Modulibacteria: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Phylum of bacteria}}

{{Automatic taxobox

{{Taxobox

|name = Modulibacteria

|image =

|taxon = Moduliflexota

|___domain = [[Bacteria]]

|familia_authorityauthority = corrig. Sekiguchi et al. 2015

|phylum = "'''Modulibacteria'''"

| subdivision_ranks = [[Class_(biology)|Class]]<ref name=LPSN/>

|classis = "'''Moduliflexia'''"

|ordo = "'''Moduliflexales'''"

|familia ="Moduliflexaceae"

|familia_authority = Sekiguchi et al. 2015

| subdivision_ranks = Genus

| subdivision =

|classis =* "'''Moduliflexia'''"

* "''Ca.'' [[Moduliflexus]]"

|synonyms =

* "''Ca.'' [[Vecturithrix]]"

* "Modulibacteria" <small>(sic) Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small>

}}

'''Modulibacteria'''(Moduliflexota) is a [[Bacterial phyla|bacterial phylum]] formerly known as '''KS3B3''' or '''GN06'''. It is a [[Candidatus|candidate]] phylum, meaning there are no cultured representatives of this group. Members of the Modulibacteria phylum are known to cause fatal filament overgrowth (bulking) in high-rate industrial [[Anaerobic digestion|anaerobic]] wastewater treatment [[bioreactor]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yamada|first1=Takeshi|last2=Yamauchi|first2=Toshihiro|last3=Shiraishi|first3=Koji|last4=Hugenholtz|first4=Philip|last5=Ohashi|first5=Akiyoshi|last6=Harada|first6=Hideki|last7=Kamagata|first7=Yoichi|last8=Nakamura|first8=Kazunori|last9=Sekiguchi|first9=Yuji|date=2007-05-31|title=Characterization of filamentous bacteria, belonging to candidate phylum KSB3, that are associated with bulking in methanogenic granular sludges|journal=The ISME Journal|volume=1|issue=3|pages=246–255|doi=10.1038/ismej.2007.28|pmid=18043635|s2cid=5077407|issn=1751-7362|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yamada|first1=Takeshi|last2=Kikuchi|first2=Kae|last3=Yamauchi|first3=Toshihiro|last4=Shiraishi|first4=Koji|last5=Ito|first5=Tsukasa|last6=Okabe|first6=Satoshi|last7=Hiraishi|first7=Akira|last8=Ohashi|first8=Akiyoshi|last9=Harada|first9=Hideki|last10=Kamagata|first10=Yoichi|last11=Nakamura|first11=Kazunori|date=2011-01-21|title=Ecophysiology of Uncultured Filamentous Anaerobes Belonging to the Phylum KSB3 That Cause Bulking in Methanogenic Granular Sludge|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=77|issue=6|pages=2081–2087|doi=10.1128/aem.02475-10|pmid=21257808|pmc=3067334|bibcode=2011ApEnM..77.2081Y|issn=0099-2240}}</ref>

The Modulibacteria phylum was first proposed in 2006 by two independent research groups based on analyses of [[16S rRNA]] gene sequences. One group recovered Modulibacteria sequences from the a [[Hypersaline lake|hypersaline]] microbial mat from [[Guerrero Negro]] (Baja California Sur, Mexico) and used the provisional name GN06 for the novel [[phylum]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ley|first1=Ruth E.|last2=Harris|first2=J. Kirk|last3=Wilcox|first3=Joshua|last4=Spear|first4=John R.|last5=Miller|first5=Scott R.|last6=Bebout|first6=Brad M.|last7=Maresca|first7=Julia A.|last8=Bryant|first8=Donald A.|last9=Sogin|first9=Mitchell L.|last10=Pace|first10=Norman R.|date=2006-05-01|title=Unexpected Diversity and Complexity of the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline Microbial Mat|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|language=en|volume=72|issue=5|pages=3685–3695|doi=10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006|issn=0099-2240|pmid=16672518|pmc=1472358|bibcode=2006ApEnM..72.3685L}}</ref> while the other recovered sequences from sulfur-rich black mud [[marine sediments]] (CA, USA) and used the provisional name KSB3.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tanner|first=Michael|date=2006|title=Complex Microbial Communities Inhabiting Sulfide-rich Black Mud from Marine Coastal Environments|journal=Biotechnology et Alia|volume=8|pages=1–16}}</ref>

The first [[Genomics|genomic]] insights into the phylum were achieved in 2015, at which time the name "Modulibacteria" was proposed.<ref name=":0" /> Two genomes were recovered from [[Methanogenesis|methanogenic]] sludge samples of a full-scale [[Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion|upflow anaerobic sludge blanket]] (UASB) reactor treating a high-strength organic [[wastewater]] discharged from a food-processing factory.

