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{{Short description|Canadian language proficiency assessment}}
{{MOS|date=May 2021}}The '''Canadian Language Benchmarks''' ('''CLB'''), or '''Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadien''' ('''NCLC''') in French, comprise a 12-point scale of task-based language proficiency descriptors used to guide the teaching and assessment of ESL learners in Canada. Like the [[Common European Framework of Reference for Languages]] and the [[ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines]], the Canadian Language Benchmarks describe ESL learners' successive levels of communicative achievement.
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In 2012, a revised version of the CLB was published and an updated theoretical framework. A team of writers and language experts worked on the revision in both English and in French. The CLB/NCLC theory was validated against the Common European Framework for Language, the ACTEFL and the Quebec version of the benchmarks. The validation showed that the CLB and NCLC are valid and reliable for use in a variety of contexts including community, academic and workplace.
A set of benchmarks for literacy learners who have English as a second language was first developed in 1996 and revised in 2000 by the Government of Manitoba. Another revision of the literacy benchmarks was done in fiscal 2013/2014 and was expected to be released once validation was complete in 2014.<ref>
The CLB has also been used to identify the level of curricula, courses and requirements for entry into post-secondary training in some parts of Canada, e.g. in Manitoba, some Ontario community colleges and in British Columbia where it is part of an articulation agreement.<ref>
Since 2002, the CLB has been used as a scale to help define the language demands that are used in some occupations and professions. The first benchmarking projects were done at the provincial level by Red River College in Manitoba. In 2002, CCLB did the first national benchmarking project to identify the language demands of the nursing profession.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.language.ca/documents/FINAL_NURSING_REPORTS_cclb.pdf |title=Benchmarking the English Language Demands of the Nursing Profession Across Canada |access-date=2014-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819013457/http://www.language.ca/documents/final_nursing_reports_cclb.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This was followed by the development of a national test to verify the language competency of internationally trained nurses, the Canadian English Language Benchmarks Assessment for Nurses (CELBAN). Further research was done by the Centre for occupations in the following industries: travel and hospitality, trucking, trades, food and grocery, and professions like pharmacy, physiotherapy and occupational therapy, audiology and speech language pathology. Many of these profiles have been captured in documents called "Occupational Language Analyses" (OLAs), which reflect the communication skills extrapolated from occupational competency documents, the Essential Skills and aligned to the CLB/NCLC. Many of these are available on the website Canadian Language Benchmarks and Essential Skills for the workplace.<ref>https://www.language.ca/resourcesexpertise/essential-skills/</ref> or by contacting the CCLB. The CLB has also been correlated to the Essential Skills.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140616060946/http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17367&M=4038&Repertoire_No=2137991327 "Relating Canadian Language Benchmarks to the Essential Skills"]</ref>
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* The Canadian Language Benchmarks Assessment (CLBA)
* The Canadian Language Benchmarks Literacy Assessment (CLBLA)
* The Canadian Language Benchmarks Placement Test (CLBPT)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17886&M=4032&Repertoire_No=2137991327 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825003223/http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17886&M=4032&Repertoire_No=2137991327 | archive-date=2014-08-25 | title=CLBPT }}</ref>
* Literacy Placement Tool: Volume I<ref>
* Literacy Placement Tool: Volume II<ref>
* Canadian English Language Benchmarks Assessment for Nurses (CELBAN)
* Milestones (a high-stakes test in development for Citizenship & Immigration Canada)
===Classroom assessment resources for instructors===
* Summative Assessment Manual (SAM)<ref>
* Exit Tasks for CLB 5 - 10<ref>{{cite
* Integrating Assessment into the CLB Classroom<ref>
* Portfolio-based language assessment (PBLA)
* Can Do Statements<ref>
== Immigration language requirements ==
Canada has strict language requirements for immigration. Federal Skilled Workers are expected to have a minimum CLB level 7 score in order to be eligible for immigration.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Immigration|first=Refugees and Citizenship Canada|date=2007-03-31|title=Language testing—Skilled immigrants (Express Entry)|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements/language-testing.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=aem}}</ref> Canada accepts popular English testing reports of IELTS-GT and CELPIP-G and French testing reports of TEF/TCF for immigration purposes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Immigration|first=Refugees and Citizenship Canada|date=2007-03-31|title=Language testing—Skilled immigrants (Express Entry)|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements/language-testing.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=aem}}</ref> The bands have to be converted to CLB /NCLC equivalent levels using the below conversion chart<ref>{{Cite web|last=Immigration|first=Refugees and Citizenship Canada|date=2015-01-01|title=Language requirements — Skilled immigrants (Express Entry)|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=aem}}</ref> or by using a CLB Calculator<ref>
=== Federal Skilled Worker Program ===
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Second official language: Minimum level of CLB or NCLC 5.
=== Canadian Experience Class ===
{| class="wikitable"
!NOC skill type or level
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* [http://www.actfl.org/ American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages home]
* [https://www.immiboards.com/clb-calculator/ Canada CLB Calculator]
* {{cite journal |last1=Fox |first1=Janna |first2=Robert |last2=Courchêne |url=https://www.teslontario.org/uploads/publications/researchsymposium/ResearchSymposium2005.pdf#page=7 |title=The Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB): A Critical Appraisal |
[[Category:Education in Canada]]
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