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{{Short description|Phylum of bacteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|name = Modulibacteria
|image =
|taxon = Moduliflexota
|authority = corrig. Sekiguchi et al. 2015
| subdivision_ranks = [[Class_(biology)|Class]]<ref name=LPSN/>
| subdivision =
|synonyms =
* "Modulibacteria" <small>(sic) Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small>
}}
'''Modulibacteria'''(Moduliflexota) is a [[Bacterial phyla|bacterial phylum]] formerly known as '''KS3B3''' or '''GN06'''. It is a [[Candidatus|candidate]] phylum, meaning there are no cultured representatives of this group. Members of the Modulibacteria phylum are known to cause fatal filament overgrowth (bulking) in high-rate industrial [[Anaerobic digestion|anaerobic]] wastewater treatment [[bioreactor]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yamada|first1=Takeshi|last2=Yamauchi|first2=Toshihiro|last3=Shiraishi|first3=Koji|last4=Hugenholtz|first4=Philip|last5=Ohashi|first5=Akiyoshi|last6=Harada|first6=Hideki|last7=Kamagata|first7=Yoichi|last8=Nakamura|first8=Kazunori|last9=Sekiguchi|first9=Yuji|date=2007-05-31|title=Characterization of filamentous bacteria, belonging to candidate phylum KSB3, that are associated with bulking in methanogenic granular sludges|journal=The ISME Journal|volume=1|issue=3|pages=246–255|doi=10.1038/ismej.2007.28|pmid=18043635|s2cid=5077407|issn=1751-7362|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yamada|first1=Takeshi|last2=Kikuchi|first2=Kae|last3=Yamauchi|first3=Toshihiro|last4=Shiraishi|first4=Koji|last5=Ito|first5=Tsukasa|last6=Okabe|first6=Satoshi|last7=Hiraishi|first7=Akira|last8=Ohashi|first8=Akiyoshi|last9=Harada|first9=Hideki|last10=Kamagata|first10=Yoichi|last11=Nakamura|first11=Kazunori|date=2011-01-21|title=Ecophysiology of Uncultured Filamentous Anaerobes Belonging to the Phylum KSB3 That Cause Bulking in Methanogenic Granular Sludge|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=77|issue=6|pages=2081–2087|doi=10.1128/aem.02475-10|pmid=21257808|pmc=3067334|bibcode=2011ApEnM..77.2081Y|issn=0099-2240}}</ref>
The Modulibacteria phylum was first proposed in 2006 by two independent research groups based on analyses of [[16S rRNA]] gene sequences. One group recovered Modulibacteria sequences from the a [[Hypersaline lake|hypersaline]] microbial mat from [[Guerrero Negro]] (Baja California Sur, Mexico) and used the provisional name GN06 for the novel [[phylum]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ley|first1=Ruth E.|last2=Harris|first2=J. Kirk|last3=Wilcox|first3=Joshua|last4=Spear|first4=John R.|last5=Miller|first5=Scott R.|last6=Bebout|first6=Brad M.|last7=Maresca|first7=Julia A.|last8=Bryant|first8=Donald A.|last9=Sogin|first9=Mitchell L.|last10=Pace|first10=Norman R.|date=2006-05-01|title=Unexpected Diversity and Complexity of the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline Microbial Mat|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|language=en|volume=72|issue=5|pages=3685–3695|doi=10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006|issn=0099-2240|pmid=16672518|pmc=1472358|bibcode=2006ApEnM..72.3685L}}</ref> while the other recovered sequences from sulfur-rich black mud [[marine sediments]] (CA, USA) and used the provisional name KSB3.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tanner|first=Michael|date=2006|title=Complex Microbial Communities Inhabiting Sulfide-rich Black Mud from Marine Coastal Environments|journal=Biotechnology et Alia|volume=8|pages=1–16}}</ref>
The first [[Genomics|genomic]] insights into the phylum were achieved in 2015, at which time the name "Modulibacteria" was proposed.<ref name=":0" /> Two genomes were recovered from [[Methanogenesis|methanogenic]] sludge samples of a full-scale [[Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion|upflow anaerobic sludge blanket]] (UASB) reactor treating a high-strength organic [[wastewater]] discharged from a food-processing factory.
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== Taxonomy ==
The following taxonomy was proposed by Sekiguchi et al.
▲* Class Moduliflexia
* Class "'''Moduliflexia'''" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small> ["Vecturitrichia" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small>]
** Order "'''Moduliflexales'''" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small> ["Vecturatrichales" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small>]
*** Family "Moduliflexaceae" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small> ["Vecturatrichaceae" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small>]
**** Genus "''Candidatus'' [[Moduliflexus]]" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small><ref>{{cite web |author = Sayers| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?name=Candidatus+Moduliflexus |title=Moduliflexus|publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database |access-date=2016-03-20 }}</ref>
***** Species "''Ca.'' M. flocculans" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small>
**** Genus "''Candidatus'' [[Vecturithrix]]" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small><ref>{{cite web |author = Sayers| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi |title=Vecturithrix |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database |access-date=2016-03-20 }}</ref>
***** Species "''Ca.'' V. granuli" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small>
==See also==
* [[List of bacteria genera]]
* [[List of bacterial orders]]
== References ==
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{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|Biology}}
{{Bacteria classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q27067426}}
[[Category:Bacteria phyla]]
[[Category:
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