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* 256 bits is a common [[key size]] for [[symmetric cipher]]s in [[cryptography]], such as [[Advanced Encryption Standard]] (AES).
* Increasing the word size can accelerate [[arbitrary-precision arithmetic|multiple precision]] mathematical libraries. Applications include [[cryptography]].
* Researchers at the [[University of Cambridge]] use a 256-bit capability pointer, which includes capability and addressing information, on early implementations of their [[Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions|CHERI]] capability system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csl.sri.com/users/neumann/2012resolve-cheri.pdf|title=CHERI: a research platform deconflating hardware virtualization and protection|last1=Watson|first1=Robert N. M.|author-link=Robert Watson (computer scientist)|last2=Neumann|first2=Peter G.|author2-link=Peter G. Neumann|date=3 March 2012|work=Unpublished workshop paper for RESoLVE’12, March 3, 2012, London, UK|publisher=[[SRI International]] Computer Science Laboratory|last3=Woodruff|first3=Jonathan|last4=Anderson|first4=Jonathan|last5=Anderson|first5=Ross|author-link5=Ross J. Anderson|last6=Dave|first6=Nirav|last7=Laurie|first7=Ben|author-link7=Ben Laurie|last8=Moore|first8=Simon W.|last9=Murdoch|first9=Steven J.|author-link9=Steven Murdoch|first10=Philip|last10=Paeps|first11=Michael|last11=Roe|first12=Hassen|last12=Saidi}}</ref>
* [[SHA-256]] hash function.
* [[Smart contract]]s use 256- or 257-bit integers; 256-bit words for the [[Ethereum Virtual Machine]]. "We realize that a 257 bits byte is quite unusual, but for smart contracts it is ok to have at least 256 bits numbers. The leading VM for smart contracts, Ethereum VM, introduced this practice and other blockchain VMs followed."<ref>{{Cite web|first=Dmitriy |last=Borisenkov |date=23 October 2019|title=[llvm-dev] RFC: On non 8-bit bytes and the target for it|url=https://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-October/136115.html|access-date=2021-09-11}}</ref>
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