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{{Infobox
|name=Tagalog
|familycolor=Austronesian
|states=[[Philippines]]
|region=Central & south [[Luzon]]
|speakers=First language: 24 million
Second language: more than 65 million
|nation=[[Philippines]] (in the form of [[Filipino language|Filipino]])
|agency=[[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]] (Commission on the Filipino language)
|rank= 40
|fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
|fam3=[[Borneo-Philippines languages|Borneo-Philippines]]
|fam4=[[Meso Philippine languages|Meso Philippine]]
|fam5=[[Central Philippine languages|Central Philippine]]
|iso1=tl|iso2=tgl|iso3=tgl
}}
'''Tagalog''' (pronunciation: {{IPA|[tɐˈgaːlog]}}) is one of the major [[language]]s of the Republic of the [[Philippines]]. It is the largest of the [[Languages of the Philippines|Philippine languages]] in terms of the number of speakers.
Tagalog, as its ''de facto'' standardized counterpart, [[Filipino language|Filipino]], is the principal language of the national [[News media|media]] in the Philippines. It is the primary language of [[public education]]. As Filipino, it is, along with [[English language|English]], a co-[[official language]] and the sole [[national language]]. Tagalog is widely used as a [[lingua franca]] throughout the country, and in [[overseas Filipino]] communities. However, while Tagalog may be prevalent in those fields, [[English language|English]], to varying degrees of fluency, is more prevalent in the fields of government and business.
==History==
The word ''Tagalog'' was derived from ''tagá-ílog'', from ''tagá-'' meaning "native of" and ''ílog'' meaning "river", thus, it means "river dweller." There are no surviving written samples of Tagalog before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. Some say that all the written texts were burned by the first Spanish priest, claiming that they were demonic. Very little is known about the history of the language. However there is speculation among linguists that the ancestors of the Tagalogs originated, along with their Central Philippine cousins, from northeastern [[Mindanao]] or eastern [[Visayas]].
The first known book to be written in Tagalog is the ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15845/15845-h/15845-h.htm Doctrina Cristiana]'' (Christian Doctrine) of [[1593]]. It was written in Spanish and two versions of Tagalog; one written in [[Baybayin]] and the other in the [[Latin alphabet]].
Throughout the 333 years of Spanish occupation, there have been grammars and dictionaries written by Spanish clergymen such as ''Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala'' by Pedro de San Buenaventura ([[Pila, Laguna]], 1613), ''Vocabulario de la lengua tagala'' (1835) and ''Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la adminstración de los Santos Sacramentos'' ([[1850]]).
Poet [[Francisco Baltazar|Francisco "Balagtas" Baltazar]] ([[1788]]-[[1862]]) is regarded as the foremost Tagalog writer. His most famous work is the early 19th-century [[Florante at Laura]].
In [[1937]], Tagalog was selected as the basis of the [[national language]] by the National Language Institute. In [[1959]], Tagalog, which had been renamed Wikang Pambansa ("''National Language''") by [[President]] [[Manuel L. Quezon]] in [[1939]], was renamed by the Secretary of Education, Jose Romero, as ''[[Pilipino]]'' to give it a [[nation]]al rather than [[ethnic]]ity label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in better acceptance at the conscious level among non-[[Tagalog people|Tagalogs]], especially [[Cebuano]] [[Bisaya]]ns who had not accepted the selection.<Ref name=Gonzalez>
{{cite journal
| author = Andrew Gonzalez
| year = [[1998]]
| month =
| title = The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines
| journal = Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
| volume = 19
| issue = 5, 6
| url = http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/019/0487/jmmd0190487.pdf
| accessdate = 2007-03-24
}}</Ref><sup>(p.487)</sup>
In [[1971]], the language issue was revived once more,and a compromise solution was worked out - a ‘universalist’ approach to the national language, to be called ''Filipino'' rather than ''Pilipino''. When a new constitution was drawn up in [[1987]], it named Filipino as the national language.<Ref name=Gonzalez/><sup>(p.488)</sup> The constitution specified that as that Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.
[[Image:Tagalog.png|thumb|Tagalog in the world.]]
Outside the Philippines, the Tagalog language is usually limited to communication within ethnic Filipino groups. Light blue boxes indicate significant Filipino communities where Tagalog is spoken.
==Classification==
Tagalog is a [[Central Philippine languages|Central Philippine]] language within the [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] language family. Being [[Malayo-Polynesian]], it is related to other Austronesian languages such as [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Fijian language|Fijian]], [[Maori language|Maori]] (of [[New Zealand]]), [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]], [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]] (of [[Madagascar]]), [[Samoan language|Samoan]], [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]], [[Chamorro language|Chamorro]] (of [[Guam]] and the [[Northern Mariana Islands]]), [[Tetum]] (of [[East Timor]]), and [[Paiwan language|Paiwan]] (of [[Taiwan]]).
It is closely related to the languages spoken in the [[Bicol]] and [[Visayas]] regions such as [[Bikol language|Bikol]], [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]], [[Waray-Waray language|Waray-Waray]], and [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]].
Languages that have made significant contributions to Tagalog are [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Min Nan|Min Nan Chinese]], [[English language|English]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] (via Malay), [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (via Malay/Spanish), and [[Northern Philippine languages]] such as [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]] spoken on the island of [[Luzon]].
