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The [[Linux kernel]] can run on a variety of devices made by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], including devices where the [[Bootloader unlocking|unlocking of the bootloader]] is not possible with an official procedure, such as [[iPhone]]s and [[iPad]]s.
 
== iPad devices ==
In June 2022, software developers Konrad Dybcio and Markuss Broks managed to run Linux kernel 5.18 on a [[iPad Air 2]]. The project made use of the [[Alpine Linux]] based [[Linux distribution]] called [[postmarketOS]], which is primarily developed for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] devices. The developer suggested that they used the [[checkm8]] exploit which was published back in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |date=2022-06-02 |title=Have an old iPad lying around? You might be able to make it run Linux soon |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/06/developers-get-linux-up-and-running-on-old-ipad-air-2-hardware/ |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ein Jahr Arbeit: Tüftler bringen Linux auf das iPad Air 2 |url=https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000136457167/ein-jahr-arbeit-tueftler-bringen-linux-auf-das-ipad-air |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=[[Der Standard]] |language=de-AT}}</ref>
 
== iPhone devices ==
In 2008, Linux kernelthe [[Linux_kernel_version_history#Releases_2.6.x.y|2.6 Linux kernel]] was ported to the [[iPhone 3G]], the [[iPhone (1st generation)]], and the [[iPod Touch (1st generation)]] using [[OpeniBoot]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Yam |first1=Marcus |last2=publishedNgai |first2=Amos Ngai |date=2008-12-02 |title=iPhone Hacked to Run Linux |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/us/iPhone-3G-Apple-linux-jailbreak,news-3061.html |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=[[Tom's Guide]] |language=en}}</ref>
 
Corellium's Project Sandcastle made it possible to run Android on an [[iPhone 7]]/7+ or an [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] using the checkra1ncheckm8 exploit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Run Android on an iPhone With 'Project Sandcastle' Jailbreaking Tool |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/run-android-on-an-iphone-with-project-sandcastle-jailbreaking-tool |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=PCMAG |language=en}}</ref>
 
== iPod devices ==
{{Main article|iPodLinux}}
iPodLinux is a Linux distribution created specifically to run on Apple's [[iPod]].
 
There is an experimental port of the mainline Linux kernel to iPod Nano 5G by [https://github.com/freemyipod/linux freemyipod/q3k].
== Mac ==
 
== Mac computers ==
 
=== Motorola 68k Macs ===
Linux can be [[Multi-booting|dual-booted]] on Macs that use [[Motorola 68000 series|Motorola 680x0]] processors<ref name="macworld-linux-on-68k-mac">{{Cite web |title=How to install Linux on a vintage 68K Mac |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/220967/how-to-install-linux-on-a-vintage-68k-mac.html |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=[[Macworld]] |language=en-US}}</ref> (only 68020 and higher,<ref>{{Cite web |titlename=How to install Linux on a vintage 68K Mac |url=https://www."macworld.com/article/220967/how-to-install-linux-on-a-vintage-68k-mac.html" |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Macworld |language=en}}</ref> and only non-"EC" processor variants since an [[Memory management unit|MMU]] is required<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Debian on Motorola 680x0 |url=https://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/index.en.html |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Debian Ports}}</ref>). The ''Linux/mac68k'' community project provides resources to do so,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linux/m68k for Macintosh |url=http://www.mac.linux-m68k.org/ |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Linux/m68k for Mac}}</ref><ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks">{{Cite book |last1=Rothman |first1=Ernest E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_OSYVXMAYUC |title=Mac OS X For Unix Geeks (Leopard): Demistifying the Geekier Side of Mac OS X |last2=Jepson |first2=Brian |last3=Rosen |first3=Rich |date=2008-09-18 |publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc. |isbn=978-0-596-52062-5 |edition=4th |pages=174–187 |language=en}}</ref> and an m68k community port of the [[Debian]] Linux distribution is also available.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks" />
 
