Outside agitator: Difference between revisions

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'''Outsider agitators''' is a term which has been used to discount political unrest as being driven by outsiders rather than by internal discontent. The term was popularized during the early stages of the [[Civil Rights Movement]] in the United States, when Southern authorities discounted African-American protests as being driven by Northern white radicals, rather than being legitimate expressions of grievances.<ref name="Milstein2015">{{cite book|author=Cindy Milstein|title=Taking Sides: Revolutionary Solidarity and the Poverty of Liberalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhbSCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT113|date=21 October 2015|publisher=AK Press|isbn=978-1-84935-232-1|pages=113–}}</ref><ref name="Tischauser1998">{{cite book|author=Leslie Vincent Tischauser|title=Black/white Relations in American History: An Annotated Bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7k0cmLCH_mgC&pg=PA93|year=1998|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-3389-0|pages=93–}}</ref> It has been argued that the term has both anti-Semitic and anti-black roots.<ref>[https://itsgoingdown.org/the-anti-black-and-anti-semitic-history-of-outside-agitators-an-interview-with-spencer-sunshine/ The Anti-Black And Anti-Semitic History Of “Outside Agitators”]Spencer Sunshine, ''It's Going Down'', 2 June 2020</ref>

{{Short description|American political term of disparagement}}

'''OutsiderOutside agitatorsagitator''' is a term whichthat has been used to discount political unrest as being driven by outsiders, rather than by internal discontent. The term was popularized during the early stages of the [[Civil Rights Movement]] in the United States, when Southern authorities discounted African-American protests as being driven by Northern white radicals, rather than being legitimate expressions of grievances.<ref name="Milstein2015">{{cite book |author=[[Cindy Milstein]] |title=Taking Sides: Revolutionary Solidarity and the Poverty of Liberalism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhbSCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT113 |date=21 October 21, 2015 |publisher=AK Press |isbn=978-1-84935-232-1 |pages=113–}}</ref><ref name="Tischauser1998">{{cite book |author=Leslie Vincent Tischauser |title=Black/white Relations in American History: An Annotated Bibliography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7k0cmLCH_mgC&pg=PA93 |year=1998 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-3389-0 |pages=93–}}</ref> It has been argued that the term has both anti-Semitic and anti-black roots.<ref>[https://itsgoingdown.org/the-anti-black-and-anti-semitic-history-of-outside-agitators-an-interview-with-spencer-sunshine/ The Anti-Black And Anti-Semitic History Of “Outside Agitators”]Spencer Sunshine, ''It's Going Down'', 2 June 2020</ref>

[[Martin Luther King Jr.]] criticized the term in [[Letter from Birmingham Jail]], citing it as a phrase designed to dismiss [[civil disobedience]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=King, Jr. |first=Martin Luther |date=16 April 1963 |title=Letter from a Birmingham Jail |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html |access-date=2025-02-22 |website= |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]] African Studies Center}}</ref>

The term gained further prominence during the [[George Floyd protests]], with local officials in Minneapolis claiming that most rioters were not from the city, despite jail records and social media indicating otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Officials blame 'out-of-state' agitators but those at the heart of protests are homegrown|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2020/05/31/george-floyd-protest-agitators-mostly-homegrown-not-outsiders/5300362002/|last=Le|first=Brett Murphy, Josh Salman and Dak|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref><ref>[https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/05/outside-agitator-racial-justice-protests-minneapolis-george-floyd Don’t Fall for the Myth of the “Outside Agitator” in Racial Justice Protests], Glenn Houlihan, ''The Jacobin'', 31 May 2020</ref>

The term gained further prominence during the [[George Floyd protests]], with local officials in Minneapolis claiming that most riotersprotesters were not from the city, despite jail records and social media indicating otherwise.<ref>{{Cite webnews |title=Officials blame 'out-of-state' agitators but those at the heart of protests are homegrown |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2020/05/31/george-floyd-protest-agitators-mostly-homegrown-not-outsiders/5300362002/ |last=Le|firstauthor1=[[Brett Murphy,]] |author2=Josh Salman and |author3=Dak Le |websitedate=May 31, 2020 |newspaper=USA TODAYToday |language=en-US |access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref><ref>[https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/05/outside-agitator-racial-justice-protests-minneapolis-george-floyd Don’tThe Fallterm forwas thealso Mythused ofduring the “Outside[[Ferguson Agitator”unrest]] in Racial2014.<ref>{{Cite Justicenews Protests],|date=2020-06-10 Glenn|title=Unmasking Houlihan,The ''TheOutside JacobinAgitator'', 31|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/09/873592665/unmasking-the-outside-agitator May|access-date=2021-03-26 2020|publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en}}</ref>

==See Also==

The term saw wide use by public figures and media coverage during the [[2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses]]. The term was used to dismiss student protests by claiming that they'd been coopted by foreign actors rather than acting organically.<ref>{{Cite news |title=A retired teacher saw inspiration in Columbia's protests. Eric Adams called her an outside agitator |url=https://apnews.com/article/columbia-protests-eric-adams-outsiders-5319fdf36599295a3840d77c69458b57 |author=Jake Offenhartz |date=2024-05-01 |access-date=2024-05-02 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref> After clearing out the [[2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation]], New York police deputy commissioner Tarik Sheppard claimed that the chains of bike locks sold by Columbia University were "not what students bring to school" to support the claim that outside agitators were responsible for students locking themselves in [[Hamilton Hall (Columbia University)|Hamilton Hall]].<ref> {{Cite news |date=2024-05-01 |title=NY Police Deputy Commissioner Brings Chains Used By Columbia 'Agitators' Into Morning Joe Studio, Claims It's 'Not What Students Bring to School' |url=https://www.mediaite.com/politics/ny-police-deputy-commissioner-brings-chains-used-by-columbia-agitators-into-morning-joe-studio-not-what-students-bring-to-school/ |author=Zachary Leeman |access-date=2024-05-02 |publisher=[[Mediaite]] |language=en}}</ref>

[[Third Force (South Africa)|Third Force (South Africa)]]

==See Alsoalso==

* [[Paid protester]]

* [[Third Force (South Africa)|Third Force (South Africa)]]

==References==

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[[Category:Civil rights movement]]

[[Category:Political terminology of the United States]]

[[Category:Political tropes]]

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