==Geographic distribution==
The Tagalog homeland, or ''[[Katagalugan]]'', covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of [[Luzon]] - particularly in [[Aurora, Philippines|Aurora]], [[Bataan]], [[Batangas]], [[Bulacan]], [[Cavite]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], [[Metro Manila]], [[Nueva Ecija]], [[Quezon]], and [[Rizal]]. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of [[Lubang]], [[Marinduque]], and the northern and eastern parts of [[Mindoro]]. According to the Philippine Census of [[2000]], 21,485,927 out of 76,332,470 Filipinos claimed Tagalog as their first language. An estimated 50 million Filipinos speak it in varying degrees of proficiency.
[[Image:Katagalugan.png|thumb|Predominantly Tagalog-speaking regions in the Philippines.]]
Tagalog speakers are to be found in other parts of the Philippines as well as throughout the world; it is the sixth most-spoken language in the [[United States]].
===Official status===
{{main|Filipino language}}
After weeks of study and deliberation, Tagalog was chosen by the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represents various regions in the Philippines. President [[Manuel Quezon|Manuel L. Quezon]] then proclaimed Tagalog the national language or ''wikang pambansâ'' of the Philippines on [[December 30]], [[1937]]. This was made official upon the Philippines' restoration of independence from the United States on [[July 4]], [[1946]].
From [[1939]] to [[1987]], Tagalog was also known as Pilipino.<Ref name=Gonzalez/><sup>(p.487)</sup> Since [[1987]], the name [[Filipino language|Filipino]] has been used to refer to a ''de facto'' Tagalog-based national language that borrows from other languages.
Since [[1940]], Tagalog has been taught in schools throughout the Philippines. It is the only one out of over 170 Philippine languages that is officially used in schools,{{Fact|March, 2007|date=March 2007}} though Article XIV, Section 7 of the [[1987]] [[Constitution of the Philippines]] does specify, in part: "''Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.''" and "''The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.''"<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.chanrobles.com/article14language.htm
| title = 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV, Sections 6-9
| accessdate = 2007-04-08
| publisher = Chanrobles Law Library
}}</ref>
===Dialects===
At present, no comprehensive [[dialectology]] has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars on various Tagalog dialects. [[Ethnologue]] lists Lubang, Manila, Marinduque, Bataan, [[Batangas Tagalog|Batangan]], Bulacan, Tanay-Paete, and Tayabas as dialects of Tagalog.
However, there appear to be four main dialects of which the aforementioned are a part; Northern (exemplified by the [[Bulacan]] species), Central (including Manila), Southern (having the [[Batangas Tagalog|Batangan]] dialect as of prime example), and Marinduque.
Some example of dialectal differences are:
* Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in standard Tagalog. For example standard Tagalog ''ngayon'' (now, today), ''sinigang'' (stew), ''gabi'' (night), ''matamis'' (sweet), are pronounced and written ''ngay-on'', ''sinig-ang'', ''gab-i'', and ''matam-is'' in other dialects.
* In [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] Tagalog, [r] is usually preferred over [d]. For example, ''bundók'', ''dagat'', ''dingdíng'', and ''isdâ'' become ''bunrok'', ''ragat'', ''ringring'', and ''isra''.
* In many southern dialects, the progressive aspect prefix of ''-um-'' verbs is ''na-''. For example, standard Tagalog ''kumakain'' (eating) is ''nákáin'' in Quezon and Batangas Tagalog. This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers since a phrase such as ''nakain ka ba ng pating'' is interpreted as "did a shark eat you?" by those from Manila but in reality means "do you eat shark?" to those in the south.
* Some dialects have interjections which are a considered a trademark of their region. For example, the interjection ''ala eh'' usually identifies someone from [[Batangas]] while as does ''hani'' in Morong.
Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in [[Marinduque]]. Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of [[Batangas Tagalog|Batangas]] and Quezon.
One example are the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog dialects by the early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive.
Standard Tagalog: Susulat sina Maria at Fulgencia kay Juan.<br>
Marinduque Tagalog: Másúlat da Maria at Fulgencia kay Juan.<br>
"Maria and Fulgencia will write to Juan."
ST: Mag-aaral siya sa La Salle.<br>
EM: Gaaral siya sa La Salle. <br>
"He will study at La Salle."
ST: Magluto ka!<br>
EM: Pagluto ka!<br>
"Cook!"
ST: Kainin mo iyan.<br>
EM: Kaina mo yaan.<br>
"Eat that."
ST: Tinatawag ngâ tayo ni Tatay.<br>
EM: Inatawag nganì kitá ni Tatay.<br>
"Father is calling us."
ST: Tutulungan ba kayó ni Hilarion?<br>
EM: Atulungan ga kamo ni Hilarion?<br>
"Will Hilarion help you (pl.)?"
===Derived languages===
'''[[Filipino language|Filipino]]''', the national language of the Philippines, is the ''de facto'' standardized variant of this language. It has heavy borrowings from English. Other [[Philippine languages]] have also influenced Filipino, which is caused primarily by the migration to [[Metro Manila]] by people from the [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]]. The language was also a basis of [[Simlish]], a fictional language spoken by people in the videogame [[The Sims]].
===Taglish and code-switching===
[[Taglish]], along with its counterpart [[Englog]], is the name given to a mix of English and Tagalog. The amount of English in Tagalog ranges from simple loan words to outright [[code-switching]] where the language changes in midsentence; this is prevalent throughout the Philippines and various Philippine languages.
Nasirà ang '''computer''' ko kahapon!<br>
"My computer broke down yesterday!"
Huwág kang maninigarilyo, because it is harmful to your health.<br>
"Never smoke cigarettes, ..."
Although it is generally looked down upon, code-switching is prevalent in all levels of society, though urban-dwellers, those with high education, and those born around and after World War II are more likely to do it. Politicians, such as President [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]], have code-switched in interviews.