=== PowerPC Macs ===
In 1996, Apple announced that they were supporting a Linux port to the PowerMacs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. Johnson |first=Michael |date=May 1, 1996 |title=Stop The Presses |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1263 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Linux Journal]]}}</ref>
 
[[PowerPC]] Macs can run Linux through both [[Emulator|emulation]] and [[Multi-booting|dual-booting]] ("bare metal")<!-- what about virtualization? -->. The most popular PowerPC emulation tools for Mac OS/Mac OS X are Microsoft's [[Virtual PC]], and the open-source [[QEMU]].<ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks" />
 
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* [[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]]<ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks" />
* Debian<ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks" /> (until Debian 8,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Debian for PowerPC |url=https://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/index.en.html |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Debian Ports}}</ref> revived shortly after as a Sid community port<ref>https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/ports/</ref>) <!--really terrible horrible thing to use as a citation but it is the download mirror that has updated Debian Sid 12 images on PowerPC, their official docs are out of date though and don't reflect this-->
* [[Ubuntu]]<ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks" /> (until Ubuntu 16.10<ref>{{Cite web |title=PowerPCFaq |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PowerPCFAQ |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Ubuntu Wiki}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu: A follow-up on 32-bit powerpc architecture [LWN.net] |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/717495/ |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=LWN}}</ref>)
* [[Fedora Linux|Fedora]]<ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks" /> (until Fedora 17 for G3 and G4 processors, and Fedora 28 for G5<ref>{{Cite web |title=Architectures/PowerPC |url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/PowerPC |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Fedora Wiki}}</ref>)
* [[Yellow Dog Linux]]<ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks" /> (discontinued in 2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=DistroWatch.com: Yellow Dog Linux |url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=yellowdog |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=DistroWatch}}</ref>)
 
All of the above PowerPC ports have since been discontinued, except for Gentoo.<ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks" /><!-- Iffy use of primary citations, but it's better than misleading readers, providing info that's 15 years out of date, or being recentist and only adding current stuff. --> and Debian (official support ended in Debian 8)
 
=== Intel Macs ===
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In 2010, Whitson Gordon from Lifehacker noted that Apple has streamlined the process of dual booting Windows on Macs, but not for Linux. [[rEFIt]] made it possible to dual boot Linux.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-05 |title=How to Triple-Boot Your Mac with Windows and Linux, No Boot Camp Required |url=https://lifehacker.com/how-to-triple-boot-your-mac-with-windows-and-linux-no-5531037 |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Lifehacker |language=en-us}}</ref>
 
Macs which utilize the T2 chip from 2018 can run Linux distributions natively using the T2Linux project.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.t2linux.org/ |title=Home - t2linux wiki}}</ref>
 
=== Apple silicon Macs ===
Macs with [[Apple silicon]] processors can run Linux through the [[Asahi Linux]] command line installer for certain distributions including Fedora, Debian, and Ubuntu. While most features are available, some are unavailable on certain silicon processors and devices.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feature Support |url=https://github.com/AsahiLinux/docs/wiki/Feature-Support |website=GitHub |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref>
The [[Asahi Linux]] project is porting Linux to the [[Apple M1|M1]] (and up) based [[system on a chip|SoCs]]. Asahi Linux is currently available as an incomplete preview.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purdy |first=Kevin |date=2023-02-27 |title=Linux is not exactly "ready to run" on Apple silicon, but give it time |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/linux-is-not-exactly-ready-to-run-on-apple-silicon-but-give-it-time/ |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[iBoot]]
* [[Cydia]]
* [[MkLinux]]
* [[Linux range of use]]
* [[OtherOS]]
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== External links ==
 
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323104004/http://www.kernelthread.com:80/mac/vpc/|date=March 23, 2008|title=Amit Singh's "Many Systems on a PowerBook" article}} documents the use of emulation to run dozens of operating systems on PowerPC Macs. This article is described as "legendary" by Rothman, Jepsen & Rosen.<ref name="MacOSXUnixGeeks" />
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