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== Taxonomy ==

The following taxonomy was proposed by Sekiguchi et al. 2015.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Sekiguchi|first1=Yuji|last2=Ohashi|first2=Akiko|last3=Parks|first3=Donovan H.|last4=Yamauchi|first4=Toshihiro|last5=Tyson|first5=Gene W.|last6=Hugenholtz|first6=Philip|date=2015-01-27|title=First genomic insights into members of a candidate bacterial phylum responsible for wastewater bulking|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|pages=e740|doi=10.7717/peerj.740|issn=2167-8359|pmc=4312070|pmid=25650158 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=LPSN>{{cite web | vauthors author=A.C. Euzéby JP Parte | url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/phylum/modulibacteriaModuliflexota |title="Modulibacteria"Moduliflexota |access-date=2025-02-28 |publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)| access|display-dateauthors=2016-03-20et al.}}</ref> Phylogeny by Annotree v1.2.0<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web |titleauthor=AnnoTree v1C.2L.0 Schoch |url=httphttps://annotreewww.uwaterlooncbi.canlm.nih.gov/appTaxonomy/ |website=AnnoTree}}<Browser/ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1wwwtax.cgi?mode=Mendler|first1Undef&id=K|last23071909&lvl=Chen|first23&lin=H|last3f&keep=Parks|first31&srchmode=DH1&unlock |last4title=Hug|first4=LA|last5=Doxey|first5=ACModuliflexota |access-date=20192025-02-28 |titlepublisher=AnnoTree:[[National visualizationCenter andfor explorationBiotechnology ofInformation]] a(NCBI) functionally annotated microbial tree oftaxonomy lifedatabase |journaldisplay-authors=Nucleicet Acids Research |volume=47|issue=9| pages=4442–4448 |url=https://academical.oup.com/nar/article/47/9/4442/5432638 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkz246|pmid=31081040|pmc=6511854|doi-access=free}}</ref> whichand usesphylogeny theby GTDB 05-RS95 ([[Genome Taxonomy Database|GTDB]]) 08-RS214<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 0508-RS95RS214 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="tree">{{cite journalweb |last1title=Parksbac120_r214.sp_label |first1url=DHhttps://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release214/214.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r214.sp_labels.tree |last2website=Chuvochina|first2=M|last3=Chaumeil|first3=PA|last4=Rinke|first4=C|last5=Mussig|first5=AJ|last6=Hugenholtz|first6=P[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=September10 2020|title=AMay complete2023}}</ref><ref ___domain-to-speciesname="taxon_history">{{cite taxonomyweb for|title=Taxon BacteriaHistory and Archaea.|url=https://wwwgtdb.researchgateecogenomic.netorg/publicationtaxon_history/340954053 |journalwebsite=Nature[[Genome BiotechnologyTaxonomy Database]]|volume=38|issue=9|pages=1079–1086|biorxivaccess-date=10.1101/771964|doi=10.1038/s41587-020-0501-8|pmid=32341564|s2cid=216560589 May 2023}}</ref>

* Class "'''Moduliflexia'''" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small> ["Vecturitrichia" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small>]

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**** Genus "''Candidatus'' [[Vecturithrix]]" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small><ref>{{cite web |author = Sayers| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi |title=Vecturithrix |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database |access-date=2016-03-20 }}</ref>

***** Species "''Ca.'' V. granuli" <small>Sekiguchi et al. 2015</small>

==See also==

* [[List of bacteria genera]]

* [[List of bacterial orders]]

== References ==

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{{Reflist}}

{{Portal bar|Biology}}

{{Bacteria classification|state=expanded}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q27067426}}

{{Bacteria classification|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Bacteria phyla]]

[[Category:Bacteria]]

[[Category:Taxonomy]]

[[Category:Genomics]]

[[Category:Candidatus taxa]]