It is common in television, radio, and print media as well. In the US, advertisements from companies like [[Wells Fargo]], [[Wal-Mart]], [[Albertsons]], [[McDonald's]], and [[Western Union]] have contained Taglish.
The Chinese and the non-Tagalog communities also frequently code-switch their language, be it [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] or [[Min Nan]] Chinese, with Taglish.
===Binaliktad===
A kind of slang called ''binaliktád'' (reversed) is where the word is modified by changing around the syllables. Equivalents in other languages are [[vesre]], [[verlan]], and [[Pig Latin]]. For example, ''tigás'' (hard, strong), ''dito'' (here), ''hindî'' (no), and ''sigarilyó'' (cigarettes) respectively become ''astíg'', ''todits'', ''dehins'', and ''yosi''.
==Sounds==
{{IPA notice}}
Tagalog has 21 [[phoneme]]s; 16 [[consonant]]s and five [[vowel]]s. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.
===Vowels===
Before the arrival of the Spanish, Tagalog had three vowel phonemes: {{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/i/}}, and {{IPA|/u/}}. This was later expanded to five vowels with the introduction of Spanish words.
They are:
*{{IPA|/a/}} an [[open front unrounded vowel]] similar to English "f'''a'''ther"
*{{IPA|/ɛ/}} an [[open-mid front unrounded vowel]] similar to English "b'''e'''d"
*{{IPA|/i/}} a [[close front unrounded vowel]] similar to English "mach'''i'''ne"
*{{IPA|/o/}} a [[close-mid back rounded vowel]] similar to English "f'''o'''rty"
*{{IPA|/u/}} a [[Close back rounded vowel|close back unrounded vowel]] similar to English "fl'''u'''te"
There are four main [[diphthong]]s; {{IPA|/aɪ/}}, {{IPA|/oɪ/}}, {{IPA|/aʊ/}}, and {{IPA|/iʊ/}}.
===Consonants===
Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The [[velar nasal]] occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan=2|
|[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
|[[Dental consonant|Dental]]
|[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
|[[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
|rowspan=2 | [[Stop consonant|Stops]]
|Voiceless
|p
|t
|
|k
| - {{IPA|[ʔ]}}
|-
|Voiced
|b
|d
|
|g
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Affricate consonant|Affricates]]
|Voiceless
|
|
|(ts, ty/tiy) {{IPA|[tʃ]}}
|
|
|-
|Voiced
|
|
|(dy/diy) {{IPA|[dʒ]}}
|
|
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]]
|
|s
|(sy/siy) {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|
|h
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
|m
|n
|(ny/niy) {{IPA|[ɲ]}}
|ng {{IPA|[ŋ]}}
|
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Lateral consonant|Laterals]]
|
|l
|(ly/liy) [lj]
|
|
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Flap consonant|Flaps]]
|
|r
|
|
|
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Semivowel]]s
|w
|
|j
|
|
|}
===Stress===
Stress is phonemic in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the last or the next-to-the-last (penultimate) syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word. Stress on words is very important, they differentiate words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. ''ta'''yo'''''(to stand) and '''''ta'''yo''(us; we)
===Phonology===
*{{IPA|/a/}} is raised slightly to {{IPA|[ɐ]}} in unstressed positions and also occasionally in stressed positions (‘inang bayan’ [in'ɐŋ 'bɐjən])
*Unstressed {{IPA|/i/}} is usually pronounced {{IPA|[ɪ]}} as in English "b'''i'''t"
*At the final syallable, {{IPA|/i/}} can be pronounced as {{IPA|[ɪ ~ i ~ e ~ ɛ]}} as [{{IPA|e ~ ɛ}}] was an [[allophone]] of [{{IPA|ɪ ~ i}}] in final syllables.
*{{IPA|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} can sometimes be pronounced as {{IPA|[i ~ ɪ ~ e]}} and {{IPA|[u ~ ʊ ~ ɔ]}}. [{{IPA|o~ ʊ ~ ɔ}}] and [{{IPA|u ~ ʊ}}] were also former allophones.
*Unstressed {{IPA|/u/}} is usually pronounced {{IPA|[ʊ]}} as in English "b'''oo'''k"
*The diphthong {{IPA|/aɪ/}} and the sequence {{IPA|/aʔi/}} have a tendency to become {{IPA|[eɪ ~ ɛː]}}.
*The diphthong {{IPA|/aʊ/}} and the sequence {{IPA|/aʔu/}} have a tendency to become {{IPA|[oʊ ~ ɔː]}}.
*/k/ between vowels has a tendency to become {{IPA|[x]}} as in Spanish "'''J'''osé", whereas in the initial position it has a tendency to become [kx].
*Intervocalic /g/ and /k/ tend to become {{IPA|[ɰ]}} (see preceding).
*{{IPA|/ɾ/}} and {{IPA|/d/}} are sometimes interchangeable as {{IPA|/ɾ/}} and {{IPA|/d/}} were once allophones in Tagalog.
*A glottal stop that occurs at the end of a word is often omitted when it is in the middle of a sentence, especially in the Metro Manila area. The vowel it follows is then usually lengthened. However, it is preserved in many other dialects.
*/o/ tends to become {{IPA|[ɔ]}} in stressed positions.
*/niy/, /siy/, /tiy/, and /diy/ may be pronounced as [nj]/[nij], [sj]/[sij], [tj]/[tij] and [dj]/[dij], respectively, especially in but not limited to rural areas.
*/ts/ may be pronounced as [ts], especially in but not limited to rural areas.
