up the text entry. The prediction system uses the context of the sentence to predict three words that could be used next.

| archive-date = 2017-10-14

}}

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171014075957/https://dip.felk.cvut.cz/browse/pdfcache/fiedlkla_2012dipl.pdf

</ref><ref>

| url-status = dead

}}</ref><ref>

{{cite web

| url = http://www.swiftkey.com

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}}

</ref>

*[[{{annotated link|Swype]]}}, an input method that uses swiping gestures instead of tapping to quickly enter text

*[[{{annotated link|Gboard]]}}, the keyboard that comes bundled with the Android operating system

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==

{{CommonscatCommons category|Input Methods}}

*[http://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=30390 Microsoft Input Method Editors (IMEs) for Chinese, Japanese and Korean]

*[http://www.bhashaindia.com/ BhashaIndia], the Microsoft portal for Indic languages, which has Indic IME for download.