*/e/ or /i/ before s-consonant clusters have a tendency to become silent.
===Historical sound changes===
Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the [[Proto-Philippine]] [[schwa]] vowel {{IPA|*ə}}. In Bikol & Visayan, this sound merged with {{IPA|/u/}} and {{IPA|[o]}}. In Tagalog, it has merged with {{IPA|/i/}}. For example, Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*dəkət}} (adhere, stick) is Tagalog ''dikít'' and Visayan & Bikol ''dukot''.
Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*r}}, {{IPA|*j}}, and {{IPA|*z}} merged with {{IPA|/d/}} but is {{IPA|/l/}} between vowels. Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*ngajan}} (name) and {{IPA|*hajək}} (kiss) became Tagalog ''ngalan'' and ''halík''.
Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*R}} merged with {{IPA|/g/}}. {{IPA|*tubiR}} (water) and {{IPA|*zuRuʔ}} (blood) became Tagalog ''tubig'' and ''dugô''.
== Grammar ==
{{further|[[Tagalog grammar]]}}
== Writing system ==
=== The Calatagan Pot ===
Allegedly the oldest known artifact to use the baybayin incription. Although the language used in the writing is still unknown, it is assumed that the inscription was written in tagalog.
=== Copperplate ===
{{further|[[Laguna Copperplate Inscription]]}}
=== Baybayin ===
{{main|Baybayin}}
Tagalog was written in an [[abugida]] called [[Baybayin]] prior to the arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century. This particular [[writing system]] was composed of symbols representing three [[vowel]]s and 14 [[consonant]]s. Belonging to the [[Brahmic family]] of scripts, it shares similarities with the [[Old Kawi]] script of [[Javanese language|Java]] and is believed to be descended from the script used by the [[Bugis]] in [[Sulawesi]].
Although it enjoyed a relatively high level of literacy, the script gradually fell into disuse in favor of the [[Latin alphabet]] during Spanish colonial rule.
There has been confusion of how to use Baybayin. Each letter in the Latin Alphabet is not represented with one of those in the Baybayin alphabet. Rather than letters being put together to make sounds as in Western languages. Baybayin uses symbols to represent syllables.
A "kudlit" (resembles an apostrophe)is used above or below a symbol to change the vowel sound after its consonant.
If the kudlit is used above, the vowel is an "E" or "I" sound.
If the Kudlit is used below, the vowel is an "O" or "U" sound.
A special kudlit was later added that resembles a plus sign, that is placed below the symbol to rid of the vowel sound all together, leaving a consonant.
Example:
<div style="text-align:center; margin:1em 0em;">[[IMAGE:Baybayin sample 02.jpg|Ba Be Bo B (in Baybayin)]]</div>
Baybayin is [http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1700.pdf encoded in Unicode] version 3.2 in the range 1700-171F under the name "Tagalog".
=== Latin alphabet ===
{{main|Filipino orthography}}
Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography. When Tagalog became the national language, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ''ABAKADA'' in school grammar books called ''balarilà''; A B K D E G H I L M N NG O P R S T U W Y.
As Pilipino, the national language, the alphabet was expanded in [[1976]] to include the letters C, CH, F, J, Q, RR, V, X, and Z in order to accommodate words of Spanish and English origin.
Filipino is the national language ''de facto'' based on Tagalog that borrows vocabulary from other languages. In [[1987]], the Filipino alphabet was reduced from 33 to 28; A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ Ng O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z.
==== ''ng'' and ''mga'' ====
The genitive marker ''ng'' and the plural marker ''mga'' are abbreviations that are pronounced ''nang'' {{IPA|[naŋ]}} and ''mangá'' {{IPA|[mɐ'ŋa]}}.
==Vocabulary and borrowed words==
Tagalog vocabulary is composed mostly of words of Austronesian origin with borrowings from [[Spanish Language|Spanish]], [[Min Nan|Min Nan Chinese]] (also known as [[Hokkien (dialect)|Hokkien]] or Fujianese), Malay, [[Sanskrit]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]], languages spoken on [[Luzon]], and others, especially other Austronesian languages.
English has borrowed some words from Tagalog, such as abaca, adobo, aggrupation, barong, balisong, boondocks, jeepney, Manila hemp, pancit, and yaya, although the vast majority of these borrowed words are only used in the Philippines as part of the vocabularies of [[Philippine English]].
===Tagalog words of foreign origin chart===
{{main article|Tagalog loanwords}}
For the Min Nan Chinese borrowings, the parentheses indicate the equivalent in standard Chinese.
{|class="wikitable"
! style="background:#efefef;" | Tagalog
! style="background:#efefef;" | meaning
! style="background:#efefef;" | language of origin
! style="background:#efefef;" | original spelling
|-
|kumusta
|how are you?
|Spanish
|comos estas
|-
|dasál
|pray
|Spanish
|rezar
|-
|kabayo
|horse
|Spanish
|caballo
|-
|silya
|chair
|Spanish
|silla
|-
|umpisa
|start
|Spanish
|empezar
|-
|kotse
|car
|Spanish
|coche
|-
|sabón
|soap
|Spanish
|jabón
|-
|relós
|watch
|Spanish
|reloj
|-
|litrato
|picture
|Spanish
|retrato
|-
|tsismis
|gossip
|Spanish
|chismes
|-
|gyera/gera
|war
|Spanish
|guerra
|-
|tsinelas
|slippers
|Spanish
|chinelas
|-
|sapatos
|shoes
|Spanish
|zapatos
|-
|arina/harina
|flour
|Spanish
|harina
|-
|sugál
|gambling
|Spanish
|jugar
|-
|barrio
|village
|Spanish
|barrio
|-
|swerte
|luck
|Spanish
|suerte
|-
|ensaymada
|a kind of pastry
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]]
|ensaïmada
|-
|nars
|nurse
|English
|
|-
|bolpen
|ballpoint pen
|English
|
|-
|drayber/drayver
|driver
|English
|
|-
|tráysikel
|tricycle
|English
|
|-
|lumpia (/lum·pyâ/)
|spring roll
|Min Nan Chinese
|潤餅 (春捲)
|-
|siopao (/syó·paw/)
|steamed buns
|Min Nan Chinese
|燒包 (肉包)
|-
|pansít
|noodles
|Min Nan Chinese
|便食 (麵)
|-
|susì
|key
|Min Nan Chinese
|鎖匙
|-
|kuya
|older brother
|Min Nan Chinese
|哥亚 (哥仔)
|-
|ate
|older sister
|Min Nan Chinese
|亜姐 (阿姐)
|-
|bwisit
|annoyance
|Min Nan Chinese
|無衣食
|-
|bakyâ
|wooden shoes
|Min Nan Chinese
|木履
|-
|hikaw
|earrings
|Min Nan Chinese
|耳鈎 (耳環)
|-
|kanan
|right
|Malay
|kanan
|-
|tulong
|help
|Malay
|tolong
|-
|tanghalì
|afternoon
|Malay
|tengah hari
|-
|dalamhatì
|grief
|Malay
|dalam + hati
|-
|luwalhatì
|glory
|Malay
|luar + hati
|-
|duryán
|durian
|Malay
|durian
|-
|rambután
|rambutan
|Malay
|rambutan
|-
|batík
|spot
|Malay
|batik
|-
|saráp
|delicious
|Malay
|sedap
|-
|asa
|hope
|Sanskrit
|आशा
|-
|salitâ
|speak
|Sanskrit
|चरितँ (cerita)
|-
|balità
|news
|Sanskrit
|वार्ता (berita)
|-
|karma
|karma
|Sanskrit
|कर्म
|-
|alak
|liquor
|Persian
|عرق (arak)
|-
|manggá
|mango
|Tamil
|mankay
|-
|bagay
|thing
|Tamil
|/vakai/
|-
|hukóm
|judge
|Arabic
|حكم
|-
|salamat
|thanks
|Arabic
|سلامة
|-
|bakit
|why
|Kapampangan
|obakit
|-
|akyát
|climb
|Kapampangan
|akyát
|-
|at
|and
|Kapampangan
|at
|-
|bundók
|mountain
|Kapampangan
|bunduk
|-
|huwág
|don't
|Pangasinan
|ag
|-
|aso
|dog
|Luzon languages
|aso
|-
|tayo
|we (inc.)
|Luzon languages
|
|}
===Austronesian comparison chart===
Below is a chart of Tagalog and fifteen other Austronesian languages comparing twelve words; the first thirteen languages are spoken in the Philippines and the other three are spoken in Indonesia and in Hawai'i.
{|class="wikitable"
! style="background:#efefef;" |
! style="background:#efefef;" | one
! style="background:#efefef;" | two
! style="background:#efefef;" | three
! style="background:#efefef;" | four
! style="background:#efefef;" | person
! style="background:#efefef;" | house
! style="background:#efefef;" | dog
! style="background:#efefef;" | coconut
! style="background:#efefef;" | day
! style="background:#efefef;" | new
! style="background:#efefef;" | we (inc.)
! style="background:#efefef;" | what
! style="background:#efefef;" | fire
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''Tagalog'''
|isa
|dalawa
|tatlo
|apat
|tao
|bahay
|aso
|niyog
|araw
|bago
|tayo
|ano
|apoy
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Bikol language|Bikol]]'''
|saro
|duwa
|tulo
|apat
|tawo
|harong
|ayam
|niyog
|aldaw
|ba-go
|kita
|ano
|kalayo
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Cebuano language|Cebuano]]'''
|usa
|duha
|tulo
|upat
|tawo
|balay
|iro
|lubi
|adlaw
|bag-o
|kita
|unsa
|kalayo
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Waray-Waray language|Waray]]'''
|usa
|duha
|tulo
|upat
|tawo
|balay
|ayam
|lubi
|adlaw
|bag-o
|kita
|ano
|kalayo
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Tausug language|Tausug]]'''
|hambuuk
|duwa
|tu
|upat
|tau
|bay
|iru'
|niyug
|adlaw
|ba-gu
|kitaniyu
|unu
|kayu
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a]]'''
|sara
|darwa
|tatlo
|apat
|taho
|balay
|ayam
|niyog
|adlaw
|bag-o
|kita, taten
|ano
|kalayo
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]]'''
|metung
|adwa
|atlu
|apat
|tau
|bale
|asu
|ngungut
|aldo
|bayu
|ikatamu
|nanu
|api
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]]'''
|sakey
|duara
|talora
|apatira
|too
|abong
|aso
|niyog
|agew
|balo
|sikatayo
|anto
|apoy
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Ilokano language|Ilokano]]'''
|maysa
|dua
|tallo
|uppat
|tao
|balay
|aso
|niog
|aldaw
|baro
|datayo
|ania
|apoy
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Ivatan language|Ivatan]]'''
|asa
|dadowa
|tatdo
|apat
|tao
|vahay
|chito
|niyoy
|araw
|va-yo
|yaten
|ango
|apoy
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Ibanag]]'''
|tadday
|dua
|tallu
|appa'
|tolay
|balay
|kitu
|niuk
|aggaw
|bagu
|sittam
|anni
|afi
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Gaddang language|Gaddang]]'''
|antet
|addwa
|tallo
|appat
|tolay
|balay
|atu
|ayog
|aw
|bawu
|ikkanetem
|sanenay
|afuy
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Tboli language|Tboli]]'''
|sotu
|lewu
|tlu
|fat
|tau
|gunu
|ohu
|lefo
|kdaw
|lomi
|tekuy
|tedu
|ofih
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]'''
|satu
|dua
|tiga
|empat
|orang
|rumah/balai
|anjing
|kelapa/nyiur
|hari
|baru
|kita
|apa/anu
|api
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Javanese language|Javanese]]'''
|siji
|loro
|telu
|papat
|wong
|omah/bale
|asu
|
|
|
|
|opo/anu
|api
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | '''[[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]'''
|'ekahi
|'elua
|'ekolu
|'ehā
|kanaka
|hale
|'īlio
|niu
|ao
|hou
|kākou
|aha
|ahi
|}
===Contribution to other languages===
Tagalog itself has contributed a few words into English. The word ''[[boondock]]s'' which means "rural" or "back country," was imported by American soldiers stationed in the Philippines as a mispronounced version of the Tagalog ''bundok'', which means "mountain." Another word is ''[[cogon]]'' which is a type of grass, used for thatching. This word came from the Tagalog word ''kugon.'' There is also ''[[ylang-ylang]]'', which is a type of flower known for its fragrance. ''[[Abaca]]'' is a type of hemp fiber made from a plant in the banana family, from ''abaká''. [[Manila]] is a light brown cardboard material used for folders and paper usually made from abaca. [[Capiz]], also known as window oyster, is used to make windows. A ''[[yo-yo]]'' is a toy. To [[run amok|run ''amok'']] is to go on a killing rampage. Even the child's slang "kooties" comes from the common Austronesian and Tagalog ''[[kuto]]'' which literally means "head lice."
Tagalog has contributed several words to [[Spanish language|Spanish]], like ''barangay'' (from ''balañgay'' meaning ''barrio''), the ''abacá'', ''cogon'', ''palay'', etc.
==Examples==
==='''The Lord's Prayer (''Ama Namin''''')===
:''Ama namin, sumasalangit Ka,<br>''
:''Sambahin ang Ngalan Mo.<br>''
:''Mapasaamin ang kaharian Mo,<br>''
:''Sundin ang loob Mo<br>''
:''Dito sa lupa para nang sa langit.<br>''
:''Bigyan Mo kami ngayon ng aming kakanin sa araw-araw.<br>''
:''At patawarin Mo kami sa aming mga sala,<br>''
:''Para nang pagpapatawad namin sa mga nagsala sa amin.<br>''
:''At huwag Mo kaming ipahintulot sa tukso,<br>''
:''At iadya Mo kami sa lahat ng masama,<br>''
:''Amen.''
===Common phrases===
*English: ''Ingglés'' {{IPA|[ʔɪŋˈglɛs]}} (ing-GLES)
*Filipino: ''Pilipino'' {{IPA|[ˌpiːliˈpiːno]}} (pih-lih-PIH-noh)
*Tagalog: ''Tagalog'' {{IPA|[tɐˈgaːlog]}} (tah-GAH-log)
*What is your name?: ''(PLURAL)Anó ang pangalan ninyo?'' ''(SINGULAR)Anó ang pangalan mo''{{IPA|[ɐˈno aŋ pɐˈŋaːlan nɪnˈjo]}} (uh-NOH ahng puh-NGAH-lan nin-YOH)
*How are you?: ''kumustá'' {{IPA|[kʊmʊsˈta]}} (koo-mus-TAH)
*Good morning!: ''Magandáng umaga!'' {{IPA|[mɐgɐnˈdaŋ uˈmaːga]}} (muh-gun-DAHNG oo-MAH-gah)
*Good afternoon! (from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.): ''Magandáng tanghali!'' {{IPA|[mɐgɐnˈdaŋ taŋˈhaːlε]}} (muh-gun-DAHNG tahng-HAH-leh)
*Good afternoon! (from 1 p.m. to dusk): ''Magandáng hapon!'' {{IPA|[mɐgɐnˈdaŋ ˈhaːpon]}} (muh-gun-DAHNG HAH-pawn)
*Good evening!: ''Magandáng gabí!'' {{IPA|[mɐgɐnˈdaŋ gɐ'bε]}} (muh-gun-DAHNG gah-BEH)
*Good-bye: ''paalam'' {{IPA|[pɐˈʔaːlam]}} (literal - "with your blessing") (pa-AH-lam)
*Please: Depending on the nature of the verb, either ''pakí-'' {{IPA|[pɐˈki]}} (pah-KEE) or ''makí-'' {{IPA|[mɐˈki]}} (mah-KEE) is attached as a prefix to a verb. ''ngâ'' {{IPA|[ŋaʔ]}} (ngah) is optionally added after verb to increase politeness.
*Thank you: ''salamat'' {{IPA|[sɐˈlaːmat]}} (sah-LAH-mat)
*That one: ''iyan'' {{IPA|[ʔiˈjan]}} (ee-YAN)
*How much?: ''magkano?'' {{IPA|[mɐgˈkaːno]}} (mag-KAH-noh?)
*Yes: ''oo'' {{IPA|[ˈoːʔo]}} (OH-oh)
*No: ''hindî'' {{IPA|[hɪnˈdɛʔ]}} (hin-DEH)
*Sorry: ''pasensya pô'' or ''sorry/sori'' {{IPA|[pɐˈsɛːnʃa poʔ]}} (pah-SEN-shah PO) '', patawad po'' [p{{IPA|ɐ}}ta{{IPA|ː}}wad po{{IPA|ʔ}}] (pah-TAH-wahd PO)
*Because: ''kasí'' {{IPA|[kɐˈsɛ]}} (kah-SEH)
*Hurry!: ''Dalí!'' {{IPA|[dɐˈli]}} (dah-LEE), ''Bilís!'' {{IPA|[bɪˈlis]}} (bih-LEES)
*Again: ''mulí'' [mu'li] (moo-LEE), ''ulít'' [u'lεt] (oo-LET)
*I don't understand: ''Hindî ko maintindihan'' {{IPA|[hɪnˈdiː ko mɐʔɪnˌtɪndiˈhan]}} (hin-DEE koh ma-in-TIN-dih-HAN)
*Where's the bathroom?: ''Nasaán ang banyo?'' {{IPA|[ˌnaːsɐˈʔan ʔaŋ ˈbaːnjo]}} (NA-sa-AN ang BAN-yoh?)
*Generic toast: ''[[Mabuhay (expression)|Mabuhay]]!'' {{IPA|[mɐˈbuːhaɪ]}} (mah-BOO-high) [literally - "long live"]
*Do you speak English? ''Marunong ka bang magsalitâ ng Ingglés?'' {{IPA|[mɐˈɾuːnʊŋ ka baŋ mɐgsaliˈtaː naŋ ʔɪŋˈglɛs]}} (mah-ROO-nohng kah bang mag-sah-li-TAH nahng eeng-GLESS?)
*Life is hard. ''Mahirap ang buhay!'' {{IPA|[mɐˈhi'ɾap ʔaŋ buːhaɪ]}} (mah-HI-rahp ang BOO-high)
===Proverbs===
Here are some proverbs in Tagalog.
''Ang hindî magmahál sa kaniyáng wikà ay mahigít pa sa hayop at malansáng isdâ.'' ([[José Rizal]])<br>
"He who doesn't love his language is worse than an animal and a rotten fish."
''Ang hindî marunong lumingón sa pinanggalingan ay hindî makararatíng sa paroroonan.''<br>
"He who does not look back from where he came will never reach his destination."
''Ang isdâ ay hinuhuli sa bibig. Ang tao, sa salitâ.''<br>
"Fish are caught by the mouth. People, by their word."
''Nasa Diyos ang awà, nasa tao ang gawâ.''<br>
"God has compassion, man has action."
''Magbirô lamang sa lasíng, huwág lang sa bagong gising.''<br>
"Joke around with someone who is drunk, but not with someone newly awoken.
''Magsama-sama at malakás, magwaták-waták at babagsák.''<br>
"United we stand, divided we fall."
''Aanhín pa ang damó kung patáy na ang kabayo?''<br>
"What's the use of grass if the horse is already dead?"
''Habang may buhay, may pag-asa.''<br>
"While there is life, there is hope."
''Ang magnanakaw ay galit sa kapwa magnanakaw.''<br>
"A thief is angry at his co-thief."
''Ang nag-amoy, siya rin ang gumawa.''<br>
"He who smelt it, dealt it."
''Kung ano ang puno, siya ang bunga.''<br>
"Whatever the tree is, so is the fruit. (i.e. The acorn never falls too far from the tree)"
=== The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1 in Tagalog ===
Ang lahat ng tao'y isinilang na malaya at pantay-pantay sa karangalan at mga karapatan. Sila'y pinagkalooban ng katwiran at budhi at dapat magpalagayan ang isa't isa sa diwa ng pagkakapatiran.
(Every person is born free and equal with honor and rights. They are given reason and conscience and they must always trust each other for the spirit of brotherhood.)
==Resources for learning Tagalog==
Many of the following books are published in the Philippines. Many are available on www.amazon.com.
<!-- NOTE: Because it is often hard to physically obtain these books, we must be careful about taking information from the Internet. One way of being careful is to note beside each book whether the details, particularly the ISBN, has been taken from a 2nd hand source such as the Internet, or a 1st hand source such as having a copy of the book in your hand. For books that are generally available in online shops, this is less important, since that is a pretty sure way to confirm something. -->
* By [[Teresita V. Ramos]]
**''Conversational Tagalog'', ISBN 0-8248-0944-0
**''Intermediate Tagalog'', ISBN 0-8248-0776-6 <!-- 1st-hand, see NOTE above -->
**''Tagalog Dictionary'', ISBN 0-87022-676-2 <!-- 1st-hand, see NOTE above -->
* By [[Vito C. Santos]]
**''New Vicassan's English-Pilipino Dictionary'', ISBN 971-27-0349-5
**''Vicassan's Pilipino-English Dictionary'', ISBN 971-08-2900-9
**''Vicassan's Pilipino-English Dictionary (Abridged Edition)'', ISBN 971-27-1707-0 <!-- 1st-hand, see NOTE above -->
* By [[Leo James English]]
**''English-Tagalog Dictionary'', ISBN 971-08-1073-1 (SB) <!-- 1st-hand, see NOTE above -->
**''Tagalog-English Dictionary'', ISBN 971-08-4357-5 (SB) <!-- 1st-hand, see NOTE above -->
* By others
**''Learn Filipino: Book One'' by Victor Eclar Romero ISBN 1-932956-41-7
**''Learn Filipino: Book Two'' by Victor Eclar Romero ISBN 978-1-932956-42-9
**''Lonely Planet Filipino Tagalog (TravelTalk)'' ISBN 1-59125-364-0
**''Lonely Planet Pilipino Phrasebook'' ISBN 0-86442-432-9
**''Tagalog-English/English-Tagalog Standard Dictionary'', by Carl R. Galvez Rubino, ISBN 0-7818-0961-4 (hb) / ISBN 0-7818-0960-6 (pb) <!-- 1st-hand, see NOTE above -->
**''Tagalog Reference Grammar'' by Paul Schachter and Fe T. Otanes ISBN 0-520-01776-5
**''Tagalog Slang Dictionary'' by R. David Zorc and Rachel San Miguel ISBN 971-11-8132-0
**''Teach Yourself Tagalog'' by Corazon Salvacion Castle ISBN 0-07-143417-8
**''[[UP Diksyonaryong Filipino]]'' by Virgilio Armario (ed.) ISBN 971-8781-98-6, and ISBN 971-8781-99-4
**''English-Tagalog and Tagalog-English Dictionary'' by Maria Odulio De Guzman ISBN 971-08-0713-7
**''English-Pilipino Dictionary'', Conuelo T. Panganiban, ISBN 971-08-5569-7 <!-- 1st-hand, see NOTE above -->
**''Diksyunaryong Filipino - English'', [[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]], ISBN 971-8705-20-1
**''Learn Tagalog Now'', ISBN 0-9771586-0-8
**''Tagalog Idioms Audio Course'' by Felicidad Orario ISBN 978-0-9771586-1-4
==Trivia==
Ewoks, a fictional alien race of hunter-gatherers in the Star Wars universe. The Ewoks speak "ewokese". Some have noted that certain phrases uttered by the Ewoks resemble other languages of Earth, such as Tagalog. The Ewoks seem to say "Ayon, puno daw ito!" when C-3PO is being worshipped. "Ayon, pinuno daw ito!" means "There it is! This is said to be a leader!" in Tagalog. "Puno" is a root word - from it comes pinuno, "leader", and pamumuno, "leadership". Immediately after, another Ewok replies with, "Maganda!" meaning beautiful. Also, when an Ewok is hit by a AT-ST laser, his companion (probably Wicket) apparently says, "Patay!", which is Tagalog for "Dead!". ''See [[Ewok#Language|Ewok: Language]] for more info.''
==See also==
*[[Philippines]]
*[[Pinoy]]
*[[Languages of the Philippines]]
*[[Batangas Tagalog]]
*[[Filipino language|Filipino]]
*[[Cebuano language|Cebuano]]
*[[Chabacano language|Chabacano]]
*[[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]]
*[[Visayan languages]]
*[[Bikol language|Bikol]]
*[[Ilokano language|Ilokano]]
*[[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]]
*[[Filipino-American]]
==References==
<References/>
==External links==
{{InterWiki|code=tl}}
{{Wiktionarylang|code=tl}}
{{Wikibookspar||Tagalog|Tagalog Lesson 1}}
*[http://wika.pbwiki.com/Swadish%20Word%20List Swadesh list of Tagalog words]
*[http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_mainpage.htm Northern Illinois University Tagalog page]
*[http://www.tagalog1.com Filipino (Tagalog) Learner's Home]
*[http://pinoyslang.com/ Tagalog Slangs]
*[http://forum.epinoycentral.com Free Tagalog Tutoring - powered by College professors and students]
*[http://www.bansa.org/?q=dictionaries/cmd&dict_lang=Tagalog Bansa.org Tagalog Dictionary]
*[http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Tagalog-english/ Tagalog dictionary]
*[http://iloko.tripod.com/tagamida.html Tagalog: A Brief Look at the National Language]
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tgl Ethnologue entry for Tagalog]
*[http://www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog/Tagalog_Homepage99/learning_tagalog_on_this_site.htm A Tagalog tutorial site]
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/20738 Calderon's English-Spanish-Tagalog dictionary] (from [[1915]]) at [http://www.gutenberg.org/ Project Gutenberg].
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/languages/tl Free eBooks in Tagalog at Project Gutenberg]
*[http://www.foreignword.com/dictionary/Tagalog/ Another Tagalog-English online dictionary]
*[http://www.tagalog-dictionary.com Yet Another Tagalog-English online dictionary]
*[http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/ Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database]
*[http://www.viloria.com/wp/ Viloria.com Pinoy Podcast: Speak Tagalog]
[[Category:Tagalog language| ]]
[[ast:Tagalu]]
[[br:Tagalogeg]]
[[cv:Тагаль чĕлхи]]
[[cs:Tagalog]]
[[da:Tagalog]]
[[de:Tagalog]]
[[es:Idioma tagalo]]
[[eo:Tagaloga lingvo]]
[[fr:Tagalog]]
[[ko:타갈로그어]]
[[ilo:Pagsasao a Tagalog]]
[[id:Bahasa Tagalog]]
[[ia:Tagalog]]
[[it:Lingua tagalog]]
[[ka:ფილიპინური ენა]]
[[la:Lingua Philippinica]]
[[hu:Tagalog nyelv]]
[[ms:Bahasa Tagalog]]
[[nl:Tagalog]]
[[ja:タガログ語]]
[[no:Tagalog]]
[[pl:Język tagalog]]
[[pt:Tagalo]]
[[ru:Тагальский язык]]
[[war:Tinag-alog]]
[[simple:Tagalog language]]
[[fi:Tagalog]]
[[sv:Tagalog]]
[[tl:Wikang Tagalog]]
[[th:ภาษาตากาล็อก]]
[[tr:Takalotça]]
[[uk:Таґальська мова]]
[[zh:他加祿語]]
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